A U R 



to the mons AuraHus of tlie ir.idrfle age, and tlie irons Au- 

 dus of Ptolemy, bcin^j a part of the Atlas, extending 

 fouthward from Conftantina, quite to Bilediilgerid. See 

 AuDus. 



AURETTE, a river of France, which runs into the 

 Eure, near Bourges. 



AUREUS, \\i Entnmohgy, a fpecics of Staph ylinus, 

 that inhabits Siam. The liead, thorax, and wing-calts, are 

 covered with yellowifh or golden down ; abdomen black, 

 fafciated with a(h-colour. Fabricius, &c. 



Aureus, Mons, in Geography, a mountain of Mccfia 



Prima, near the Danube And alfo, a town of the fame 



name at the foot of it on the fame river — Alfo, a mountain 

 of the northern part of tlie illand of Corfica, the ridge of 

 which runs out to the north-eaft and fouth-eail, and forms 

 :i kind of elbow. The emperor Probus planted vines on 

 this mountain. Ptolemy. 



Aureus, m Ichthyology, a very fplendid fpecies of Ch;e- 

 TODON, figured and defcribed by Bloch in his Hiftory of 

 Filhes, under the title of C. aureus, and la bandouliere do- 

 ree. This author acquaints us, that he found the drawing 

 of this fpecies amongft the defigns of father Plumier, and 

 tliat it inhabits the Antilles, but of its hillory he is entirely 

 ignorant. 



The body is of an oval form, golden-yellow colour, and 

 covered with hard denticulated fcales ; the mouth is fniall, 

 lips ftrong, and jaws furnifhed with fetaceous teeth; gill- 

 cover of a fingle piece ; lateral line rather arched ; fins yel- 

 low, green at the end ; pcftoral and tail tin rounded, the 

 ethers falcated ; in the dorfal fin twelve rays. — It is fpecifi- 

 cally dillinguifhcd by being of a golden colour, and having 

 a fpine near the cheek bone. Gmelin, Bloch, &c. 



Aureus, \\\ Natural H'ljhry, a fpecies of Limax, that 

 inhabits trees in Denmark and Norway, and defcribed by 

 Miill- as being yellow, and without fpots. This creature is 

 an inch and a half in length ; beneath white ; feelers, and a 

 line between them, black. 



AvREUS, in Ornithology, a fpecies of Oriolus in the 

 Linnsan fyftem, and Paradife bird in that of Latham. A 

 bird that is fuppofed to inhabit New Guinea. General co- 

 lour tawny yellow, with the frontlet, chin, edges of the 

 wings, and tail black. — Ol>f. The length of this bird is 

 eight inches ; bill an inch long, and rather bent ; (hafts of 

 the tail feathers, and fringe, near the tip yellow. This is 

 the golden paradife bird of Latham ; le troupiale des Indes 

 of Briflbn ; and le roUier de paradis of BufFon. 



Aureus, a fpecies of Psittacus, that inhabits Brafil, 

 and is called by Englifh naturalifts the golden-crowned par- 

 rakeet. This kind is green, with the'cere and orbits blueifh- 

 fle(h colour ; crown golden ; an oblique blue band on the 

 wing-coverts. Gmelin. BrifT. calls it pfittaca Brafilienfis ; 

 and Bufi". perruche couronee d'or. 



Aureus, in Zoology, the fpecies of Canis ufually called 

 the Jackal ; an a..imal about the fize of a middling dog, 

 and fpecifically dillinguifhed by having a ilraight tail, and 



body pale fulvous. Schrcber Saeugth Gmel. &c. Kasmp- 



fer calls it lupus aureus ; Valent. vulpes Indise Orientahs ; 

 BrlfT. adil ; BufFon, chacal, adive ; Vofmaer, chien fauvage 

 Indien ; and Gmei. and Penn. fchakall, &c. 



