A T H 



A T H 



And. r. t. 69. " Leaves pinnate, dcciifiated, gadi-angled ; 

 feeds naked." Root perennial ; ftcm five fcct high, firm 

 branching ; leaves glaucous, fmooth, with black veins un- 

 derneath, and fix pairs of pinnas. Moil of the leaves are 

 fclFile, elhptical, acuminate, toothed ; corolla white, with a 

 purple oiufide. A native of the mountains of France, 

 ijwiflerland, Germany, &c. 3. A. fibirica, Siberian fpig- 

 nel. Gmel. yib. I. iS6. n. 3. t. 40. f. i, 2. "Leaves pin- 

 nate, ga(h-angled." Tl:e defcriptions of this plant by l^in- 

 ncus, Gouan, and Scopoli, are i'o widely uiflerent, that we 

 cannot fuppofe they mean the fame plant. 4. A. 

 comknfata, clofe-headed fpignel. " Leaves fubbipin- 

 nate ; leafleis imbricate downwards ; umbel lens-fonn." 

 Root perennial ; ftcm fimple, a foot high, angular, furrowed; 

 leaflets alternately pinnatifid ; umbel very clofe, convex on 

 both fides, placed on branches arifing at the axils. A 

 native of Siberia. Introduced in 1773, by the earl of Bute. 

 5. A. OrcofeUniwi, Divaricated fpignel; " leaflets divaricate." 

 Root perennial ; leaves very large, firm, fmooth, triply pin- 

 nate, divided at right and even obtufe angles ; divifions 

 broadifh, not toothed, but two or three lobed ; ftem two 

 feet high ; petals white, with a blufli of rofe colour. 

 A native of Germany, Sweden, France, &c. 6. A. 

 Jidda, flix-weed-leaved fpignel. " Lower leaves fhining, 

 primordial umbels fubfeffile ; feeds haii-y." Root perennial ; 

 ftems nearly three feet high. The umbels at their firll 

 appearance are very compact, but afterwards fpread open 

 and divide into feveral fmall umbels. The flowers are white, 

 and fucceded by oblong woolly fruit. A native of Sicily. 

 Cultivated in England in 17 13. 7. A. cretenf:s, Cretan 

 fpignel or candy carrot, Jacq. Auft. i. 62. " Leaflets 

 linear, flat, hirfute ; petals two-parted; feeds oblong, hir- 

 fute." The whole plant in its wild flate is villofe ; when cul- 

 tivated it becomes fucculent, brittle, and very fliining ; ftem 

 ftreaked ; leaves tripinnate ; pinnules deeply two or three- 

 parted. The univerfal involucre confifts of five, the partial 

 of from four to fcven leaflets ; petals white. A native of 

 the fouth of Europe, flowering in June. The feeds have 

 been medicinally employed for the fame purpofcs as thofe 

 of wild carrot (fee Daucus). 8. A. annua, annual fpignel. 

 •' Leaves many-parted, divifions linear, roundifli, acuminate." 

 It is a native of Candia or Crete, and was introduced in 

 1770, by IMonf. Richard. 9. h.. ch'mmfts. " Seeds mem- 

 branaceous, ftriated ; leaves fuperdecompound, polifhed, 

 multifid." Stem angular, fmooth; leaves like thofe of chae- 

 rophyllnm, and fmooth; umbel not much expanded. A 

 native of China, ro. A. rupejlrh, ViDars Dauph. 2. 648. 

 " Leaflets briflle-fliaped, recurved, fmooth; all the flowers 

 fertile." Stem eighteen inches high ; branching finely 

 ftreaked; leaves bipinnate; univerfal involucre two, partial 

 many-leaved : petals white ; feeds downy. A native of 

 Carniola and Dauphine. Villars fu'ppofes this to be a va- 

 riety of the feventh fpecies. 



Propagation and Culture. All thefe plants are propagated 

 by feeds, which ftiould be fowa in a bed of light dry ground 

 in autumn, and in the following autumn planted at a foot 

 diftance in a bed of light fandy earth, where the roots will 

 continue feveral years, except the eighth fpecies, which 

 is an annual. Thejiinth has not yet been cultivated in Eng- 

 land, and will probably require flicker. 



Athamanta Meum. See TEthusa Meum. 



ATHAMAS, in Enlomofbgy, the name given to a fpe- 

 cies of Papilio in Drury's Inf. that inhabits India and 

 South America. It is Papilio Pyrrhus oi Linnaeus and 

 Fabricius. See Pyrrhus. 



At HAM AS, in /Indent Geography, a mountain of Greece, 



in Tlieindy. Pliny. — Alfo, a plain of Bosotia, between 

 Acrephnia and the lake Cephilfus. Faufan. 1. ix. Bccotic. 

 c. 24. 



