ATA 



A T B 



his riglit to empire by hereditary fucccfTion ; lie e-prcfTed 

 his furprife that a foreign prieft (hould difpofe of territories 

 which did not beh)ng to him, and without tiie confciit of 

 the rightful poil'tiror ; and he profefTcd that lie had no incli- 

 nation to renounce the religious inllitutions cftablifhtd by 

 his anceftors, and that he could not abandon the fervice of 

 the fun, the immortal divinity whom lie and his people re- 

 vered, in order to worlhip the god of the Spaniards, who 

 was fubjeft to death. As to other matters, which he had 

 never heard before, and the meaning of which he did not 

 now underftand, he dtihed to know where the prieft had 

 learned fuch cxtraordinaiy things : " in this book," replied 

 Valverdc, reaching out to him his breviar/. The iiica 

 eagerly opened it, and turning over the leaves, lifted it to 

 his ear : " this," fays he, " is filent ; it tells me nothing :" 

 and he threw it with difdain to the ground. The enraged 

 monk exclaimed to his countrymen ; " to arms, Chriftians, 

 to arms; the word of God is infulted ; avenge this profa- 

 nation on ihofe impious dogs." The farce being now com- 

 pleted, the Sp^.niards rufhcd upon the innocent Peruvians, 

 maffacred many ot them wiihoiit mercy, and feized the per- 

 fon of the iucahimfclf, who was detained in captivity. The 

 dejected prince, anxious to regain his liberty, propofed a 

 raiilom, and fuch was the amount of it, that the Spaniards 

 themfelves were aftoninied, even after all they knew con- 

 cerning the opulence of his kingdom. The apartment in 

 which he was confined was twenty-tv.'o feet long, and fix- 

 teen broad ; and the captive monarch propofed to fill it with 

 veffels of gold as high as he could reach. Pizarro clofcd 

 with the allnring propofal, and a line was drawn upon the 

 walls of the chamber to mark the ftipulated height to which 

 the treafure was to rife. When this immenfe mafs was 

 nearly coUefted by the faithfnl attachment and active zeal 

 of his fubjecls, the inca was allowed to facrifice to his own 

 fafety the life of his captive brother Huafcar : but though 

 the Spaniards divided among them the rich fpoil of Peru, 

 the iiica was continued in confinement. He now became an 

 objeft of contention between the foldiers of Pizarro, and 

 thofe that were newly arrived under Alniagro ; and the lat- 

 ter demanded his life, that there might be no pretext of 

 inequality in (baring the future plunder of Peru, under the 

 notion of its being the inca's ranfom. Pi/arro at length 

 confented to facritice the inca ; and after a mock trial, 

 Atahualpa was found guilty, and condemned to be burnt 

 alive. Friar Valverde prollitutcd the aiithoiity of his facred 

 funtlion to confirm this fentence, and by his fignaturc war- 

 ranted it to be jull. Adonifhed at his fate, Atahualpa en- 

 deavoured to avert it by tears, by promifcs, and by entreaties 

 that he might be feut to Spain, where a monarch would be 

 the arbiter of his life. Pizarro was unrelenting ; and the 

 inca was led to execution. Valverde attended him, and at- 

 tempted to convert him to embrace the ChriiUan faith, by a 

 promife of procuring a mitigation of his punidimeut. Tl'.e 

 dread of a cruel death, at length, extorted from the tremb- 

 ling viClim a defire of receiving baptifm. The ceremony 

 was performed; and Atahualpa, iiillead of being burnt, 

 was llrangled at the ftake. This event happened A.D. 

 1533; and thus terminated the life and reign of the lall 

 inca of Peru. Robertfon's Hill. Amer. vol. iii. p. 29 — 57. 



ATAJA, '\n Ichthyology, a name given by fome writers to 

 a fpecies of Sci;ena, obferved by Forikal. It is an inhabi- 

 tant of the Red Sea. 



ATAIR, in /lllrotiomy. See Alcair. 



ATAKKENI, \\\ Gin^rnphy, a town of Afiatic Turkey, 

 in the province of Natolia, forty-four miles north-weil ot 

 Eregri. 



