AUG 



AUG 



en the fonthern fide of ihe Kuban, and on the caflcrn coafts 

 of the Euxini'. The proper Auchafia or Abafa is under 

 the Ottoman fupreinacy, having a prince, who refidf s at 

 Anehopia. The weiltrn races of the Aucliafians acknow- 

 ledge the parainount fovertignty of the khan uf the Crimea; 

 and thefe are they who at prefent belong to the RiifTun Kii- 

 ban. They iroftly live about tlic river Laba. See Abas«a. 



AUCHAT^'E, in Anc'unt Geography, a people of Afi.t, 

 in Scythia. 



AITCHENIA, in Entomology, the name of a genus of 

 coleopterous infefts, adopted after profcfTor Thunberg, by 

 Mr. Marfham, in his late and very excellent work infilled 

 Entomologia Britannicn. It comprthends a tribe of infet\? 

 before arranged with the Linnzan chrvfomelj;, and among 

 themfeveralwhichLinnsEiishad himfclf affigncdto that genus; 

 fuch as merdigera, 12-punftata, afparagi, oyanella, me- 

 lanop?, flavipes, hirta, 4-maeulata, and tenella; to which 

 Mr. Marlhani adds the lubfpinofa and rufipes {crlo-fruii-^) 

 of Fabricius; and a new fpecies which he names flavicolhs. 

 The charafter of the auchenia genus is, antennae filiform; 

 head advanced ; thorax cylindrical, and narrower than the 

 wing-cafes; and the body oblong. T. 1. p. 2 13. 



AUCHIS^, \n yincient Geography, a people of Africa, 

 in the Cyrenaic territory. 



AUCKLAND, or Bishop Auckland, in Geography, 

 is a neat market and corporate town fituated about ten miles 

 fouth-wefl from Durham, and 246 N. by W. from London. 

 This place obtained the latter name at the time of biihop 

 Bee, who is faid to have built a magnificent caltellated edi- 

 fice here during his prelacy, which continued from 1283 to 

 1310. But this building has been wholly deftroyed, and 

 fucceeding bifhops have erefted and enlarged another noble 

 manCon where the prefent dioceian occafionally refides. 

 Mr. Pennant defcribes the palace and grounds as peculiarly 

 beautiful and grand. " Nothing" he obferves, " can equal 

 the approach to the former through the latter, which is va- 

 ried with verdant (lopes, rifing hills, woods, and deep pre- 

 cipices impending over the Wear." The ground on which 

 the town and callle are placed is of an angular form, and 

 the Ilreets are extended on the fides of the angle, having the 

 callle at one cf the terminating points. The eminence is 

 walhed on the north fide by the river Wear, and on the 

 fouth-eaft by the river Gainelefs ; the banks are formed into 

 hanging gardens, and the whole afpeft is extremely beauti- 

 ful. The town is built on high ground, which rifes nearly 

 one hundred and forty feet from the level of the plain be- 

 low, and the fteepnei's of the roads that approach the town 

 Tenders them very dlfagrceablc and difficult for the paf- 

 fage of carriages. A free grammar fchool was founded here 

 by Anne Swyfte, under letters patent from James L in the 

 fecond year of his reign. It has been further endowed in 

 17S3, and is held in an apartment under a fmall and neat 

 chapel which was then rebuilt by a lubfcription of the in- 

 habitants, and dedicated to St. Ann. Asthe paiiih cluu'ch 

 is at St. Andrew Auckland, a village about one mile dillant 

 from the town, this was a neceffary improvement. Here are 

 a weekly market on Thurfday, and three annual fairs. The 

 market place is a large open fpace in the middle of the 

 town, and on its weltern fide has lately been eretted and 

 tftabliihcd a large manufaftory for printing all kinds of cot- 

 tons, callicoes, mullins, &c. On the nortli-well is a fub- 

 ftantial o!J bridge, built by bifhop Skirluw about 1403, 

 over the rivet Wear; and in the vicinity of the town are four 

 cr tiye refpeftable and handfome gentlemen's feats. Le- 

 land's Itin.vol. i. and Hutchins's Hillory of the County of 

 Durham, vol. iii. 



AUCTA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Chrysomela, 

 with an azure Ihining thorax ; wing-cafes blue, dotted, 



with a red margin. Fabricius. A native of Europe. In 

 fize and appearance it rcfembles Chrysomela marginala. 



