A T H 



leaves fiat^ gkucous, cut at the extremity into three feg- 

 merits ; flowers of a bright yellow colour. Cultivated here 

 in 1 7 14. 12. A. crithmiJoUa, famphire-lcavcd athanafia ; 

 fantolina, Mill. fig. t. 227. f. 2. " Corymbs fimple ; leaves 

 femitrilid, linear," divided, more than half their length into 

 three or five narrow fegments ; flowers yellow. Cultivated 

 in 1726 by Miller.- 13. A. //«//c//m, tlax-leaved athanafia; 

 " corymb fimple ; leaves linear." Stem round, fmooth, hke 

 that of flax ; leaves alternate, pcrfeflly fimple, linear, or 

 fubulate , flowers in a terminal con,'mb ovate and fmooth. 

 Found at the Cape by MaCTon, and introduced in 1774. 

 14. A. dcntata, tooth-leaved athanafia. (/3.) A. Ixvigata, 

 Lin. Spec. 1 181. " Corymbs compound ; leaves recurved, 

 the lower linear, toothed, the upper ovate-ferrate." Shrubby, 

 three feet high, with pale yf How flowers. Introduced in 1 780, 

 by the countcfs of Strathmnre.s x^.K.pm-vif.rjra, fmall-flow- 

 ered athanafia ; tanacetum crithmifol. Lin. Spec. 1 182. Mill. 

 Di(ft. N° 6. " Corj'mbs compound ; leaves pinnate, linear." 

 Stem thick, fluubby, feven or eight feet higli. The leaves fit 

 clofe to the branches, which are terminated by roundifli bunches 

 of bright yellow flowers. It was introduced in 1 774 by Maf- 

 fon. 16. K. p'uv.iata. " Corymbs dcnfe, compound ; leaves 

 pinnate, linear, tomentofe." Stem proliferous, fhrubby, 

 tomentofe ; leaves crowded with five or feven pinnas; ca- 

 lyxes villofe. 1"]. A.. pcil'ii'.ala. " Corymb compoimd; leaves 

 pinnate, fmooth." Found at the Cape by Thuiiberg. i S. A. 

 dentala. " Corymb compound ; leaves lanceolate toothed, 

 ferrate." Found at the Cape by Thunberg. This differs 

 from the 14th, though it has the fame name. 19. A.JiH- 

 formh. "Corymb compound; leaves linear, fmooth, fpread- 

 ing." This alfo was difcovcred at the Cape by Th\n-,berg. 

 20. A. f;«£r«7, lavender-leaved athanafia. " Corymb com- 

 pound ; leaves linear, tomentofe, entire." Introduced by 

 Maflbn in 1774. All the above fpecies are natives of the 

 cape of Good Hope, except the fcventh, and they are all 

 perennial except the tenth. 



Propagation and- Culture. Thefe plants, with the excep- 

 tion of the annual fort only, may be propagated by cuttings 

 or flips during the fummer months, and planted in pots or 

 upon an old hot-bed cloftly covered with glafles, (liading 

 them during the heat of the day, and occafionally refreih- 

 ing them with water; they will put out roots in five or fix 

 weeks, and in two months they may be taken up and planted 

 in pots filled with light earth, and placed in a fliady fituation 

 until they have taken new root. After this they fliould be 

 removed to a ftieltered fituation, mixing them with other 

 exotic plants, where they may reii^ain to the middle or end 

 of Oftober, when they are to be placed in a dry ftove or 

 glafs cafe, where they are to be allowed as much free air 

 as poflible, but fecured from froft. The annual fpccits is 

 to be propagated by feeds fown on a moderate hot-bed the 

 latter end of March, and as foon as they are advanced 

 enough to remove, they fliould be tranfplanted to another 

 gentle hot-bed, at the diftance of three inches from each 

 other, obferving to fliade them till they have taken new 

 root. About the end of May they will be llrong enough 

 to be tranfplanted into the open air, and fonie may be 

 planted in pots to place among other exotics. The Britifli 

 fpecies fliould be protefted from the cold in fevere winters. 

 See Martyn's Miller's Dift. 



ATHANASIAN Creed. See Creed. 

