AUG 



■merited by tJiis bounty; neverthelefs, tlie bounty, affiiVcJ 

 by private benefaciiuns, has been found inadequate to the 

 •end of making a reafonable and competent pmvilion for the 

 parochial clergy in a fliort time. In order to accelerate the 

 beneficia! cffccl of this bounty, it was propofed by the 

 learned Dr. Watfon, the prefeut bidiop of LandafF, in a 

 " Letter to his grace the archbifliop of Canterbury," 

 printed in 17&3, that a bill (liould be introduced into parlia- 

 ment, for appropriating, as they become vacant, one-third, 

 or fome otlier definite part, of the income of every deanery, 

 prebend, orcanonry, at the churches of Wcftminfter, Wind- 

 ibr, Chriftchurch, Canterbury, Worceller, Durham, Nor- 

 wich, Ely, Peterborough, Carlifle, &c. to the fame pur- 

 pofe, mutatis mutandis, as the firll-fruits and tenths were 

 appropriated by the aft, parted in the lifth of queen Anne. 

 Tliis p'an, it is fuggefted, would produce a wonderful 

 change for the better, in 80 or 100 years, in the condition 

 of the inferior clergy, and it would immediately begin to 

 operate for their benefit. " If the rcduftion of deans and 

 chapters," fays this eKcellent writer, " fliould be looked 

 upon as a ftep towards their annihilation, and Ihould, on 

 that account, be difliked by thofe who think them of ufe 

 in our ccclefiaftical ellablifliment; there is another method 

 in which the poor clergy might be, in no great length of 

 time, well provided tor. The clergy at prefent pay into 

 ■the exchequer about 14,0001. a year for firft-fruits and 

 tenths, according to a valuation of the church revenues, 

 which was made above 250 years ago; the char revenue, 

 arifing to the governors of queen Anne's bounty from this 

 iburcc, may be eftimated at near 1 2, cool, a year. If the 

 clergy were to pay firll-fruits and tenths according to a new 

 valuation of their benefices, and the fnm thence arifing was 

 applied to the augmentation of fmall livings, every one muft 

 fee how greatly the operation of what is called queen 

 Anne's bounty would be accelerated. See Curate, 

 Ecclefinjlknl Revenue, and Vicar. 



Augmentation is alfo ufed for the augment; L e. for 

 the additament, or the thing added. Thus it is faid, fuch a 

 niinifter petitioned the king for an augmentation oi falary, 

 wages, &c. 



Augmentation, Court of. See Court, &c. 



Augmentation, in Heraldry, denotes additional charges 

 to a coat armour frequently given as particular marks of ho- 

 nour, and generally borne, either on an efcutcheon, or a 

 canton. — Such are the arms of Ulller, borne by Sill the 

 baronets of England. 



AUGON, in Geography, a mountain of Italy, being part 

 of the Apennines, on the confines of Liguria and Pavefan. 



AUGOXAS, a fmall ifland of Africa, on the coaft of 

 Mozambique. 



AUGRE, or AwGRE, a carpenter's and joiner's ihilru- 

 ment, ferving to boie large round holes. 



The augre confilts of a wooden handle, and an iron blade, 

 terminated at bottom with a llcel bit. 



AUGSBURG, orAusBURG, i. e. ylugujlus-lurgh, an- 

 ciently called Aiigujla Vmdelicorutn, in Geogra^hf, an imperial 

 city of Germany, and the capital of Swabia. It is fituated 

 in a delightful and fertile coimtry, betwixt the rivers Lech 

 and Wertach, near their confluence. It is not only one of 

 the moll ancient, but one of the largeft cities in Germany. 

