A T O 



^on, and leave no vacancy for the admiflion of any fcreign 

 force tofeparate ordifunite them. 



As atoms are the firft matter, it is necefTar}' they fhould 

 be indiffoluble, in order to their being incorruptibie. Sir 

 Ilaac Newton adds, that it is alfo required tliey be immu- 

 table, in order to the world's continuing in the fame Hate, 

 and bodies being of the fairie nature now as formerly. To 

 this purpofe he obferves, at the clofe of his inquiry into the 

 natiire, laws, and con ftitution of matter, that God in the 

 beginning created matter in folid, maffi\'fe, hard, impene- 

 trable, moveable particles, incomparably harder than any of 

 the porous bodies compounded of them; nay, fo hard as 

 never to wear or break in pi;ces ; no human power being 

 able to divide what God made one at the creation, while 

 thefe particles continue entire, they may compofe bodies of 

 one and the fame texture in all ages ; but if they (hould 

 wear away, or break in pieces, the nature of things depend- 

 ing upon them would be changed. See Divisibility, and 

 Solidity. 



Hence the ancients were alfo led to maintain atoms 

 eternal: becaufe what is immutable, muft be eternal. 

 They alfo added gravity ;. and, in confequence theiT.-f, 

 motion to their atoms :- and farther oblerving tliat atoms 

 thus falling perpendicularly, could not join or unite toge- 

 ther ; they fuperadded a fortuitous or fide motion, and 

 furnifiicd them with certain hooked parts, in order to enable 



them to catch and hang the better together And from a 



cafual and fortuitous jumble of thefe atoms, they fuppofed 

 the whole univerfe to be foraied. 



ATOMARIA, in Concholojy, a fpecies of CypR.iSA, 

 about half an inch in length. This ikell is oblong, fnowy- 

 white, dotted with brown, and at each end two dulky marks. 

 Martini, Gmel. &c. 



Atom ARIA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Cosops {Myopa, 

 Fabr. ), found in Europe. It is greyifli, with an ovate ab- 

 domen ; wings brown, crowded with white dots. Gmelin. 



Atomaria, a fpecies of Phrygasea found in Ger- 

 many. The wings are pale-grey with numerous black 

 dots. 



Atomaria, a fpecies of Ph al.^en a {Geometra) that inha- 

 bits Europe. The wings are entirely yellowifli, ftreaked and 

 fpeckled with brown. GmeHn, &c. This is Phalsena pennata 

 of Scopoli, and Phalxna artemifiaria. Phalasna glarearia of 

 Wien. Schmetterl. is fuppofed to be a variety of this fpecies 

 by Gmelin. The larva from which this moth is produced 

 is fmooth and greyifh, with numerous ferruginous interrup- 

 ted lines, and two tubercles on the pofterior part ; feeds on 

 centaurea fcabiofa. 



Atomaria, a fpecies of Notonecta, about the fize of 

 a loufe, and inhabits the river Volchova in RuiSa. It is 

 white; above and wing -cafes pale-greyifh f wings milky. 

 Pallas, It. . 



Atomaria, a fpecies of Silpha- {SpLarJJsum Fabr.) 

 This infect is fmooth and black ; wing-cafes marked with 

 crenate ilria ; legs pale. Fabr. Gmel.. &c. A native of 

 Europe. 



Atomarius, a fpecies of ScARABa:us {Mtlolonlhu) that 

 inhabits the cape of Good Hope. In fize and appearance 

 this infeft. refeaibles S. farinofus. It is powdered with 

 white ; thorax canaliculated and black : wing-cafes brown ; 

 abdomen white, with, lateral black dots. 



Atomarius, a fpecicb ef Cui;culio found in Europe. 

 This infect is brown ; wing-cafes liriatcd, with the interlli- 

 ces fmooth-, finely punftated, and fprinkled with fpecks of 

 grtyiili brown hairs; (hunks rufous. Muf. Leflc. p. i8. 

 n. 380. Lin. Another curculio atomarius occurs in Linn. 

 Muf. Leik. p. 19, 399-, and which docs not fecin to ditTcr 



A T O 



fpccincally from the foregoing : C. atomarius fufcus, tlytrii 

 llriatis ; atomis grifeis pllofis. 