 ATHANASIUS, Saint, In Biography, a celebrated 

 Chriftian biftiop, flouriflied in the fourth century, and was 

 a native of Egypt, probably of Alexandria. Hillory has 

 tranfniitted to us no records of his parentage, nor of the 

 precife ti'me and place of his birth. The attention of his 

 etuly years feenis to have been principally devoted to thco- 



7 



ATI! 



logy ; and having engaged in the fcrvicc of the church, he 

 was ordained a deacon by Alexander, bifliop of Alexandria, 

 whom he ferved as fecrclaiy, and accompanied to the coun- 

 cil of Nice, and whom he fucceeded in the year 3 26, in 

 confequence of his fpecial nomination, and by the general 

 fufPragc of the people. At this time he was probably 

 about 30 years of age, for he fpeaks of the perfecution of 

 Maximin as an event which he had been informed of by his 

 fathers, and he lived 46 years after his epifcopal ordination. 

 Having difl;inguiflied hlmfclf at the Nicene council, though 

 then o!i!y a deacon, by a violent fpeech aTainft Arius, he 

 was no fooner advanced to the prelacy than he became a- 

 more zehlous and pov.erful advocate in the caufc of the 

 Catholics againft; the Arians. Not content with reviling 

 them and their opinions in the mod opprobrious terms 

 (fee Arians), he emphiyed his talents and influence in 

 redraining and fupprefling them. The Arians, on the 

 other hand, were equally aflTiduous and a<!^iive in counter, 

 afting the hofl^ile efi'orts of the orthodox prelate, in re- 

 proaching his charatter, and in fnbvcrting his epifcopal 

 authority. As Athanafius could be induced, neither by 

 the requifition of the emperor Conn.antinc, nor by the 

 menaces of Eufebius bifliop of Nicomedia, to acquitfce in 

 the re-admifiion of Arius to the communion of the catho- 

 lic church, from which he had been excluded, the friends of 

 the latter ufcd all the means they could devife fordifgracing 

 and removing their adverfary. Accordingly, in the year 

 331, they brought feveral accufations againtl him before the 

 emperor. The prelate, after much hefitation and reluc- 

 tance, was at length obliged to obey the emperor's per- 

 emptory commands, and to appear before a council of 60 

 bifliops fummoned at Tyre, in 335. Some of the charges' 

 that had been alleged againft him were fatisfaclorily con- 

 futed ; but others were confirmed. During the progrefs of 

 the inquiry and trial, fome members of the fynod received 

 Arius into communion at Jerufalem ; and Athanafius him- 

 fclf feized an opportunity that occurred of failing for Con- 

 ftantinople, to intrcat an audience of the emperor. In con- 

 fequence of this audience, the members of the council 

 were fummoned to appear before Conftantine, that the caufe 

 might be fairly examined ; but when they arrived, inftead cf 

 reneunng their former accufations, they produced a new 

 charge, alleging that Athanafius had attempted to detaia 

 at Alexandria tiie fliips which fupplied Conilantinople with 

 corn, of which they were then in want. Upon this the 

 emperor, from refeiitment, convitiion, or policy, contented 

 to his degradation ; and the council pronounced againit 

 him a fcnience of depofition and baniiliment. The place 

 of his exile was Treves in Gaul ; and here he remained, ac- 

 cording to the moil probable account, about 18 months. 

 Upon the death of Conflantine, Athanafius was rellored 

 by an honourable edift of Conilantius to his countr)' and 

 to his epifcopal fee. This proceeding was reprefentcd by 

 the Arians as an offence againft fynodical authority; and a 

 council of 90 bifliops was held at Antioch in 341, by whom 

 the former depofition of Athanafius was confirmed, and 

 Gregory of Cappadoeia, one of their own party, placed in 

 the fee of Alexandria. The young empciror confirmed the 

 nomination, and Athanafius was condrained to fly for pro- 

 teftion and fnpport to Juhus, bilhop of Rome. At the 

 end of three years he was fent to Milan by the emperor 

 Conttans, who was difpofed to favour the Catholic party. 

 A new council was appointed to be held at Sardica in 11- 

 lyricum in the year 347, to fettle the fubjeds in difpute. 

 The eaftcrn and weftcrn bilhops difagreed and feparatcd ; 

 the latter, who were the partifans of Athanafius, remained 

 at Sardica ; and the former aflemblcd at PhilippopoLs. One 



party 