 According to Riefbeck (Tonr through Geimany, p.m.) its 

 circumference is 9^ miles, and it contains about 30,000 

 people; others fay, that the number of inhabitants amounts 

 to 35,ccOj and fome reckon them at 40,000. It is environed 

 with ramparts, walls, and deep ditches ; and befidcs four 

 large and fix fmall gates, which open and fhut without any 

 vifible interference, it has a fecrct wicket, of curious con- 



6 



, AUG 



flrnftion, for admitting both horfe and foot in the -ight, or 

 in time of war. The town is fupplicd with water from the 

 river Eech, by means of aqnedufls, and of engines and 

 towers, which furnirti a fufficieut quantity for working feve- 

 ral mills of difl"erent foits, for clcunfing the ftreets, and for 

 the domcllic ufcs of the inhabitants. Some of its ftreets 

 are fleep and incommodious; but others are broad and well 

 paved. This city, fince the earlieft periods, had fmall fub- 

 terraneous pafiages under the ilreets, like our fcwers, and 

 the Roman cloaca:, for conveying away filth; and the 

 whole town was paved foon after the year 1415, when a 

 ric'tr merchant fuggeilcd the utility of it by caulmg a foot- 

 patli to be made before his own houfe. Many of the 

 hoafesare built of wood, and others of ftone, and they ferve 

 as fpccimens of the architedlure that prevailed at the period 

 of their conllrudlion; and, compared with other houfcs built 

 in German towns, they exhibit the fuperior improvement 

 and magnificence to which Augftjurg had arrived. The more 

 modern part of this town may be reckoned handfome; many 

 of its churches are ftately edifices, and adorned with curious 

 workmanfnip and paintings. The town-lioufe, completed 

 after fix years' labour, in 1620, is a magnificent edifice, and 

 reckoned little inl'erior to that of Amfterdani. It is a large 

 fquare building of ftone, with a marble portico; at t'ne top 

 of the front, within the pediment, is a large fpread eagle, 

 holding in its talons a iceptre and globe of gilt brafs; the 

 great portal is formed of a beautiful reddifti marble, over 

 which is a balcony of the fame colour, fupporled by two 

 pillars of V. hite marble ; over the gate are two large griffins 

 of brafs; and moft of the rooms are wainfcotted, and cieled 

 with very fine timber. The faloon is 1 10 feet long, 58 

 broad, and 52 high; its roof is fupported by eight columns 

 of red marble; the cieling is conftrutled of polilhed all), 

 and divided into compartments, enriched with gilded fculp- 

 turcs; it is filled with pitlures and other ornaments; and 

 fupported by eight pillars with bafes and chapiters of 

 brafs. In the fquare, near the town-houfe, is the fountain 

 of Auguftus, or a large marble bafon, furrounded with iron 

 ballullrades, with four brafs llatues as large as life at the 

 four corners ; in the middle is a pedellal, having on its top 

 the ftatue of Auguftus, and at the foot are four large 

 fphinxes difcharglng water from their brealls, with four in- 

 fants above them, holding in their arms four dolphins which 

 pour water out of their mouths, and over tliefe infants are fef- 

 toons and pine-apples of brafs. Near this bafon is a foun- 

 tain, called that of Hercules, of an hexagonal form, with 

 fevtral brafs figures, and particularly Hercules engaging the 

 Hydra. Befides the cathedral, which is a large, gloomy, 

 gothic building, with two fpire fteeples, adorned with paint- 

 ings, and opening with a brafs gate, with its fourteen cha- 

 pels; there are fix Roman catholic parochial churches, a 

 fplendid college belonging to the Jeluits, five monafteries, 

 three nunneries, and fix Lutheran parilh churches; and alfo 

 a Lutheran gymnafium, which contains a good library. 

 The Benediftine abbey is a large Gothic building, the ceil- 

 ing of which is faid to be the higheft in Germany ; it is 

 adorned with feveral ftatues and a grand altar. The church 

 of St. Croix furpafles the others in its architefture, 

 fculpture, gilding, and fine fpire. The Imperial Francifcan 

 academy for arts and fciences, was inftituted here in 1775. 

 It is under the p'ottflion of the magillrates, and ils princi- 

 pal aim is to produce good mechanics, and to prefcrve the 

 nianufaftures of the city. The part of the city that was 

 erected in 1519, by the noble family of the Fuggers, who 

 are lords of the adjacent country, and in fomemeafyre endow- 

 ed by them, conlills of ic6 houfes, inhabited by the poor 

 burghers at a low rent ; fome of whom are maintained by 



an 



