ASP 



ASP 



In tlie place of each flower, there ufaally fucccecl four 

 feeds; Mr. Ray fuppofes the cerinthe the only plant of this 

 genus that hath Icfi than four feedi at the biife of each 

 flowtr : this indeed hath but two. 



To the clafs of herbie afperifolix, referred in the Linnsean 

 fyftem to the monopetalous tetrafpermous diilinttion, under 

 the clafs of pentandria and order of monogynia, belong the 

 pnlmonaria, cynogloffum, borage, anchufa, echium, hcli- 

 trop um, lithcfpermum, cerinthe, hcliotropium, myofotus, 

 lyniphytum, oiiofma, afperugo, lycopfis, porana, tourne- 

 fortia, and mefTerchmidia. 



They all poffefs the fame general virtues, and are ac- 

 counted glutinous and vulnerary. 



ASPERITY, innplies the inequality or roughnefs of the 

 furface of any body ; by which fome parts of it are fo much 

 more prominent than the reft, as to hinder the hand, &c. 

 from paffing over it with eafe and freedom. 



Afperity, or roughnefs, ftands oppofed to fmoothnefs, 

 evennefs, politure, &c. — From the afperity of the furfaces 

 of contiguous bodies arifes friction. 



According to the relations of Vermaufen, the blind man 

 fo famous for diftinguifhing colours by the touch, it fhould 

 appear, that every colour has its particular degree and kind 

 of afperity. He makes black the rougheft, as it is the 

 darkeft of colours: but the others are not fmoother in pro- 

 portion as they are hghter; i.e. the rougheft do not always 

 reflect the leart light : for, according to him, yellow is two 

 degrees rougher than blue, and as much fmoother than 

 green. See Colovrs. 



ASPER^f ATA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Phal/ena, 

 of the geomelra family, defcribed by Linnseus. The wings 

 are vvhitifli; anterior margin fubferruginous. Inhabits Eu- 

 rope. Muf. Lcflc. Gmel. &c. 



ASPEROSA, in Geogniphy, a town of European Tur- 

 key, which is a bithop's fee, feated on the north-caft of the 

 Archipelago, and not far from the ifland of TatTo, oppofite 

 to the northern point of which is a cape of this name. 

 N. lat. 40° 58^. E.long. 24° 20'. 



ASPERRIMUS, in Conchology, a fpecies of Murei. 

 The (hell is brown, varied with yell6w and white, and ribbed ; 

 whorls obhque, with a tuberculated margin ; a brown band 

 in the middle, and another of white ; tail fliort, dilated, 

 and afcending; length about two inches. Gmehn, &c. 



ASPERSA, is a fpecies of Helix that inhabits Italy. 

 The (hell is fubimperforate, rather globofe, pale yellow, 

 with four rufous bands internipted with white fpotS; lip 

 white. Miill. Gmel. This kind is from an inch to an inch 

 and a half in diameter; fubrugofe, with minute imprelfed 

 dots; rarely white'; whorls four, and the aperture elongated. 

 The fynonyms, quoted by Gmelin, are very doubtful, if 

 not incorreft. 



AsPERSA, in Natural Hijlory, a fpecies of AscrDiA, 

 defcribed by Miiller, Zool. Dan. as a natixe of the Norway 

 fea. This is rather comprefTed, and fomewhat rough, 

 white, bag fpotted with red. Adheres to fea-weeds ; is 

 heart-fliaped; fkin pellucid, and fmooth within; bag yel- 

 lowifh. 



ASPERSED, in Heraldry, a term fometimes ufed in- 

 ftead of powdered or ftrewed. 



ASPERSION, formed of the Latin afpcrgere, tofprinUe; 

 of ad, to, and fpargo, I fcatter, the act of fprinkling with 

 water, or fome other fluid. 



Some contend for baptifm by afpcrjton, others by immer' 

 Jion. 



ASPERSKIRCH, in Geography, a town of Germany, 

 in the archduchy of Auftfia, five railee t» the foutU-eaft of 

 Peyrbach. 



ASPERSTORFF, a town of Germany, in the archduchy 

 of Audria, two miles north-caft of Soimeberg. 



ASPERUGO, in Botany {ih afperitate), a rough-leaved 

 plant. Lin. g. 189. Schreb. 249. JufiT. 131. Clafs, /irn- 

 titndria womgyitia. Nat. OrJ. afpcrifoti/p. Borrag'wes JisfF. 

