A U R 



'fcils, of fome livily colour or other, and fluttering about 



in the rare and pi •ariiig element afligned to them. Tlity 



are fportive and happy in themfelves, and \vell-\vi(hers to 



mankind. 



AURAGO, in Enlomohgy, a fpecies of Phal;e>ia 



{NoSiia) that inhabits Aullria. The wings are brownirti ; 



fplafh at the bafe, and broad band in the middle, yellow. 



Hybner, Gmtl. &c. 



ilVRAINVILLE, in Geography, a town of France, in 



the department of the Meuite, and chief place of a canton 



in the diftrict of Toul ; two leagues north of Toul. 



AURAN, a town of Arabia, fixty miles fuuth of Da- 



mafcus. 



AURANA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Phal.^na 



(Tor/ris'j, with brown wings, and two golden-yellow fpots 

 ill each. Fabricius. Donov. Brit. Inf. 



AuRAXA, Laurana, or Braiia, in Geography, one of the 

 mod delightful places of Dalmatia, in the county of Zara, 

 on a lake of the fame name. It had formerly a rich convent 

 of Benediftines, ivhofe revenues were, about the year 1217, 

 alienated i:i favour of the knights templars, by Andrew II. 

 king of Hungary, who inftituted a commanderie in this 

 place. About this time the place was fortilied. The 

 fuburbs are large. It continued for fome time in the 

 hands of the Turks; but, in 16S4, they were difpofleffed 

 of it. 



AVRANCHES, Abricant^e, or Ahrkit, or Alrican- 

 t.iriim opp'idum, a city of France, and principal town of a 

 diftricl in the department of the Channel, feated on an 

 eminence near the river See. Before the revolution, it was 

 the fee of a biihop, fuffragan of Rouen. Befides the cathe- 

 dral, which Hands on a hill, terminating abruptly, it had 

 three parifh churches, a convent, a college, a public fchool, 

 and an hofpital. This is a veiy ancient town, and, before 

 the county of Bretagne was united to the crown of France, 

 it was called the " Boulevard of France;" but when the 

 Bretons made themfelves mafters of it, they deftroyed 

 its fortifications, in 1203. Thefe were rebuilt in the 

 reign of St. Louis. Here, it is faid, Henry II. of Eng- 

 land received abfolution from the pope's nuncio for the 

 murder of St. Thomas a Becket, in 1 1 72; and the ftonc 

 on which he kneeled during the ceremony is flill fhewnj to 

 ftrangers; and on it is engraved a chalice, in commemoration 

 of the event. The ruins of the caftle are extenfive, and near 

 it is an extent of fertile country, abounding in grain and 

 orchards, which produce the bed cider in this part of 

 France. N. lat. 48° 41' 18". W.long. i°22'38'. 



AURANTIA, in Con:hology, a fpecies of Voluta, of 

 a tapering fliape, and orange colour; the firft four whorls 

 are fafciatcd with white; lip denticulated, and four plaits on 

 the pillar. Gmelin. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of Patella, the fiiell of which is 

 ovate, folid, citron colour, with brown waves; elevated, 

 crowded, wrinkled llriaf, and white bottom. Native country 

 unknown. Schr^t. n. Litt. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of OsTREA. The (hell is fubro- 

 tund, plaited, and finely ilriated longitudinally, with a femi- 

 circular while band near the hinge. Native country un- 

 known. Regenf. Conch. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of Venus, with an orbicular 

 orange-coloured Hull. This (hell is two inches long, and 

 two mches and a quarter in breadth. Its native countr)- is 

 unknown. 



AuRANTiA, in Ornithology, a fpecies of LoxiA, of an 

 orange colour ; crown black ; wing and tail-feathers black, 

 edged with orange. Gmelin. 



The length of this bird is four inches and a half; bill 

 Vol. III. 



