A V I 



folio, at Loiivain, in 1658. The Arabic MSS. of Avicenna, 

 fays Dr. RuflTL-U (Hilt. Aleppo, vol. ii. append, p. 19), are 

 common enough at Aleppo, and are found in feveral of the 

 European libraries. Fncnd's Hiltor\' of Phyfic. Hall. 

 Bib. Med. Praft. et. Bib. Botan. Bru'ckcr's Hill. Phil, by 

 Eiif. vol. ii. p. 241. Fabr. Bibl. Grxc. 1. xiii. c. 9. 



AVICEN'NIA, in Botany, (called after the famous 

 oriental phyfician Avicenna). Lin. g. 1237. Schreb. 1063. 

 Jacq. Amer. 178. t. 112. Juff. loS. Q.W.%, iMynamia an- 

 ^iofpermw.. 'Km. O-.d. Pdr/hnaU. Vitica,}\xi^. Gen. Char. 

 Cal. perianth five-parted, permanent, leaflets fubovate, 

 obtufe, concave, crctt ; increafed by three fcales. Cor. 

 monopetalous ; tube bell-fhaped, fhort ; border bilabiate ; 

 upper lip fqnare, emarginate, flat ; lower trifid ; divifions 

 ovate, equal, flat. Stam. filaments four, fubulate, erect, the tvvo 

 front ones rather fh oiler, bent back to the upper lip; anthers 

 roundifh, twin. P//?. germ ovate ; ftyle fubulate, erect, the 

 length of the (tamens. Sli^ma bifid, acute ; the lower divifion 

 bent down. Pi-r. capfule coriaceous, rhomboidal, com- 

 prefied, one-celled, two-valved ; feed one, large, the form 

 of the capfule, conilructed of fourfltfhy folds, germinating. 



Efi". Gen. Char. Cat. five-parted. Cor. two-lipped ; 

 upper lip fquare. Cap/, coriaceous, rhomboidal, one-fecded. 



Species, i. A., tomentofa, Jacqu. 1. c. Bontia gcrminans, 

 Brown Jam. 263. Mangle, Sloane Jam. 2. 66. Oepata, 

 Rheed. Ma!. 4. t. 45. " Leaves cordate, ovate, tomentofe 

 underneath." This tree is like the mangrove, rifing aboi:t 

 fixteen feet high. Its trunk is covered with fmooth, whitirtl 

 green bark, and the twigs from the Rem propagate the 

 tree like thofe of the mangrove. The leaves appear at the 

 joints of the branches, on very fmall petioles, oppofite, 

 fmooth, foft, having a large dark-green rib ; flowers many, 

 at the top of the branches, white, four-petalled. A native 

 of the Eaft and Weft Indies. 2. A. nitlila. Jacqu. Amer. 

 177. 1. 1 12. f. I. Pia. t.169. " Leaves lanceolate, (hining 

 on both fides." Height foity feet ; leaves fliarp, entire, 

 oppofite, on fhort petioles ; peduncles raccmed, a little 

 branched, terminal ; flowers fefTile, white, with a brown 

 mark on the middle fegment of the under lip. A native of 

 Martinico. 3. A. refr.'.fira. Forft. " Leaves oyate-lan- 

 ccolate, tomentofe underneath." The leaves of this tree 

 are oppofite, petioled, coriaceous, entire, fliarp, fliining 

 above, and having a yellowifh nap beneath ; peduncles ter- 

 minating, fubtrifid, loaded with a head of flowers. A native 

 of New Zealand. The much eileemed green-colourtd gum 

 ufed by the natives of New Zealand, is fuppofed to be the 

 produce of this tree. 



AVICULA, in Conchology, a name afligned by Rump- 

 fius, to that fpecies of Mytilus fince called Mytilus Hi- 

 RUNDO. Linn, and Gmel. 



AVICULARIA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Aranea 

 or fpider that inhabits South America. The thorax :s or- 

 biculated ar,d convex, with a tranfverfe excavation w the 

 centre. This is the largcll fpecies of its genus known ; and 

 is fuch a formidable creature that it not only attacks mfecls, 

 but even fmall birds, dropping from the branches of trees 

 into their uefts and fucking their blood. The fangs are as 

 large as the talons of a hawk ; body brown ; abdomen ob- 

 long ; legs with biown rings. 



AvicuLARiA, a fpecies of HirposcA, with obtufe wings 

 and thorax of one colour, or immaculate. Infefts the body of 

 birds, and particularly fwallows. Degeer. Donov. Bnt. Inl. 



