A U R 



A U R 



in his camp, whicli formed a kind of moving city. It is 

 dsfcribed by the curious traveller Bcrnier, who followed it 

 from Dehli to Calhmir. The jrviard of cavalry confined of 

 35,000 men, that of infantry' of 10,000. The mimber of 

 horfes, mules, and elephants, was computed at 150,000 ; of 

 camels and oxeo at 50,000 each ; and of pirfoiis between 

 300,000 and 400.OCO. Almoft all Dehli followed the court, 

 whofe magnificence fupported the induftry of its .traders and 

 artifans. 



Aurencj-Zebe fixed his rcfidence, when in winter quarters, 

 at Ahmednagur in tiie Deccan ; and her? he died, February 

 21ft, 1707, in the 90th year of his age. Accordiifr to 

 the direftions of his will, he was buried i;i the cell of a holy 

 dervife near this city : and as he profclfcd great zeal for 

 Mahometanifm, the votaries of this religion deem it a me- 

 ritorious pilgrimage to vifit his tomb, particularly on the 

 28th of the month Zeccadih, the day on which he died. 

 In his will, after making this declaration, " I came naked 

 into the world, and n:iked I go out of it," he prohibits any 

 enfigns or royal pomp to accompany his funeral, and any 

 concern to be manifeited by his fortunate children about a 

 monument ; and he orders 1000 rupees, about 125 1. to be 

 diftributed among the poor at his funeral. Aureng-Zebe 

 forefaw the contefts that would arife between his fons for 

 the empire ; and it has been aflerted that he made a parti- 

 tion of it among them. His will exprcfsly intimates, that 

 he had made a divifion among his children, for preventing 

 C infufion and bioodlhed ; and he fays, that as there were 

 two imperial feats, Agra and Dehli, whoever fettled in 

 Agra might have the provinces thereof, Deccan, Malva, 

 and Guzerat ; and he who refided at Dehh, might have 

 Cabul and the other provinces. Neverthelefs, two letters, 

 written by Aureng-Zebe to two of his fons a few days before 

 his death, cited by major Rennell, indicate no intention of 

 dividing the empire, but exprefs in doubtful terms his ap- 

 prehenlion of a civil war. Thefe letters furnilh this ftrik- 

 ing lefTon to frail mortality, that however men may forget 

 themfelves during the tide of profperity, a day of ' recol- 

 lettion ' will inevitably com.e fooner or later. Here we 

 are prefentcd with the dying confcflion of an aged monarch, 

 who made his way to the throne bv the murder of his bre- 

 thren, and the imprifonment of his father, and who, after 

 being in peaceable pofTeffion of it, perfecuted the moft in- 

 offenllve part of his fubjecls, either through bigotry or hy- 

 pocrify. Here we behold him in the aft of rcfigning that, 

 to obtain pofTcffion of which he incurred his guilt ; and pre- 

 fcnted to us as a mere linful man, trembling on the verge of 

 eternity ; equally deploring the pad, and dreading the fu- 

 ture. How awful muft his fituation appear to hnn, when 

 he fays, ' wherever I look, I fee nothing but the Divinity.' 



Aureng-Zebe left four fons; Mauzum, afterwards em- 

 peror, under the title of Bahadcr Shah ; Azem, and 

 Kaum Bukfh, who fevcrally conteiUd the empire with their 

 elder brother ; and Akbar, who had rebelled againft his 

 father, and fled to Perfia. The death of their father was 

 the fignal of hoftilitv between Mauzum and Azem ; the 

 former approached from Cabul, and the latter from the 

 Deccan, and cifputed the poflcffion of the whole empire 

 (for Azem had propofed a partition of it), with armies 

 of about 300,000 men each. Near Agr.i it was decided 

 by a battle, and tlie death of A/em. Mauzum was pro- 

 claimed eniperor, and reigned between five and fix vears. 

 In the courfe of fifty years after the death of Aureng-Zebe, 

 a fucceffion of weak princes and wicked miuiilers annihil- 

 ated the extenfive and mighty empire which he had efla- 



bUlhed. ,-.*,. 



