AUG 



AUG 



Charleftown, in South Carolina. Its figure is oblong, and 

 it is inttrfeded by four ftreets at right angles. It is well 

 fortified, and has a church and monailery of the order of its 

 name. N. lat. 30°. W. long. 81° 30'. 



Augustine, Cape St., lies on the coaft of Brazil, inthe 

 Atlantic ocean, 300 miles north-eall from the bay of All- 

 Souls. S. lat. 8" 30'. W. long. 35° 40' — Alfo, 'a cape of 

 the Mindanaos iflands in the Ealtern ocean. N. lat. 6° 40'. 

 E. long. 126° 20'. 



Augustine'j, St., a port and river on the coaft; of La- 

 brador, near the ftraits of Btllifle, and oppofite to St. John's 

 bay in Newfoundland. In the harbour are two fmall iflands, 

 and about two miles fouthweft, a chain of little iflands, 

 called " St. Auguiline's chain." It is about 25 miles from 

 Great Mecatinaifland. N. kt. 51° 10'. W. long. 58° 50'. 



Augustine'j i'yua/v, St., a number of fmall iflands on 

 the coaft of Labrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near 

 its mouth. 



Augustine'x, St. Bay, is a commodious bay that lies on 

 the well fide of Madagafcar ifland, near the fouth entrance 

 of the Mofambique channel, between the eaft coaft of Africa 

 and the weft coaft of the ifland. It abounds with fifli, and 

 furniOies a plentiful fupply of beef, mutton, goats, and 

 fowls. S. lat. 23° 35' 29". E. long. 43° 8'. 



AUGUSTINS, or AuGUSTiNiANs, m Ecclefiqflkal Hif- 

 tory, an order of religious ; thus called from St. Auguftin, 

 whole rule they obferve. The Auguftins, properly alfo 

 called Aajl'in Friers, were originally hennits, whom pope 

 Alexander IV. firft congregated into one body, under their 

 general Lanfranc, in 1256. Soon after this inftitution, this 

 erder was brought into England, where they had about 

 thirty-two houfts at the time of their fuppreflion. The 

 Auguftins are clothed in black, and make one of the four 

 orders of mendicants. From thefe arofe a reform, under 

 the denomination of Bare-foot Augujlins, or Minorites, or 

 Friers Minor. 



There are alfo canons regular of St. Auguftin, who are 

 clothed in white, excepting their cope, which is black. 



At Paris they are known under the denomination of Rth- 

 gious 6/"Genevieve ; that abbey being the chief of the order. 



There are alfo nuns and canonefies, who obferve the rules 

 of St. Auguftin. 



AuGusTiNiANS are alfo thofe divines who maintain, on 

 the authority of St. Auguftin, that grace is eiFeclual from 

 its nature, abfolutely and morally, and not relatively and 

 gradually. They arc divided into rigid, and relaxed. 



AUGUSTOBONA, or Augustomana, in Ancient 

 Geography, a city of Gaul, belonging to the Senones, called 

 alfo Civitas Tricafjlum ; now Troves. 



AUGUSTOBRIGA, or Augustobrica, a city of 

 Hifpania Tarragonenfis, in the country of the people deno- 

 minated " Pelendones ;" ealt of Numantia, and north-weft 

 of Bilbilis. 



AUGUSTODUNUM, a famous city of Gaul, the ca- 

 pital of the jEdui ; now Autun. 



AUGUSTOMAGUS, an ancient town of Belgic Gaul, 

 placed, in the Itinerary of Antonine, between Csefaromagus 

 and Suefibne ; now Senlis. 



AUGUSTONOMETUM, a city of Gaul, the capital 

 ©f the Averni ; now Clermont en Awuergne. 



AUGUSTOPOLIS, an epifcopal town of Arabia.— 

 Alfo, a town of Phrvgia Salutaris. 



AUGUSTORlfUM, a town of Gallia Aquitanica, 

 and capital of the Lemovices ; now Limoges. 



AUGUSTOW, in Geography, a town of Poland, in 

 the palatinate of Biclflv, fifty-fix miles N. N. W. of Bichk. 