&c 



AVIDA, a fpecies of Ph als:va {NolHiui), that inhabits 

 India. The wings are ftiining brown ; itigmate fpot, and 

 band behind ferruginous ; pofterior wings white. Fabncius. 

 This is of the middle lizc, and bUckilli. 



Vol. in. 



A V I 



AX'IENUS, Ri'Fus Festus, in Biography, a Ijlin 

 poet, lived towards the clofe of the fourth century, under the 

 emperors Gratian and TiieodofiuB. His v/orks' arc traofla- 

 tions in Latin verfe of the " Phaenomena of Aralus ;" and 

 the " Pcriegefis of Dionyfius ;" a defcription in Iambic 

 verfe "Of the Maritime coafts ;" "jtfop's Fables," in 

 elegiac verfe ; " The Allegory of the Sirens ;" " The Hif- 

 tory of Livy," in Iambics ; and the " Fables of Virgil," in 

 the fame kind of verfe ; and a few other pieces. .Some 

 of the former performances are now extant. The bed 

 edition is that of Cannegctier, 8vo. 1731. Gen. Biog. 



AUJEST, in Gtography, a town of Bohemia, ia the 

 circle of Chrudim, five miles north of Politza. 



AUJESTIZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Chru- 

 dim, five miles weft of Lcutmifohl. 



AVIGLIANO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 

 Naples, and province of Otranto, fevcn miles cail of 

 Otranto. 



AviGi-iANO, a town of Italy, in the principality of Pied- 

 mont, and marquifate of Snfa, fituated on a hill near the 

 Cotlian Alps, in an open and expoled filuation ; the air is 

 f^hibrious, and the land about it fertile. The town is forti- 

 fied and defended by a calUc. It contains three parifh 

 churches, and feveral religious houfrs; eleven miles weft of 

 Turin, and twelve E.S.E. of Sufa. N. lat. 44' 40'. E. long. 



AVIGNON, a city of France, the capital of one of its 

 re-united departments, viz. Vauclu se, with the Bouchcs 

 du Rhone, formerly the capital of the county of VenaiCln 

 in Provence, fituate on the eaft fide of the Rhone. Before 

 the revolution, it belonged to the pope, whofe legate refided 

 here, and it was the fee of an aichbifliop, ercflcd in 1475. 

 In the year 1309, the papal fee was transferred to Avignon 

 by pope Clement v.; and this city flouriihed, about feventy 

 years, the feat of the Roman pontiff, and the metropolis of 

 Chriflendom. By land, by fea, and by the Rhone, the 

 pofition of Avignon was on all fides acccfTible ; the fouthern 

 provinces of France arc not inferior eveti to Ita'y; new pa- 

 laces arofe for the accommodation of the pope and eardi.ials ; 

 and the arts of luxury were foon attrafted by the treafures 

 oPthe church. They were already poffefftd of the adjacent 

 territory, the Venaiflin country, a populous and fertile fpot, 

 which had been ceded to the popes, in 1273, by Philip III. 

 king of Frar.ce; and the fovcreignty of Avignon was after- 

 wards purchafed from the youth and diftrcfs of Jane, the 

 firll queen of Naples, and countefs of Provence, for the 

 inadequate price of 80,000 florins. Under the fhadow of 

 the French monarchy, amidft an obedient people, the pcpes 

 enjoyed an honourable and tranquil ftate, to which they had 

 long been llrangers: but Italy deplored their abfence; and 

 Rome, in folitade and poverty, might repent of the un- 

 govemable freedom which had driven from the Vatican the 

 fuccelTor of St. Peter. As the old members of the facred 

 coUcTe died, it was filled with French cardinals, who beheld 

 Rome and Italy with abhorrence and contempt, and perpe. 

 tuated a feries' of national, and even provincial popes, at- 

 tached by indiffoluble ties to their native country. At 

 length the celebrated Petrarch warmly intercfttd himfelf in 

 reftoring the Roman bifliop to his ancient and peculiar dio- 

 cefe; and he addrefled his exhortations to five fucccfTive 

 popes, with an eloquence that v.-as infpircd by the enthufiafm 

 of fentimeut, and the freedom of language. A%ignon, 

 which had become the fink of vice and corruption, was the 

 object of his abhorrence and contempt; and whilft heal- 

 lowed that the fuccclTor of St. Peter was the bifliop of the 

 univerfal church, he was of opinion, that it was not on the 

 banks of the Rhone, but of the Tiber, that the apoftle had 

 Y r fixc4 



