A T H 



fometimes aiTembled, were feveral ftatue3, fuch as thofe of 

 Pindar, Coiioii, Timothcus, and Evagoras king of Cyprus. 

 Near the royal portico was that of Jupiter Liberator, 

 where Euphranor tlie painter had reprefented in a feries of 

 pidhirei the twelve gods, Tlicfeus, the people of Athens, 

 and an engagement of the cavalry, in which GrjUus, the 

 fon of Xenophon, attacked the Thcbans commanded by 

 Epaminondas. The Apollo of the adjoining temple was 

 the work of the fame mader. From the royal portico two 

 ftreets branch out, and terminate in the furum : that on 

 the right was decorated by a number of Herma:, or heads 

 of Mercury fuppoitcd by pcdcftals, erected for recording 

 fome glorious atchievemcnts, or for inculcating fomc lefTons 

 of wiidom. This (Ireet is terminated by two porticoes that 

 front the forum ; the one, that of the IKrm.o; the other, 

 and the moft handfome, is called the Poccile, at the gate 

 of which was the llatue of Solon. Tlie walls within tlie 

 Pcecile were covered with bucklers taken fiom the Laceda- 

 monians and other nations, and enriched with the works of 

 Polygnotus, Micon, Panoenus, and other celebrated pain- 

 ters. The forum, which was extremely fpacious, was de- 

 corated with buildings dellined to the worfhip of the gods, 

 or the fervice of the ftate, or as places of afylum to the 

 wretched ; and ftatues of kings or individuals who had 

 merited weJl of the republic. An adjoining fciuare con- 

 tained a temple in honour of the mother of the gods, with 

 a ftatue of her by Phidias ; and the palace in which the 

 fenate afTembled. In the temple of Mars, at a fmall di- 

 (lance, was a ilatue of that god, executed by Alcamenes, 

 a pupil of Phidias. 