A U R 



du/l<y ; fome of the inner quill-rcalhers edgf d with white ; Ic^i 

 pale red. In the female, the whole of the head and forc-part 

 of the body are white ; the reft dull orange. Inhabit* the ifle 

 of Bourbon. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of MficiCAPA, called by Latham 

 orange-breaded fly-catcher, and gobe-mouche roux a poitrine 

 orar.gee de Cayenne by Bufrcii. The colour is rufou5, 

 tindlured in parts with green; beneath white; brcaft 

 orange; head and nape greenilli brown ; quill-feathers black, 

 fdgcd with rufous. Gmelin. Ler.gth of this kind four in- 

 ches and three quarters; bill flat and bread; tail rufous; 

 kgs pale. Dr. Latham informs us, in his Gen. Om., that 

 it frequents the Ikirts of woods, and the favannahs; and 

 is perhaps a fcarce fpecies, only a fingle fpccimen of it hav- 

 ing been brought to Europe. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of Motacilla that inhabits the 

 cape of Good Hope. It is brown above, beneath orange; 

 chin whitidi, varied below with black; larger wing and tail- 

 coverts white; tail-feathers brown, lateral ones tipped with 

 white. Th\sh ihi: orange-lreaficd 'uiarbUr oil^zXhvim. Length 

 fix inches. 



AuRANTiA, a fpecies of Certhia, called by Latham 

 the orange-breajled creeper. It is green ; beneath yellowiHi, 

 bread orange; wings and tail black. Length four inches ; 

 bill black; legs djjfi^y. Inhabits Suriuam, and was Erft 

 dilcovered by Mr. Smeathman. 



AuRANTiA, in Zookgy, a fpecies of Rana, defcribed by 

 Dr. Shaw, as being of an orange-colour, with very flender 

 body and limbs. This is a native of South America, and is 

 of a fmaller fize than the European tree-frog ; it inhabits trees. 



AURANTII Cortex, in /"Wma^jf, orange-peel. The 

 aurantium Hifpalenfe, or Seville orange, is the only one of 

 this fpecies which is employed in pharmacy. 



The outer yellow rind of the fruit is a grateful aromatic 

 bitter, highly tdeemed as a ftomachic. It is kept in the (hops, 

 dried with a gentle heat. It contains a large portion of 

 aromatic effential oil, which admirably incrcafes the domachic 

 power, and renders it highly grateful to the tafte. The 

 virtue of the orange-peel is readily extraifled by proof fpirit ; 

 and accordingly this is the form in which it is ufually em- 

 ployed. The" London college have ordered a iimple tinc- 

 ture of this fubftance {^tindura aurantu eortias), in the pro- 

 portion of three ounces to a quart of proof fpirit. It is alfo 

 employed in feveral of the compound tindures, fuch as 

 Huxham's tinfture of bark, to give an agreeable flavour, 

 and to add to the ftomachic virtue. A fynip of a very 

 grateful flavour is alfo prepared, by diflblving cfie requifitc 

 proportion of fugar in a ftrong infuCon of the peel. Set 

 Citrus Aurantium. 



AURANTIUM, in Botany. See Citrus. 



Aurantium, in A'jturnl Hi/lory, a fpecies of Ascidia, 

 of a fomewhat globofe ftiape, with a fcarltt pouch, and co- 

 vered with rough hardilli dots; papilla; tenninal, cylindrical, 

 and rugofe. This kind is defcribed by Pallas; it inhabit! 

 the fea about the Kurilc iflands, adhering by its bafe t» 

 (hells and ftones; and is about the fize of an orange. 



Aurantium, the fpecific name afligned by Pallas to 

 that fpecies of Alcosium, called by Gmelin lyncurhim. 



AURANTIUS, in Entomology, a fpecies of Cimex 

 found in China and Java. It is of an orange colour; head, 

 anterior margin of the thorax, fpots on the margin of the 

 abdom.en, and the legs, black. Stoll. Fabr. Donov. Inf. 

 China, &c. 



A u R A s T I u s Pij'is, in Ichthyology, a name given by Nierem- 

 berg to a fiih of tlic corypkaena genus, called the dorado, and 

 fuppofed to be of the fpecies equifjis, Gmelin; or perhaps 

 hippurus. 



Z Z AuRAN- 