AucTi, a fpecies of Vespa, of a black colour, with 

 the anterior margin yellow ; two yellow dots and a tran'.'- 

 verfe line on the fcutel; and fix yellow bands, the firit with 

 a dot on each fide, upon the abdomen. This kind inhabit* 

 Germany. Gmel. &c. 



AUCTION, in Commerce, denotes a kind of public 

 fale, much in ufe for ellates, houfes, houlehold goods, and 

 other comnioditie':, fubjeft to certain conditions, in which 

 the higlieft bidder is the buyer. Thefe fales are iubjtft to 

 legal regulations. By 19 G. III. c. 56. an auctioneer is re- 

 quired to take out a licence, fetting forth his true name and 

 place of abode ; and for the faid licence, if it be within the 

 limits of tlie chief office of excife in London, he (hall imme- 

 diately pay the fmn of 20s. and elfewhere 5 s. over and 

 befides any other duties or payments for trading in or vend- 

 ing any gold or filver plate, or othervvife ; and acting with- 

 out fuch a licence incurs, within the bills, a forfeiture of 

 tool, and elfewhere 50 1. The faid licence mult be ren- 

 newed annually ; and bond mull be given at the time of 

 taking it out with two fureties in the fum of 200 1. within 

 the bills, and elfewhere in 50 1. ; that he will deliver in a 

 juft account, and make payment of the duties. Thefe du- 

 ties are as follow : viz. for evwy 20 s. of the purchafe mo- 

 ney arifing by virtue of any fale by auction of any interell 

 in pofTeffion or reverfion, in any freehold, copyhold, or 

 leafchold lands, tenements, houfes, or hereditaments, and. 

 of any annuities, or money charged thereon ; and of any 

 utenfils in hufbandry and farming llock, (hips and velTels ; 

 and of any reverfionary interell in the public funds ; and 

 of any plate' or jewels, (hall be paid by the auctioneer or 

 agent 6d. viz. 3* d. by 27 G. III. c. 13. and 2| d. more by 

 37 G. III. c. 14. And for every 20 s. of the purchafe mo- 

 ney arifing or payable by virtue of any fale by auction, of 

 furniture, fixtures, pictures, bookf, horfes, and carriages, 

 and all other goods and chattels whatever, 10 d. viz. 7 d. 

 by 27 G. III. c. 13. and 3d. more by 37 G. IIJ.c. 14. 

 Piece goods are exempted from duty by 29 G. III. c. 63. ; 

 and alio all goods imported from Yucatan, and fundry com- 

 modities imported from Africa in Britifh (hips, or from 

 any Britifh fettlement abroad by 32 G. III. c. 41. There 

 are alio further exemptions fpecified in the ftatutes 17 G. III. 

 c. 50. (J II, 12, 13. and 19 G. III. c. 56. J 13, 14, 

 15. The' auctioneer is required to give previous notice to 

 the office of excife of the day of fale, and dehver a written 

 or printed catalogue fpecifying the fevcral articles to be 

 lold, atteftcd and figned by himielf or his known clerk, 

 under a penalty of 20 1. 19 G. III. c. 56. J" 9. He (hall 

 alfo within 28 days, within the limits of the chief excife 

 office in London, and elfewhere within fix weeks, deliver 

 in an account in writing of the total amount of- the money 

 bid at each fale, and of the fcveral articles or lots there 

 fold, and the price of each ; and at the fame time make 

 payment of the duties: the truth of the account to be at- 

 telled upon oath. And by 38 G. III. c. 54. every auc- 

 tioneer, neglecting to make payment within the iimitcd 

 time, (hall forfeit double the duty. 



Auction, or Aiiifto, was originally a kind of fale among 

 the ancient Romans, performed by the public crier "_/i/^ 

 hajla," that is under a fpear lluck up on that occafion, and 

 by fome magilli-ate, who made good the fale by delivci-y of 

 the goods. This cullom ot felting up a fpear at an auttion 

 fcems to have been derived from tius circumllance, that at 

 fii il only thole things which were taken in war were fold in 

 that manner. Hence hajla is put for a public fale, and "■ J'tb 

 hajlam venire^' denotes to be publicly fold. This was termed 

 auilio, q. d. increafej bccaufe, accoiding to Sigonius, the 



goods 



