A U L 



caftlf, wa<i an ingenious and poli(hed rran, efteemed and rc- 

 fpcdlcd by all who knew him ; and an elegant writer nj-on 

 his art. He hnd vifited Italy early in his youth, and at his 

 return, havinn; received inllruttions from Gemiiiiani, a bias 

 in his Compofitions for Violins, and in his Elfay on Miilical 

 ExpreiTion, towards thjt mafter, is nianifeft. Ramean was 

 likewife his mod.'l in harpfichord miulc ; and Marcello's 

 pfahns were much over-rated by him, in order to depreciate 

 Handel ; whom he cenlined more by implication than open 

 hoftility. We find in his book, which is elegantly written, 

 and in the prefaces to his mnfical compofitions, many pre- 

 judices, particularly agninil German fymphonies; afciibing 

 "to them the corruption and decay of miific I His com- 

 pofitions for the harpfichord, when played by the late lady 

 Milbanke, and accompanied by Giardiiii, had a pleafing 

 cfFcil. They were formed on the plan of Rameau's con- 

 certos, as thofe for violins were on the concertos of Ge- 

 miniani ; and there was the f ime difference between them in 

 point of excellence, as is always difcovcrable between an 

 original production, and an imitation. 



His violin concertos were revived, after they became of 

 age, at the concert of ancient mufic ; where 20 years arc the 

 period which renders mufical compofitions venerable. Here 

 thev are Hill played in turn with thofe of Corelli, Gcmi- 

 niani, Handel, and San Martini ; with wliofe produdtions, 

 however, they but ill fupport a parallel : they want force, 

 eorrciSnefs, and originality, fnfficient to be ranked very high 

 ■among the works of mafters of the firfl clafs. 



AVITUS, Sextus Alcimus Ecdicius, a Chriftian 

 divine, bifiiop of Viennc in France, was nephew to Marcus 

 Mscilius Avitus, emperor of the Weft, and flouriihedat the 

 beginning of the fixth century. He fucceedcd his father Ify- 

 chius in the fee of Vienne, in the year 490. He was the 

 friend of Clovis, the firft Chrillian king of Fiance, and 

 contributed to his converfion. As a zealous opponent of 

 tbe Arians, he reclaimed Gondebaud, king of the Bur- 

 gnndians, from his connexion with this feft, to the 

 Catholic faith ; he prefided in the council of Epaon in 

 517, and in that of Lyons in 523, in which year he died. 

 He wrote 87 letters on fubjefts that formed the difputes of 

 the age in which he lived, fermons, and poems on the Mo- 

 faic hiftory, and in praife of virginity. His ftyle is faid 

 to have been harfh, obfcure, and intricate. His works were 

 puhlifhed by Sirmond in 8vo. with notes, in 1643. Flis 

 poems have been printed feparately at Frankfort, in 1507, 

 at Paris in 1509, and at Lyons in 1536. Cave HilL Lit. 

 vol. i. p. 461. Nouv. Did. Hirt. 



AViUS, in Entomology, a fpecies of Papilio (Hefpena, 

 Fabr.), with entire wings, above and beneath brown, with 

 two blue (Ireaks near the tip. This infeit inhabits India. 



AVIZE, in Geography, a town of F.?.:;ce, in the depart- 

 ment of the Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftrift of Epernay, fix leagues fouth of Rheims. 



AUK, orAwK, m Ornithology. See Alca. 



AUKEB, the Arafric name of the great eagle. 



AUKLAND, or Bishop Aukland, in Geogrnphy. 

 See Auckland. 



AUL. See Awl. 



AITLA, in our Ancient Latu Booh, fignifics a court 

 baron — Aula iliiiem tenta quarto die Aiigujl, &c. 



Aula ecckfu is fometimes ufed for what we now call nav'ts 

 tcclefte. See Nave. 