In the middle of the citv, between the fonim and the 

 citadel, was the temple of I'hefeus, built by Cinion fonie 

 years after the battle of Salamis ; it was fmaller than that 

 of Minerva, but built after the fame model ; like that, it 

 was of the Doric order, and an elegant itruAurc. It was 

 enriched by the labours of ficilful painters; and the rerr.ains 

 of it are to be feen at this day. It was allowed the privi- 

 lege of being a fanftuary for flaves, and for all perfons of 

 mean condition who fled from the perfecution of men in 

 power ; in honour of Thefeus who, whilil he lived, was the 

 proteftor of the dillrefled. Near to the temple of Thefeus, 

 Paufanias places the temple of the Diofeuri, or of Caftor and 

 Pollux ; and above this temple was the grove of Aglaurus, 

 fituate under the Acropolis. Near to this grove, north of the 

 Acropolis, was the Prytaneum, where citizens who had ren- 

 dered fignal fervices to the ilate, were maintained at thepublic 

 expence. See Prytaneum. Beyond this building, on the 

 north-caft fide of the citadel, was the (Ireet of the Tripods, 

 or the flreet of triumphs, in which were temples and houfes 

 containing tripods of brafs, which were dedicated by thofe 

 who had been viftorious in the contefts tliat fubfilled 

 among the poets, muficlans, and dancers. In one of tliefe 

 edifices was the famous fatyr, called by the Greeks Tli^i^orfic;, 

 efteemed by Praxiteles himfclf one of the fined of his pro- 

 duftions, and ranked by the public among the mafter- 

 pieces of art. The ftreet of the Tripods led to the theatre 

 of Bacchus, where the people fometimes afTembled to delibe- 

 rate on affairs of ftate, or to be prefent at the reprefenta- 

 tion of tragedies or comedies ; and oppofite to this theatre 

 was the temple of Bacchus, one of the moft^ antient temples 

 of Athens ; it was fituatcd in the quarter of Limnje, or 

 Marfhes, and was opened only once a year. Between the 

 ftreet of the Tripods and the theatre of Bacchus was the 

 Odeum, built by Pericles for mufical competitions. (See 

 Odeum.) In the quarter of the marfhes, fouth of the 

 citadel, was the temple of the Olympian Jupiter, begun by 

 Piliftratus, continued by feveral fuccceding governors, 



A T H 



and finifl'.cd in the time of Adrian. The ruin of this tem- 

 ple eonillls of very large and beautiful columns of tlie 

 Corin'.liian order, fluted, about fix feet in diameter and 

 fixty in height. The temple of the Pythian Apollo lay to 

 the notth-wclt of that of Jupiter Olympius, and nearer to 

 the citadel ; and near to the Propylxnm, at the bottom of 

 the citadel, on the north fide, is the temple of Apollo and 

 Pan, in a grotto or cave, where Apollo is faid to have 

 deflowered Crcufa, daughter of king Erichtheus. Befidis 

 thefe there were feveral other temples, fuch as the temple 

 of Diana, that of the Eight Winds, and the Pantheon 

 dedicated to all the gods. (See Pantheon.) 



Without the city, between the wall and the river Ilyflfus, 

 was thedroniosor lladium (fee Stadium, andCvNosARCEs). 

 Beyond the Ily fTus, and to the call of the Stadium, was mount 

 Hymettus, and the diftricl called Agra;, in which were the 

 temples of Ceres, and of Diana Agrotera, or the huntrefs. 

 Above this were the Gymnafia of the Lyceum (fee Ly- 

 ceum), and of the Cynofarges. To the north-weft, in the 

 Ceramicus that lay without the city, and diftant from it 

 about fix ftadia, was the Academy. (Sec Academy.) Be- 

 yond the Academy was a hill called Colonos, on which 

 Sophoclce laid the foundation of his Qidipus Coloneus. 

 The river Ccphifus enriched this dillridt with its waters, 

 though in fummer this (Iream, and alfo the Ilyflus, were 

 occafionally dry. 



The topography of ancient Athens, given by Paufa- 

 nias, fo far eorrefponds to thofe remains, whofe names 

 and lituations have been dcfcribed by modern travellers, 

 as to afford a ftrong prefumption of its accuracy ; and 

 it affords a kind of ftandard by whicli the corrednefs 

 of other defcriptions may be etlimated. In order to form 

 a jull notion of his plan, it is neceffary to confidcr the 

 ft^ations from which his routes commenced ; and thefe will 

 appear to be in a natural order, and to have embraced in the 

 moft comprehcnfive manner the whole of the city of 

 Athens. His two principal ilations were the Ceraniicus and 

 the Prytaneum ; and his routes from the former ftation 

 noticed thofe parts that lay to the north-weft, and thofe 

 from the latter fuch as were fituated to the nortli, call, 

 and fouth of the Acropolis. Having arrived at Athens 

 from the Pirasus, and pafling through the outer Ceramicus 

 and the city gate, he entered the inner Ceramicus, which 

 was his firft ftation. On the right hand, he fays, is feen 

 the royal porch, and he there enumerates among other ob- 

 jects, the temple of the mother of the gods ; the fenate- 

 houfe of five hundred ; the Thelus; the temple of Mars; 

 the Odeum ; the fountain called Enneakrounos ; the temple 

 of Ceres and Proferpine ; and another. Paufanias having 

 finifhed his firft route, without defcribing any obje&s in 

 returning, commences his fecond, which appears to be very 

 fhort ; remarking only the temples of Vulcan, and of 

 Venus Urania, above the Ceramicus, and which may be 

 fuppofed to have been nortliv\'ard of the gate Dipylon. 

 He then proceeds to fay, that the traveller, dircfting his 

 courfe to the Poecile or Poikile, will obferve the fevers! 

 objedls in the following order : bcfides others, the Market 

 place, the Gymnafium, the temple of Thefeus, the temple 

 of the Diofeuri, and tlie grove of Aglaurus : the temple uf 

 Thefeus ftill remains. According to the order of Paufanias, 

 we muft look for the Poikile, the Market place or forum, 

 and the Gymnafium, between the gate Dipylon and the 

 temple. According to Paufanias, the temple of the Diof- 

 euri was near to that of Thefeus ; and above the temple of 

 the Diofeuri was the grove of Aglaurus ; and as this 

 grove was under the Acropolis, it muft have been between 

 that place and the temple of Thefeus, or nearly betw-een the 



Acropolis 



