A U R 



the garnet-thrcated hmr.ming-bird. The colour is golden- 

 green ; chin, throat, and breall golden-red ; belly black. 

 Gmchn. — Obf. There is a variety of this brilliantly coloured 

 fpecies, in which the cheeks, nape, and chin are of a golden- 

 red ; and the head and body of a dark gloify green. The 

 latter is called ^i^nna/ by Biiffon ; and it nieafured five inches 

 in length, being half an inch more than the firll mentioned 

 kind. — The legs and bill are black, and in the female, the 

 chin, throat, and bread are golden-green. 



AuRATus Eques. See Eques. 



AURAY, in Geography, a iea-port town of France, in 

 the department and in the gulf of Morbihan, and principal 

 place of a dillricl ; at the mouth of a river of tlie fame name. 

 N. lat. 47° 48'. W. long. 2° 50'. 



AURBACH,a townof Germany,in thecirclc of Bavaria, 

 and Upper Palatinate ; thirty miles north-eall of Nuremberg. 



AURBURG, a town and caiUe of Germany, in Upper 

 Bavaria ; four miles north of KufTstein. 



AURE, a river of France, which niris into the Eure, 

 near Anet. 



AUREA, in Coiichology, a fpecies of Venus of a fuborbi- 

 cular form, golden, inequilateral, with crowded, minute, 

 tianfverfe ilriae. Lifter, Gmelin. Inhabits Europe. 



AuREA, in Entomology, a fpecies of Leptura, defcribed 

 by Degeer. The colour is greenilh gold , thorax fpinous j 

 two black longitudinal ftripes on the wing-cafes ; thighs 

 rufous. About two-thirds of an inch in length. 



AuREA, a fpecies of Melok {Mylabris) of a green-gold 

 colour, with fulvous wings. Length one third of an inch. 

 Degeer. Native country unknown. 



Aurea, a fpecies of Cicada [Cercoph Sec.) of an alh- 

 colour, gloffed with gold, fliining, and without fpots. This 

 is of the middle fize, and inhabits Cayenne. 



Aurea, in Onntholagy, a fpecies of Paradisea, about 

 the fize of the turtle-dove. It is crefted ; crown, cheeks, 

 and chin violaceous and fliining ; throat, breaft, and fpot 

 on the neck, golden-green. Gmelin. li\\\i\i I'oifeau paradis 

 a gui'ge dorcc of Sonnerat ; Jiji!et on mancode a JJx Jilcts of 

 Buffon ; and gold-brealled bird of paradife of Latham. 



The bill ii blackifli ; irides yellow ; plumage very brilliant ; 

 legs blackilh; beneath each wing arife long black feathers, 

 which fall over the wings, when the bird is at reft ; the webs 

 of thefe feathers are loofe like thofe of the oftrich. From the 

 mutilated ftate in which the ikins of thefe birds are fent to 

 Europe, thefe feathers are not always obfcrvable in fpecimens 

 of this fpecies: BufFon mentions a figure of it publiflied by 

 M. Marvi, in which even the creft is wanting. This kind 

 inhabits New Guinea. 



Aurea, a fpecies of Loxia th;it inhabits Bcngucla. It 

 is of a black colour ; back giilden ; wing coverts pale 

 brown, fpottcd with black. Tliis bird is the golden-backed 

 finch of Brown ; and gold-backed groibeaic of Latham. 

 According to the laft author, it is fix inches in length ; bill, 

 head, and neck, deep black; the feathers not velvety, as in the 

 Cape gro/beak ; breaft and belly black ; legs bluilh ; rump 

 and upper tail-coverts yellow ; the latter fringed with a dufiiy 

 colour ; and all the tail feathers very pale at the edges. 



Aurea ylkxandrina, in Pharmacy, a compound opiate 

 confeftion, much in repute among the ancient phyficians, 

 but now entirely difufed, hke all the other medicines of this 

 clais : it was corfidercd as a powerful alexipharmic, or anti- 

 dote to poifon. 



AUREC, in Civgrnphy, z town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Upper Loire, and chief place of a canton in the 

 diftrift of Moniftrol ; three leagues fonth-weft of St. Etienne, 

 and if north of Mo:iilhol. 



