A T R 



defcribes tT;^e purple creeper, or Certhia put-pvrta of Gmel. 

 avis virpjiniana p!ioe;iicea de Atoiotl di£la. Seba M'lf. i'. 

 ti 72. S'c Purpurea Certhia. 



ATOUGIA, in Geography, a fmall town of Portuoal 

 in the province of Elbemadura, feated on a.i erniia^ce 

 near the fea, oppofue to the rocks called Burlings, defcnd-d 

 by a caftlf, and containinjr about 1300 inhabitants; tw-o 

 miles and an half eaft of Peniche. 



ATOUNI, a larg-e tribe of Arabs that pofllfs the ifth- 

 mus of Suez, and from thence go up between the Red fea 

 and the monntains 'b.at bour.d the eaft part of the valley of 

 Egypt. See Howadat. 



ATOYAQUE, a deep and large river of America, in 

 Mexico. 



ATRA, in Conchology, a fpecies of Patella, defcrlbed 

 by Schroet: The fhcll is black and ftriatcd ; vertex pale ; 

 bottom with a fpatnlate browniih Ipot, and furrounded with 

 a horft-flioe fl-.^ped bi.iid of white. About an inch a.id a 

 quarter in length. Tlie country is xmknor.n. 



and 

 bl; 



Atra, a fpecies of Helix, about two inches in length, 

 d cont-fti'g of feven whorls. The (hell is tapering, 

 •ck, and minutely ftriated ; whorls rather convex ; aper- 

 ture oblong-oval. Gualt. Teft. 



Atra, in Entomol.^y, a fpecies of Conops {MyopaYdhr.) 

 that inhabits Denmark and Germany. The abd(/oien is cy- 

 liiidi-ical and incurvated ; body black. Gmel. The month 

 of this iufeft is white ; antcnnat black, with a yellowilh 

 band; le^s black; polieiior tfiighs yellowifh. 



Atra, a fpecies of Phal/Ena (Bom'yx), entirely of a 

 footy-biack colour, and without fpots. This is Bombyx 

 hierac'n of Fabricius, and Tinea gramiiicHa of Wien Schmet- 

 terl. The larva is black and hairy, with a fanguineous 

 dorfai line ; it fecretes itfelf within a follicle compofed of 

 dried 'eaves and ftraws. The pnpa is ferruginous brown. 



Atra, a ipecies of Cicada (Cercopis Fabr. ) of a large 

 fize, that is found i.i South America. It is black, with a 

 marghal fanguineous ftripe on both iides of the wing-cafes. 

 Fabricius, Sec. 



Atra, a fpecies of Podtjua, very common in Europe. 

 It is globofe, brown, and fhining ; antennae long, and of 

 many joints. Faun. S'sc. Linn. Adt. .Stockh. 1743. 



Atra, a fpecies of Pimelia {Hdops Fabr.) of a black 

 colour, with ftriated wing-cafes. Gmel. Fabr. &c. This is 

 Pyrochroa [nigra} nitida, corpore ovato, thorace convexo, 

 antennis pedibufque fufcis, of Degeer. Inhabits Europe. 



Atra, a fpecies of Buprestis, that inhabits Germany, 

 and in fome reipefls refembles Buprcjlis •virulis. The wing- 

 cafes are entire, fomewhat linear and punftated ; thorax 

 deflexed ; body black and elongated. Fabricius. 



Atra, a fpecies of Lampvris {Lycus Fabr.) of a deep 

 black colour ; thorax orbicular, and with the wing-cafes 

 red ; an imprtfTed black fpot on the back. This is a native 

 of Europe. Muf. I^clk. Linn. 



Atra, a fpecies of Cantharts, the body of which is 

 entirely of a deep black. Fabricius. A- native of the north 

 of Europe. 



Atra, a fpecies of Nscydalis, of a black colour, with 

 all the thighs clubbed. Inhabits the fouth of Europe. Fa- 

 bricius. The thigh in one fex iimple. 



Atra, a fpecies of Leptura, the body of which is to- 

 tally black. Fabricius. The legs of this kind arc fome- 

 times ferruginous. Poda calls it Leptura itthiops, and Geol- 

 frov, Stenocorus totiis niger. Inhabits the fouth of Europe. 