This animal inhabits the warmtiparts of Afia and Afri- 

 ca, lurking among the woods and mountains in the day time, 

 and venturing out in fearch of prey only dunng the night ; 

 when they afTemble together in herds to the amount of two 

 or three hundred, and indifcriminately attack and devour the 

 lefTer kinds of animals and birds ; and will occafionally eat alfo 

 certain kinds of vegetables. The voice of the jackal is 

 defcribed as peculiarly hideous, conMing of a kind of hgwU 



A U R 



ing and indiftinft barking ; and when they hurt in troops, 

 by their dreadful yellings alarm and put to flight deer, ante- 

 lopes, and other timid quadrupeds ; while the lion, inllinc- 

 tivcly attending to the cLmvjuri is faid to follow till the 

 jackals have hunted down the prey, and having fatiated 

 hirafelf, leaves only the manglci' remains to be devoured by 

 the jackals. It is for this reafon. Dr. Shaw obfcrves, that 

 the jackal is popularly termed tlie lion's provider. When 

 prefied by hunger, jackals have been frequently known to 

 enter towns, and devour indifcriminately whatever animal 

 fubllance they can fuid. They commit ravages among the 

 floAs, kill fowls, &c. and have been known to attack man- 

 kind. 



There is great reafon, according to Dr. Shaw, for fuppof. 

 ing this animal to be the real origin of the dog, fince al- 

 moll: all its manners and propenlities are tlie fame. When 

 taken young, it is eafily tamed ; attaches itfelf to mankind-, 

 dillinguiflies its mailer, comes on being called by its name, 

 fhews an attachment to dogs inftead of flying from them, 

 and has all the other peculiarities of charafter by which the 

 dog is dillinguifhed ; amongft others, the important obferv- 

 ation of profcffor Guidenltadt, who has given an accurate 

 defcription of the jackal in the Peterfburg Tranfaftions, 

 fliould by no means be omitted, viz. that the jackal and 

 dog agree in the llruCture of the coecum or fliort in.«. 

 telliue, and differ in that refpetl both from the wolf and the 

 fox. 



Dr. Pallas has favoured the world with an accurate de- 

 fcription of this animal. In external figure, he remarks, the 

 jackal refembles the wolf more than the fox. It is alfo 

 larg-er and (lands hig-her on its IcCfs than the fox. The head 

 is of a fox-red colour above, mixed with afh-grey hairs 

 which have each a blacki(h ring and tip ; the upper lip is 

 white on each (ide of the nofc, and the throat is of the fame 

 colour ; the whidiers, the long hairs on the chin, and thofe 

 above the eyes, which are five in number, are black ; the ears 

 are fox-red externally, and white internally ; the neck and 

 back are all over grey-yellow, and both, but efpecially the 

 latter, are daflied with a (hade of duflty, owing to the tips 

 of the long hairs on thofe parts ; the under part of the bo- 

 dy, and the legs, are of a light reddifh yellow, but the 

 (houlders and thighs are externally of a fox-red; the claws are 

 black; the thumb claw (lands higher than that of the dog, and 

 is crooked; the tail is ftraight, fomewhat longer and more 

 hairy than in the wolf, and is of a greyifh-yellow, more ii>. 

 chning to fox-red towards the end ; the long hairs have 

 black tips, and confequently the tip of the tail appears 

 black ; the hair of the jackal is coarier and ftronger than 

 that of the wolf, and is longed on the (houlders and tail, 

 where it mcafures four inches ; on the neck and back it ->s 

 fliorter by an inch ; between the hairs is fituated a woolly 

 fur of a grey colour ; the four middle front teeth are (>f 

 a truncated form, or, as if cut off, flat, not perceptibly 

 notched or indented ; the tvi'o exterior larger ones in the 

 upper jaw are fomewhat larger than the under ; the grinders 

 are fix on each fide, the firft being the fmalleft, and of a 

 conical (hape ; the next grinders, to the number of two 

 in the upper, and three in the lower, are gradually larger, 

 and divided into three points; the fourth 6f the upper jaw 

 and the fifth, of the under are the largell, and have two 

 points ; the remaining ones (land deeper in the jaw or more 

 inwards, and are fmaller than the preceding ; the tongue has, 

 on each fide, a border or row of fmall verrucse or warts. 



Mr. Pennant dtfcribes the ufu:-"! length of the jackal to 

 be about two feet and a half; the female rather fmaller than 

 the male, and with from fix to eight paps. Dr. Pallj^ 

 southed in a young jackal three teats on one Cde, and four 



oa 



