AVE 



and the two equinoxes, but more particularly on midfummcr 

 day, and new-year's day, or the winter folllice. The 

 Bardic triads call the temple at Avebury, one of the three 

 primary GorJlJJau,ov fupreme feats of the ifland of Britain ; 

 the other two were thofe of Bafgawcn and Mod Evor. 



The circles at Avebury and Silbury Hill had their names 

 reciprocally from each other, for tlie former was termed 

 Gtv/c-t.-IJiy/i-Giuyzon, or the fupreme feat of the Hill of 

 pretence, or cognition ; and the other was called dudcr- 

 Cjvr.iiigou, or the tumulus of the circle of conventions. 

 In this place the lejjiHative, facerdotal, and fcicntilic claffes, 

 which formed the ancient Britiih conftitution, held their 

 ineetinE;s, under the appellations of Bcirz, Dcrivyton, and 

 Oi'izion, or Bards, Druids, and Ovates. We are informed 

 by Ca;far, tliat the Druids of Gaul, " who wifhed to be per- 

 fedly (]<illcd in the Druidical fcience," occafionally vifited 

 Entr'and to learn it. From the magnitude and fitiiation of 

 Avebuiy, we are induced to.beheve thnt it was their place 

 of meeting or convention. The fituation was the moll: con- 

 venient of any in Great Britain ; and that it was the grand 

 inetropolitan itation, feems fatisfaftorily afcertained by its 

 magnitude above all others in the ifland ; by the various 

 Britifh roads or ridgeways which converged to this fpot ; 

 by the vaft number of ban-ows fcattcred all over thefe plains, 

 and byfeveral other relics of remote antiquity to be found in 

 the neighbourhood. To Dr. Stukeley we arc indebted 

 for much information concerning this place, and but for his 

 diligent inquiries and refearches in 1722, &c. we fhould 

 never have been able to afcertain the figure and dimen- 

 Jions of the temple ; with his affiftance, aided by repeated 

 examination of the fpot, we are enabled to prefent our 

 readers with an account which we hope will prove as fatis- 

 faftory as it is faithful. To thofe who wifh for a more 

 minute defcription, we mud refer to Biitton's Beauties of 

 Wiltfhire, vol. iii. ; and for accounts of fome fnbjefts col- 

 laterally connected with this, fee Bard, Barrow, Crom- 

 lech, Druid, Kistvaen, Stonehenge, Sec. 



AVEHEN, a town of North America, in the country 

 of Mexico, and diftiift of Chiametlan. 



AVEIA, in yimknt Geography, a town of Italy, in 

 Samnium, fouth of Amiternum. 



AVEIN, in Gt-ngraphy, a village of the Netherlands, in 

 the duchy of Luxemburg, near which the army of France 

 defeated the Spaniards ; two leagues from Rochefort. 



AVEHvO, or Braganza Nova, a fea-port town of 

 Portugal, in the province of Beira, fituated in a flat and 

 mardiy country, at the mouth of the Vouga, and con- 

 taining about 1400 houfes, divided into four parifhes, and 

 fix monafteries. The river Vouga flows through the town, 

 where it is very narrow ; but it is adorned with a handfome 

 quay. Near the town it divides into two branches, one to 

 the left and running fouthward to the fea, the other flow- 

 inT northward to Ovar. Its trade is inconfidcrable, as fmall 

 boats only come to the town ; and as the bar is continually 

 fhifting, none but fmall rtiips can pafs it. The fifliery of 

 this place is alone worthy of notice ; for Aveiro chiefly 

 fupphes the province of Beira with Sardinhas, which are 

 carried by large troops of mules into the higher parts of 

 the province. Salt is alfo produced here in large quanti- 

 ties ; though it is not reckoned fo good as that at St. 

 Ubes and Lilbon. The town is, on account of its marfhy 

 fituation, unhcslthy, which expofes the inhabitants to fre- 

 quent attacks of agues and putrid diforders. Aveiro is nine 

 leagues from Coirabra, and eleven fouth of Oporto. N. 

 kt."40° 30'. W. long. 9° 8'. 



Aveiro, a river of France, which runs into the Tarn, 

 four Icaguee below Iilontauban. 