 Atra, a fpecies of Curculio, of an oblong form, and 

 black colour, with rufous antennas. A native of Europe, 

 and fuppofcd to be a variety of C. ihhropw. Gmel. Fabr. 

 &c. 



A T R 



Atra, a fpecies of Hispa, the body of which fs en- 

 tirely deep black. Schr. d.r B.rl. &c. Gmel. FabHcius 

 d -Icnbes it as having fiilifoim antenna ; thorax and wine, 

 cafes fpinous ; and body black. Geoffroy calls it Crioctns 

 atra (pm.s horrida. It inhabits the fouth ..f Europe and 

 the north of Afia, and feeds on the roots of orafs 



Atra, a fpecies of Chrvsomela (^///ja Fabr.), found 

 in Germany. It is glolTy or fliining black, wiih the bafc of 

 the antennjE, and {iks of the f.;ct pitcay-black. Gmel 

 Geoitroy, &c 



Atra, a fpecies of C' crisELLA, of a black colour, 

 with two yellow fpots ; margin of the thorax and tail vel- 

 low. Thuuberg. The body of this infea is very gibbous 

 and glabrous. * 



Atra, in Ornithology, a fpecies of Muscicapa, called in 

 the Arctic Zoology the D:ijly Fly-calchc: It is of an olive- 

 afh colour; breall cinereous; belly pale reddini-ycUow ; 

 hc'.d, tail, and quill feathers black ; margin of the fccon- 

 daries, and outer web. cf the exterior tail feathers white. 

 Gmtlm, &c. This is a native of New York, where it ap- ' 

 pears in-March, and departs in Auguft ; feeds on bees, and 

 lays five fmall white eggs ; legs black. 



Atra, a fpecies of Tanagra that inhabits Guiana. 

 This bird IS cinereous ; face, chin, and throat black in the 

 male, and brown in the female. Buffon calls it Camail ou 

 Cravatte, and Tangara a cravatte noire de Cayenne. The 

 length of this bird is fcven inches ; the bill and legs black ; 

 bale of the upper mandible white. 



Atra, a fpecies of Trisga that inhabits the banks of 

 the Riiine. The head and neck, are black ; back and wings 

 brownifli intei-mixed with black ; bread and belly cinereous, 

 rump cinereous, undulated with black and white. Sander. 



Atra, a fpecies of Ardea, entirely of a black colour, 

 with a fmootli head and face, bare of feathers. Gmd. The 

 wings are glod'ed with blue. Brifl". calls it ardea nigra ; 

 Enff. heron noir ; and Latham the black heron. It inha- 

 bits Silefia. 



Atra, in Ancient Geography, the capita! of the Arabians- 

 of S;ngaici.a; who formed a tribe, which polTeficd an inde- 

 pendent territory of Mefopotamia. Trajan befieged this 

 place in the year 117, but by the refillance of the inha- 

 bitants, and the heat of the feafon, he was obliged to aban- 

 don the enterprife. The town was feated on the top of 

 a high mountain in a dry and defert country, and encom- 

 paffed by a itrong wall. It retained its reputation under 

 Severus, but was ruined under the reign of the erapcror 

 Jovian. 



ATRABILARI^ Capsul.?:, in .in.ttomy. See Cap- 

 sule. 



ATRABILIS, Blaci Bile, in Medicine. The ancients 

 (fays Dr. Pcrcival),as appears from Galen, fuppofed the atra- 

 bilis to be derived either fro:r. the dregsof the blood, or from 

 yellow bile torrefied and higiily concoftcd. A celebrated 

 modern anatomilt is of opinion that it is blood, which 

 having lodged fome time in the inteiHnal canal, has acquired 

 a blacknefs and' putridity. But is it not (this elegant and 

 ingenious writer a(ks) more probable, that in general it is 

 no other than gall become acrid by llagnation in the vefica 

 fellea, and rendered vifcid by the abforption of its fluid 

 parts r When difchargcd into the duodenum in this Rate, 

 it occafions univerfal ditlcrbance and diforder till evacuated 

 either by vomiting or purging. A young gentleman who 

 laboured under a marafnais produced by intempeiince, 

 and which at laft proved fatal, voided feveral times both 

 by ilool and vomiting a conliderable quantity of black, 

 tenacious, and moft offenfive biie. The fymptoms which 

 preceded the difcharge, and which ceafed foon afterwardi. 