ATHANjE, a town of Arabia Felix. Pliny. 



ATHANAGIA, a town of Hifpania citerior, and the 

 capital of the Ilergeti, according to Livy, who relates the 

 manner in which this town was iubdued by Scipio. 



ATHANASIA, among the Ancient Phyficiaiis, an epi- 

 thet given to a kind of antidotes fuppoied to have the 

 power of prolonging life, even to immortality. 



In the Augultan difpenfatory we ftill find a medicine 

 under the appellation of athanafia magna, commended 

 againft djfenteries and hemorrhages. 



Athanasia, in Botany. Lin. g. 943. Schrcb. 1279. 

 Jufl". 185. Gsertn. t. 165. OXsiii, fpigencjia pulygamia aqualis. 

 Nat. Order, compofus d'lj'cnidee. Gen. Char. CaL conunon, 

 imbricate, ovate ; fcales lanceolate, prefled clofe. Cor. 

 compound, uniform, longer than the calyx ; coroUules 

 hermaphrodite, equal, numerous ; proper funnel-form ; bor- 

 der five-cleft, acute, ercftifli. Stam. filaments five, capil- 

 lary, fliort ; anthers cylindric, tubular. P'tjl. germ ob- 

 longifli ; ftyle filiform, a little longer than the ftamens ; 

 iligma bifid, obtufe. Per. none; calyx unchanged. Seeds, 

 folitary, oblong ; down chaff"y, of very fliort briilles. Rec. 

 chaff"y ; chaft"s lanceolate, longer than the feed. 



Eir. Gen. Char. Cal. imbricate ; down chaffy, very 

 fliort ; reccpt. chaffy. 



Species, i. A./juarro/a, crofs-leaved athanafia, relhania 

 fquarrofa, L'FIerit. Angl. n. i. t. 29. " Peduncles one- 

 flowered, lateral ; leaves ovate, recurved." An underfhrub. 

 Leaves alternate, feffile, pointed, fmooth ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, longer than the leaves ; chaffs linear, the length of the 

 fl.orets. Introduced in 1774, by Mafl'on. z. A. fejfdijlora, 

 feffile -flowered athanafia, Rel. lateriflora, L'Herit. 60. " Pe- 

 duncles one flowered, fliortcr than the leaf ; leaves linear, 

 hairy." A very finall plant, found at the Cape by Thunberg. 

 3. A. pumila, dwarf athanafia ; Relh. pedunculata, L'He- 

 rit. 1. c. " Peduncles one flowered, longer than the leaf; 

 leaves linear, hairy." This is alfo a fmall cape plant, difco- 

 vered by Thunberg. ^. A. crenata, notch-leaved athanafia ; 

 " flowers foHtary, terminal ; leaves linear." Stem fhrubby ; 

 leaves alternate, obfcurely three-cornered ; one terminal 

 flower. 5. A. uniflora, one-fiowered athanafia ; Relh. cu- 

 neata, L'Herit. 1. c. " Flowers fohtary, terminal, feffile ; 

 leaves obovate, imbricate, fmooth." A native of the Cape, 

 difcovered by Thunberg. 6. A. capttata, hairy athanafia ; 

 " flowers terminal, fubfeffile ; leaves lanceolate, hirfute." This 

 has the apj^arance of buphthalmum capenfe, but the leaves 

 are alternate ; the flowers are difcoid and flofculofe. A na- 

 tive of the Cape, and introduced in 1774, by Maffon. 7. A. 

 marlt'ima. (See Santoljna Marilima.) 8. A. geni/iifolia, 

 broom-leaved athanafia ; Rel. genift. L'Herit. 60. " Co- 

 rymbs fimple ; leaves lanceolate, undivided, naked, crowd- 

 ed." Stem underfhrubby ; leaves ftflile, marked with very 

 fliort lines, fmooth, fomewhat keeled, bluntifli; corymbs 

 fmall, with three or four fubfefiile flowers. 9. A. puiejeens, 

 villofe-leaved athanafia; " corymbs fimple; leaves lanceolate, 

 undivided, villofe." This rifes fix or feven feet high, flow- 

 ers yellow. 10. A. annua, annual athanafia; " corymbs fim- 

 ple, contrafted ; leaves pinnatifid, toothed." Root annual;, 

 item about nine inches high, branched at the top ; leaves 

 fmooth, cut into fegments like thofe of buck's horn plan- 

 tain ; flowers of a bright yellow, large. Cultivated by 

 Miller in 1768. (/S.) Achillea inodora, Lin. Sp. PI. 1 1. A. 

 trifurcata, trifid-leaved athanafia ; " corymbs fimple ; leaves 

 three-lobed, cuoeiform." Shrubby j five or fix feet high ; 



leaves 



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