Aula reg'm, or reght a court eftablifhed by WilHam the 

 Conqueror in his own hall, compofed of the king's great 

 ofKcers of ftatc, who refided in his palace, and were ufually 

 attendant on his perfon. Thcfe were the lord high 

 conftable and lord marefchal, who chiefly prefided ia mat- 



AUL 



ters of honour and of arms, determining according to the 

 law military and the law of nations ; the lord high lleward, 

 and lord great chamberlain ; the lleward of the houfchold ; 

 the lord chancellor, whofe peculiar office it was to keep 

 the king's feal, and examine all fuch writs, grants, and let- 

 ters, as were to pafs under that authority ; and the lord 

 high treafurcr, who was the principal advifer in all matters 

 rtLting to the revenue. Thefe high officers were afiifted 

 by certain perfons learned in tiic laws, who were called the 

 king's jnlliciars or juftices ; and by the greater barons of 

 parliament, all of whom had a feat in the " Aula Regia," 

 and formed a kind of court of appeal, or rather of advice, 

 in matters of great moment and difficulty. All thefe, in their 

 feveral departments, trai:fafied all fccular bufmcfs both crimi- 

 nal and civil, and likewife the matters of tiie revenue; and 

 over all prefided one fpecial magi'lrate, called the chief 

 jufticiar, or " capitalis julHciarius totius Angliie ;" who 

 was alfo the principal minlller of ilate, the fecond man in 

 the kingdom, and by virtue of his office guardian of the 

 realm in the king's abfence. This great officer principally 

 determined the va!l variety of caufes that arofc in his ex- 

 tenfive jniifdiclion ; and from the plenitude of his power, 

 he became obnoxious to the people, and dangerous to the 

 • government which employed him. This formidable tribu- 

 nal, which received appeals from all the courts of the barons, 

 and decided in the laft refort on the ellates, honour, and 

 lives of the barons themfelves ; and which, being wholly 

 compofed of the great officers of the crown, removeable at 

 the king's pleafure, and having the king himlclf for pre- 

 fident, kept the firtl nobleman in the kingdom under the 

 fame control as the meanell fubjefl. 



This great univtrfal court being bound to follow the 

 king's houfehold in all his progrefies and expeditions, the 

 trial of common caufes was found very burthenfome to the 

 fubjeft ; and, therefore, king John, who alfo dreaded the 

 power of the jufticiar, very readily confented to. that article, 

 which now forms the 1 ith chapter of Magna Charta, and 

 enafts, " that commuma plac'ita non fe quant ur curiam regis, fed 

 tenenntur in aliquo certo loco.'" This certain place was c!la- 

 bliflied in Weftminfter-Hall, the place where the " aula 

 regis" originally fate, when the king refided in that 

 city ; and there it hath ever fince continued. The 

 court being thus rendered fixed and ftationary, the judges 

 becam.e fo too, and a chief, with other juftices of the Com- 

 mon Pitas, was thereupon appointed ; w ith jurifdittion to 

 hear and determine all pleas of land, and injuries merely 

 civil between one fubjeft and another. The ■' aula regia" 

 being thus ftripped of fo confiderable a branch of its jurif- 

 diftion, and the power of the chief juiliciar being alfo 

 confiderably curbed by many articles in the Great Charter, 

 the authority of both began to decline apace under the 

 long and troublefome reign of king Henry III. In pur- 

 fuance of this example, the other feveral offices of the 

 chief jufticiar were, under Edward I. (who new modelled 

 the whole frame of our judicial polity), fubdivided and 

 broken into diftinft courts of judicature. Blaekft. Com. 

 vol. i. p. 38 — 40. De Lolme on the Conftitution of Eng- 

 land, p. 14, &c. See the articles Court of Common Pleas^ 

 of Exchequer, and of King's Bench, &c. &c. 



Aula, in Geography. See Avcla. 



Aula, in Ancient Geography, a place of Peloponnefus, 

 in Arcadia, where was a temple dedicated to the god 

 Pan. 



AULADIS, a town of Afia, in Mefopotamia. Ptc- 

 lemy. 



AULiE, a part of Afia, in Cilicia,. between Tarfus atjd 

 Anchiale. Suidas,. 



AUL/EI 