 Gen. Char. Cal. perianth or.e-leafcd, five -cleft, creCt, v.ith 

 unequal toothlets, permanent. Cor. one-petalled, funnel- 

 Ihaped; tube cylindrical, very fliort; border femiquii.quefid, 

 obtufe, fmall ; throat clofcd with five convex, prominent, 

 converging, little fcales. Stam. filaments five, in the throat, 

 vtry fliort; anthers oblongilh, covered. P'ifl. germs four, 

 compreflcd; llyle filiform, (hort; ftigma obtufe. /'<:/■. none. 

 Calyx very large, ertft, compreifed; lamellas flat-parallel, 

 finuate. St'eds, four, oblong, compreifed, diftant, by pairs. 



Efl^. Gen. Char. Calyx of the fruit comprefled ; lamellai 

 flat-parallel, finuated. 



Species, i. A. prociimlens, procumbent afperugo, or 

 German madwort. Hudf. 82. With. 23 1. Smith Brit. 

 220. Flor. Dan. 552. Eng. Bot. 661. " Calyx of the 

 fruit flat." Root annual, fmall, attenuated; fl.enis procum- 

 bent, angular, rough, leafy; leaves oppofite, afcending, ob- 

 long, rough; flowers axillar)-, folitary, pedunculated, imall, 

 blue; calyx of the fruit large, comprefled, clofe, reticulated, 

 with a fetaceous margin, concealing the feeds. It grows 

 among rubbilh in roads, &c. flowering in April and May. 

 Small wild buglofs, or borrage, great goofe-grafs, are alfo 

 names under which it has been known, 2. A. agyptlaca, 

 Egyptian afperugo. Jacq. Hort. v. 3. t. 21. " Calyx of 

 the fruit fwelling." Root annual; ftem eight inches high, 

 with divaricating hifpid branches; leaves broad-lanceolate, 

 alternate, befet with rough hairs; flowers yellow, alldirefted 

 the fame way, on thick ftalks» A native of Egypt, flower- 

 ing from June till Auguft. 



Propagation and Culture. The fecond, or Egyptian fpe- 

 cies, may be raifed from fteds fown in a temperate hot-bed. 

 The plants will flower in the open air in fummer, but they 

 muft be houfed in winter. 



ASPERULA, in Botany (a diminutive oi a/per, the feedl 

 of the plant being rougliifh). Lin. g. 121. Schreb. 157. 

 Juff. 196. Clafs, tdranilria monogynia. Nat. Order, Jlellatx. 

 Rtd}iacex Jufl". Gen. Char. Cal. perianth fuperior, fmall, 

 four-toothed. Cor. one-petalled, funnel-fliaped ; tube cy- 

 lindric, long ; border four-paited ; divifions oblong, obtufe, 

 reflex. Stam. filaments four, at the top of the tube ; anthers 

 fimple. Pijl. germ twin, roundilTi, inferior ; ftyle filiform, 

 bifid ; ftigmas headed. Per. two dry globular united ber- 

 ries. Seeds, folitary, rouiidifii, large 



Efl". Gen. Char. Cor, one-petalled, funnel-ftiaped. S/tAs, 

 two, globular. 



Species i. A. ffe/ora/j, fweet woodruflFor woodroof. Hudf. 

 66. With. 185. Smith Brit. 172. Curt. Loud. f.4. t. ij. 

 Flor. Dan. 562. Eng. Bot. 755. " Leaves eight in a whorl, 

 lanceobte ; flowers fafcicled, peduncled ; fruit hifpid." 

 Root perennial, creeping ; il,ems ereft, fimpic, fmooth ; 

 leaves fcven, nine, but moft commorhly eight in every whorl, 

 elliptic-lanceolate, rough at the edge ; panicles terminal, 

 trifid, or dichotomous ; flowers white, fometimes fweet- 

 fcented, about four ; fruit rough, with fetaceous hairs. 

 When recent, the plant is inodorous; but on being dried, 

 it is very fragrant like vernal grafs. It grows in ^voods, 

 flowering in May. 2. A. arvcnfis, blue woodroof; "leaves 

 fix in a whorl ; flowers feflile, terminal, aggregate." Roo t 

 annual, flender ; ftem a foot high, roughim, jointed, dicho- 

 tomous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, beneath whitifli with hairs ; 

 a clofe umbel of feflile flowers terminates the ftem and 

 branches ; flowers blue. A native of the fouth of Europe, 

 fiowering in July. I; wa» introduced here, in 1772, by M. 

 O 2 Richard. 