ATALA, a fmall town of Sicily, in the valley of De- 



mona, agreeably fituate on the ftrait of Medina, between 

 Mefuna and Taormina. 



ATALANTA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Papili© 

 that inhabits Europe, and of which a variety is found in 

 America. Tlie wings are black, indented, and fpotted 

 with white ; a red band acrofs the anterior pair ; border of 

 the poilerior pair of the fame colour. This is Patilio 

 Alalanla of nioft authors : Englilh Aurelians call it the 

 red nilm'irnilc luttcrjly, and the French Alalanlc. 



ATALANTA, \n ylncient Geography, Tulendi, afmalt 

 idand in a canal formed by the fea between the ifland of 

 Euboea to the e;;!>, and the coaft of Locris to the well. 

 The ancients, as Pliny, Eufebius, and Diodonis Siculus, 

 have fuggelted that this traft of land was detached from the 

 adjoining country Alfo, another ifland in the Saronic gulf. 



ATvVLAYA, or Atalava, in Geography, a fmall town 

 of Portugal, in the province of Ellremadiii-a, conlilling of 

 one parhh with about 200 inhabitants. It is defended by a 

 fortrels on an eminence of difHcult accefs ; two league- 

 fouth of Tomar. 



ATALENUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in Armenia Major. 



ATAMARAM, in Botany. See Ansova. 



ATAM.ASCO LiLV. See Amaryllis. 



AT-ANCHOR. in Se<j Language, txpreffes the fituation 

 of a (hip riding by her anchor. 



AT ANT A, ill Botanx, a name given by the people of 

 Guinea to a kind of fumach, called by Peiiver Rhus Gu-^- 

 ee:ife trifoUalum firralum fcabhim, from its being trifoliate, 

 and having rough and ferrated leaves. This fomewhat re- 

 fembles the hoary trifoliate African y(/m/;<:4 of Piuckenct ; 

 but it differs in this, that its leaves are edged with prickles, 

 whereas thofe of Pluckenet's kind are only deeply finuated. 

 The people of Guinea are very fond of this for its medi- 

 cinal virtues ; tlicy give it as a rcftorative, boiled in water. 

 Phil. Tranf. N° 232. 



ATAPHYNI, in Ancient Geography, a people of Arabia. 

 Steph. Byz. 



ATARAXY, a term much nfed by the Sceptics and 

 Stoics, to denote that calmnefs and tranquillity of mind, and 

 that firmnefs of judgment, which fets us free from any 

 agitations or emotions arifing from felf-opinion, and the 

 knowledge we imagine ourfelves poflcfTed of. 



Tlie word is compounded of a,-xf, but, and rx-:;, order. 

 In this ataraxy, they fuppofed the fovereign good, or 

 liighell blifs in this life to confift. 



ATARNA, ill Ancient Geography, a town of Myfia 

 upon the Hellefpont, over againft the ifle of Letbos. In 

 the time of Pliny it was no more than a village ; be calls 

 it Aterna ; and in D'Anville's chart it is Atarntus. 



ATAVILLOS, in Geography, a people of South Ame- 

 rica, in Peru, at the fourcc of the river Xauca, at fome 

 dillance from the Pacific ocean and from Lima. 



.^TAXL-V, ?.T.-..J'K, in Medicine, a term which (Ignifies 

 irregularity or diilurhance of adlion, from a. privilive and 

 Txli;, onk. Tnis term is applied to fevers, when they are 

 irregular in their type ; to the pullc, when it is fluttering and 

 unequal ; and to tlie operations of the fenforium commune, 

 when they are hurried and confufed. An ataclie condition 

 of the pulfe and fpirits, in acute difeaftj, is generally a fign 

 of malignancy. 



A TAXOR.^, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Na- 

 varre, four leagues from Olita. 



ATBARA, a province of Abyflinia, the capital of 

 which is Teawa, thirty-three miles north from Raihid, in 

 N. hit. 14" 2' 4". The ancient river Ailaboras is no\» 

 called Aibaia, and the province is, according to Ciiice, 



the 