AURELIA, in Ealomology, atermcmployedbynaturalifts, 



A U R 



about the middle of the laft century, to exprcfs that inter- 

 mediate ftate in which all lepidopterous, and moft other in- 

 fefts, remain for feme time, between the caterpillar form and 

 the period in which they are furnifhed with wings, with 

 antennx, and other organs appertaining to the pcrfctt infcdt. 

 Aurelia and chryfalis are fynonynious words, both alluding 

 to the metallic or golden fplendor of the cafe in which the 

 creature, during that ftate, is contained. This brilliant ap- 

 pearance, it mull be obferved however, fecms confined alone 

 to infects of the papilio or butterfly tribe ; and it is even 

 peculiar only to certain kinds of tliofe ; fo that the terms 

 aurelia and ehryfahs are altogether inapplicable, in a general 

 manner, to infects in that ftate. Among entomologifts of 

 the higher clafs, thefe terms have been long fince dilcarded 

 in favour of the more cxprefUve one pupa, which Linnseua 

 had adopted in their ftead ; a term implying that the iiileft, 

 like an infant, yet remains in its fwadjling clothes ; and 

 nothing can be more applicable than this comparative allu- 

 fion, while the tender iiifcdl yet remains inveloped in the 

 drapery of its membranaceous covering ; a creature now ex- 

 pofed to every danger, and yet unable to defend itfelf from 

 the (lighteft harm; in hclpltis infancy it muft wait the more 

 complete formation of its limbs, and new acceffion of ftrength, 

 ere it can burft from thefe, its trammels of youtli, and ap- 

 pear what nature had ultimately defigncd it for — a mature 

 and perfcft creature. — See. Entomology, and Pupa. 



The term aurelia is ftiil retained by fome few praftical 

 entomologifts in this country ; or, in other words, by thofe 

 who amufe themfelves with collecting and breeding infcfts, 

 without regarding them fcientifically ; and perfons, engaged 

 in this agreeable purfuit, occafionally denominate themlclves 

 Aurelians. The word chryfalis is in more general ufe than 

 its [Jiecife meaning can juftify ; that of aurelia, as before 

 remarked, is nearly obfolete. The current denominations 

 of an infe£l in the pupa ftate among the French naturalifts, 

 are nympha, or nymphe, and chryfalide. 



" The Aurelian" waslikewife the title which Mofes Har- 

 ris gave to his well-known folio work on Infefts ; a wretched 

 plagiarifm from the beautiful etchings of Ammiral, which 

 had been publifhed a ihort time before in Holland ; and in 

 W'hich Harris, by a fingnlar good fortune, not only efcapcd 

 detection, but actually acquired that very celebrity as a deli- 

 neator of infefts, which attaches an importance to his me- 

 mory in the prefent day-. 



Aurelia, in Natural Hyiory, a fpecies of Parame- 

 cium [vermes vifiiforia), of an oblong form, plaited longitu- 

 dinally on the anterior part. Miill. Hermann, &c. Hill dcf- 

 cribes it thus ; paramtcium cor pore Juhohloiigo medium verfus 

 angujlo. It is found in p-rtat abundance in ditch water, and 

 vegetable infufions, about the month of June ; it is membra- 

 naceous ; breadth one fourth of the length ; anterior part 

 obtufe, hyahne ; pofterior part filled witli molecules of va- 

 rious fizes ; longitudinal fold extending from the middle to 

 the front of the head. 



AUREI^IAN, in Biogmphy, a Roman emperor, was a 

 native of Sirmium, in Pannonia. His fatlier cultivated the 

 lands which a Roman fenator, called Aurelius, poli'eirtd in 

 the country where he lived ; and his mother was a prieftefs 

 of the fun, and pretended to divination. Aurelian was from 

 his youth diilinguilhed by- his ftrtngth and courage, and ad- 

 dicted to militarv exercifes and atchievcmcnts. On this 

 career he entered betimes; and, from his warlike paflion and 

 exploits, he obtained, by way of diflinftion from another 

 Aurelian, the name of " Aurelianus manu ad ferrum," 

 or " Aurelian fword in hand ;" as he was ready on all oc- 

 cafions to draw his fword, and encounter the enemy. He 

 is faid to have killed v>ith his own iiand forty-eight Sar- 



matians 