Aureno-.Zebe polL-ffed many talents which qualified hun 

 VoL°. III. 



for governing a large empire. He was fober, aflive, and 

 refolute, and though he was not fcrupulous as to the meani 

 by which he acquired power, he was generally mild in the 

 exercife of it ; but he allowed his fjbordiuate governors and 

 omiahs to opprefs the people with impunity. lu the ob- 

 fevvance of the outward ceremonies of religion, he was ri- 

 gidly exafl; ; and his z-.-al for making profelvtes, whatever 

 were the views in which it originated, led him to adopt 

 meafures of violence and pcifccution. In his drcfj, h:: wai 

 plain ; in his ir.(jde of living, abllcmious ; in his ordinarjr 

 occupations, when his miiitTiry cr.terprifcs afibrdcd him in- 

 tervals of Icifure, he condefcended to employ himfelf in 

 makingcaps, whichlie diftributcd among the great l<)rd^ ofhis 

 court. The traveller Gcmclli Cnrrcri, who faw him in 

 1695, gives the following d-fcription cf his perfon. "He 

 was of a low ftature, with a large iiofe, a white beard, and 

 olive complexion. He was (lender, and (looping with age, 

 and fupported himfelf < n a (laff ; yet he cr.dorfcd petirio:ii 

 without fptftacies, and by his cheerful countenance feerred 

 pleafed with doing bufiaefu ?.t a public audience." F'af;.-r'» 

 Hiltory of Nadir S'lah, &c. p. 29 — 39. Renntll's Memoir 

 of a Map of Hindoffan, i.itrod. p. 61 — C4. Mod. Un. 

 Hill. vol. v. p. 426 — 449. 



AUREOLA, the crown of glor)-, given by painters and 

 ftatuaries to faints, martyrs, and confcflbrs, as a mark of the 

 vidory which tliey have obtained. 



F. Sirmond fays, this cuftom was borrowed from the hea- 

 thens, who ufed to encompafs the heads of their deities with 

 fuch rnvs. 



AUREOLARIA, jn EntomoJcgv, a fpecies of Phal«- 

 NA [Geomdra), of a fmall Cze, that inhabits Germany, 

 The wings are deep yellow, with three ftreaks and the mar- 

 gin brown. Fabricius. 



AUREOLUS, Manius Acimus, in Blrgraphy, a na- 

 tive of Dacia, was advanced from the humble occupation of 

 a (hepherd, by enhlling in tlie Roman army, to the command 

 of a body of cavalry, and dillinguiflied hin-.felf by the fer. 

 vice he performed to the emperor Gallienus, in 3 battl; 

 againft: the rebel Ingenuus. Whilll he commanded in Illy, 

 ricuin, he defeated Macrianus, who affuraed the purp!e, and 

 continued to maintain a partial attachment to Galhenus. 

 At length, A. D. 26S, a confiderable army, llationed on the 

 Upper Danube, invcdcd with the imperial purple their leader 

 Aureolus ; who, dildaining a confined and barren reign over 

 the mountains of Rhstia, palTed the Alps, occupied Milan, 

 threatened Rome, and challenged Gallienus to diipute in the 

 field the fovereis;nty of Italy. Defeated by the emperor in 

 a battle near Milan, Aureolus retired into the city ; and dur- 

 ing the fiege, he contrived to form a confpiracy in the be- 

 fieging army of Gallienus, which terminated in his death. 

 Upon the acccfTion of Claudius II., Aureolus was compelled 

 to deUver up the city and himfelf to the difcrttion of the 

 new emperor. The judgment of the army pronounced him 

 worthy of death ; and Claudius, after a feeble refulance, 

 confcnted to the execution of the fentence. Crevier's HilU 

 Emp. vol. ix. p. 77, &c. Gibbon's Hiil. vol. ii. p. 2—7. 



AuRFOLUs, in Entomology, a fpecies of Scarab.tvs, of 

 a depreffcd ar.d fomewhat angulatcd iliape, and powdered 

 with gold ; thorax and fhells dotted with black. Inhabiu 

 Dauria. Palia?. 



AuRroLus Pons, noV Pes ti role, in Gfoziaphy, a 

 bridge of Italy over the Adda, 1 3 miles from Bergamo, and 

 ^2 from Milan, near which th.e ufurper Aureolus was de- 

 feated by the army of the enipei-or Gallienus. Near this 

 place, in 1 703, the obftinate battle of CafFano was fought 

 between the French and the Aullrians. 



AURESS, AuRE/., orEvREs, Jibbed, the name gives 

 3 A O 