AVE 



AVELINE, in Conchology, a name given by French 

 naturalills to one kind of land-fnail found in Amboyna, and 

 called by Linnxus hel'txfcLirab,^us, 



AVELLA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the king- 

 dom of Naples, and country of Lavora, four miles north- 

 call of Nola. The fituation of this town, with its callle, 

 is delightful, and it commands a view as far as Naples. Not 

 far from this place are the ruins of Abclla. It now gives 

 the title of prince to the family of Doria. 



AVELLANA, m Botany. SeeCoRYLus. 



Avellana, in Conchology, a fpecies of Helix, with a 

 flightly umbilicated fliell, of an obtufe and fomewhat trian- 

 gular form, rough, plaited, and filvery within ; aperture 

 fmooth and eaitd ; and an elevated circle on the firft whorlj 

 of the fpire. 



Avellana, a fpecies of Patella with a thin white 

 fhell, very finely ttriated ; and an oblong perforation divid- 

 ed by a ligament. Native place unknown. Mcufchen. Naturf. 



Avellana, in Eiuomology, a fpecies of PhaljCNA 

 (Torlrix) found on the nut-tree in the north of Europe, 

 The wings tellaceous, with three ihort bands. Linn.Gmel.&c. 



AvellanjE, a fpecies of Attelabus, of a black colour, 

 with the wing-cafes, thorax, and legs red. This infeCt Gmelin 

 conjectures, m.ay be only a variety of fl//f/a^«j irorji// ; it in- 

 habits Germany, and is called by Scopoli curculio col/aris. 



Avellana, a fpecies of Cimex, of a black colour, with 

 brown upper-wings that arc white at the bafe and tip ; legs 

 fulvous. Found on the nut-tree. Gmel. Scop. &c. 



AvELLAN-iE, a fpecies of Phal^ena {Bombyx) that is 

 found on the nut-trees in Europe. Tiie wings are dull afli- 

 coloured, with an oblcure finous band, and without fpjts. 

 Fabr. Gmel. &c. 



AVELLANE, in Heraldry, is a term peculiar to the 

 form of a crols, whofe quarters refcmble the nux avellana, 

 or hlberd-nnt. 



AVELLINO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the 

 kingdom of Naples, and Principato Ultra, the fee of a 

 bilhop, and fnfl"ragan of tlie archbifliop of Benevento. Avel- 

 lino, which was probably founded by the Lonibaids, is a 

 conlidei"able city, extending a mile in length down the cavity 

 of a hill, with ugly fl;reet3, but tolerable houfts. The 

 churches are crowded with monftrous ornaments in a barba- 

 rous ftyle, which the Neapolitans feem to have borrowed' 

 from the Spaniards. The cathedral is a poor building, 

 adorned merely with uncouth I^atin dillichs, and fhapelefs 

 Gothic fculpture. The inliabitants have accefs to a ihitue 

 of St. Laurence, with a phial of his blood, which for eight 

 days in the month of Augull entertains them with a mira- 

 culous hquefaftion fimilar to that of St. Januarius at Naples. 

 The only edifice of note is a pnlilic granary, of the compo- 

 fite order, adorned with antique llatues, and an eleganS 

 brony.e one of Charles II. king of Spain, while a boy, cafl: 

 by Cavalier Cofimo. The number of inhabitants amounts 

 to 8 or 10,000. The bifliop's revenue is about 6000 ducats 

 or 1,125 1. a year. The magiftracy confiils of a fyndic and 

 four eletti, who are chofen annually ; but thefe offices are 

 engroffcd by a certain number of families of fome diflinttion, 

 who neither intermarry nor aflbciate with the other burghers. 

 The ellatcs of the prince amount to the yearly value of 

 20,000 ducats or 3,750 1. and 2000 arife from duties on 

 the dye of cloth, which is made of various qualities and 

 colours, but chiefiy blue. The finell fells for thirty carhni 

 a canna, and pays twenty-fix grana duty of entrance into 

 Naples. Many wealthy merchants are concerned in this 

 cloth manufafture, fome of whom employ in it a capital cf 

 80,000 ducats, or 15,000!. The poor women who fpin 

 the wool, muil work very diligently to earn about fovu: 



grans. 