AUGUSTULUS, or Romulus Augustus, mBiogra- 

 fhy, the lail of the Roraau emperors in the weft, was the Ion 



of Orcftes, who, having depofed JuliusNepoD by means ofthe 

 troops in Gaul, of which he was general, and declining the 

 imperial rank, advanced him to the throne, in the year 476. 

 Oreftes, however, retained the adminiftration on account of 

 the youth of his fon ; but in a year after he had attained the 

 object of his ambition, his tranquillity was interrupted by Odo- 

 acer, a bold barbarian, who put himfelf at the head of thofe 

 mercenaries that formed a part of the armies of Italy. Thefe 

 barbarians had made j peremptory demand, that a third part 

 of the lands of Italy fliould be immediately divided among 

 them ; and Odoacer affurcd his fellow foldiers, that if they 

 dared to aflbciate under his command, they might foon ex- 

 tort the juftice which had been denied to their dutiful peti- 

 tions. Oreftes was foon com.pelled by this confederate band 

 to retire to the ftrong city of Pavia, which was befiegtd, 

 taken, and pillaged. Odoacer, having put Ortftcs to death, 

 proceeded to Ravenna, and feizing the young emperor, Au- 

 guftulus, he ftrippcd him of his imperial enfigns, and obhged 

 him to fignify his refignation to the Roman fenate. The 

 life of this inoffenfive youth was fpared by the generous 

 clemency of Odoacer ; who difmiffed him, with his whole 

 family, from the imperial palace, fixed his annual allowance 

 at fix thoufand pieces of gold, and aftigned the caftle of 

 LucuUus, in Campania, for the place of his exile or retire- 

 ment. Thus, in the perfon of a youth, who united the 

 names of the firft king and firft emperor of Rome, was the 

 Roman empire finally extinguiflied, A. D. 476, orA. D. 

 479 ; about 507 years after the battle of Aftium, when the 

 Roman emperors properly begin ; 523 years after the battle 

 of Pharfaha, when the kingdom of Italy begins; and 1229 

 years from the foundation of Rome. Gibbon's Un. Hift. 

 vol. vi. p. 222. 



AUGUSTUM, in Ancient Geographv, a town of Africa 

 Propria. Ptolem.y. — -•^Ifo, a place of Gallia Narbonnenfis, 

 fourteen miles from Labifco, and fixteen miles eaft from 

 Bere^ufia, upon the Rhone ; now Aojle. 



AUGUSTURSHUNN, in Geography, a town of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and marquifate of 

 Meiffen, near Radeberg. 



ALTGUSTUS, in Biography, a name given firft and by 

 way of eminence to Oftavius Caefar, and afterwards appro- 

 priated to his fucceflbrs. (Sec August.) Caiiis Julius 

 Cis/ar OSa-vianus,' originally called Cains Oetavitis, was the fon 

 of a fenator of the fame name, who had been pr^tor of Ma- 

 cedon, and of Accia, daughter to Julia, the fifter of Julius 

 Ca;far. He was born, during the confulate of Cicero and 

 Caius Antcnius, in the year of Rome, 691. B. C. 63 : at 

 the age of four years he loft his father ; and his mother 

 Accia contrafted a fecond marriage with Lucius Marcus 

 Pliilippus. The charge of his education was entrufted 

 by his mother and father-in-law with the beft mafters 

 in Rome ; and fuch was his proficiency that when he 

 was nine years old, he harangued the people with ex- 

 traordinary confidence, and before he had quite attained 

 the age of twelve, he pronounced the funeral oration of his 

 grandmother Julia. His talents and accomplifliraents re- 

 commended him to Julius Csefar, his great uncle ; who at an 

 early period formed the defign of adopting him, if he 

 died without children. Whilft Oftavius was at Apollonia, 

 improving his powers of eloquence under the fam.ous rhetori- 

 cian, Apollodorus of Pergamus, he received the news of 

 his uncle'o tragical death, and of his own adoption. Although 

 he was din"uadcd by his father and mother, and other timid 

 friends, from declaring either his pretenfions or his refent- 

 ment, he determined to pafs over into Italy without dclav, 

 and to judge for himfelf what m.eafures it would be proper 

 for him to adept. Accordingly he landed at Lupia, now 

 La Rocca, a fmall port between Bruudulium and Hydrun- 



turn. 