Atomarics, a fptcicsof Carabus that inhabits Eu- 

 rope. It IS apterous, biatk, and glabrous ; wing-cafe* 

 rather fmooth, with minute, fcattered, confluent drops of a 

 purple colour ; margin purple. Muf. Lefk. 



Atomarius, a fpecies of Ck.iei {RolunJatus fcft.), va- 

 ned with grifeous and bro« n ; wings white, dotted with 

 broivp. Fabricius. 



- ATOMELLA, a fpecies of Phal.t:\a {Tinm). The 

 anten^x are- of a moderate length ; fira wings yellowifh, 

 fpeckled with ferruginous ; two ferruginous dots in the 

 diik, and a ytUow marginal fpot. Linn. &c. lulubiu 

 Europe. 



ATOMICAL Philosophy, denotes the doArinc of" 

 atoms ; or a method of accounting for the origin and for- 

 mation of all things, from the fuppoCtion of atoms, endued 

 with gravity and motion. 



Tiie atomic phyfiology, according to the account given 

 of it by Dr. Cud worth (Intelleftual Syftem, b. i. e. i. vol. i. 

 p. 7. Liich's ed.), fuppofes " that body is nothing elfe but 

 o.Krarov a:'tm~n, that is, extended bulk'; and rtfolves ther*. 

 fore, that nothing is to be attributed to it, but what ii in. 

 eluded in the nature and idea of it, viz. more or Icfs magni- 

 tude, with divifibility into parts, figure and pofition, toge- 

 ther with motion or reft, but fo as that no part of body can 

 ever move itfdf, but is always moved by fomcihing elfe. And 

 confcquently it fuppofes, that there is no ntedof any thing 

 elfe befi3e3 the fimple elements of magnitude, figure, fite, and 

 motion, wl.ich are all clearly intelligible as diifcitnt modes of 

 extended fubftance, to folve the corporeal phenomcra by ; 

 and therefore, not of any fubllantial forms, dillintt from the 

 matter nor of any other qualities really cxifting in the bo- 

 dies without, befides the refults or aggregates of thofe fim- 

 ple elements, and the difpofition of the infcnfiblc parts of 

 bodies in refpeft of figure, fite, and motion ; nor of any in- 

 tentional fpecies or fhews, propagated from the objci'ts to 

 our lenfes ; ner laftly, of any other kind of motion or action 

 reaUy diilinA from local motion, fuch as generation and alte- 

 ration, they being neither intelligible as modes of extended 

 fubftance, nor any ways neceffar)'. Forafmuch as the forms 

 and quahties of bodies may well be conceived to be nothing 

 but the refult of thofe fimple elements of magnitude, figure, 

 fite, and motion, varioufly combined together in the fame 

 manner as fyllables and words, in great variety, rcfult from 

 the different combinations and conjunctions of a few letters, 

 or the fimple elements of fpeech ; and the corporeal part of 

 fenfation, and particularly that of vifion, may be folvtd only 

 by local motion of bodies, that is, either by corporeal eiBu- 

 via (called Jimu!i7c/.'rii, ir.^inlrant, and exifvif,) ft reaming con- 

 tinually from the furface of the objects, or rather, as the 

 later and mocc refined atomifts conceived, by prefTurc made 

 from the objett to the eye, by means of light in the medium- 

 So that Hj' dia .SaJ-.Tr^iai; ra Ta3!:Tof ai.c; to /SXi— ousim aix.;-,0.- 

 Xu'M ; the fcnfe taking cognizance of the object by the fub- 

 tle interpofed medium, that is tenfe, and ftretchcd, (thruft- 

 ing every way from it upon the optic nerves), doth by that 

 as it were by a ftaff touch it. Again, generation and cor- 

 ruption may be fufficiently explained by concretion and fe- 

 cretion, or local motion, without fubftantial fonns and qua- 

 lities. And, laftlv, thofe fenfibk ideas ot liglit and colours, 

 heat and cold, fweet and bitter, as they are dillinft things 

 from the figure, fite, and motion of the infenfiblc parts of 

 bodies, feem plainly to be nothing elfe but our own fancies, 

 pafllons, and fenlations, however they be vulgarly millakea 

 lor qualities. in the bodies without U5." 



As to the ori^ia and iiiftoi^- of Uiis atomical phllofophy. 



Dr. Cud. 



