A U S 



war ; Ulyi-ciim, includlncr Dalmatia, Croatia, anj Sclavo- 

 nia ; 'rranfylvaula ; the province of Buckoviua, annexed to 

 the Aullrian tcrntory in 1777 ; and the provinces of Oulli- 

 cia and Lodomiiia, being that part of Poland acquired by 

 Auftria in the partition of 1772. Trom the frontiers of 

 SwilTcrland to the titmoU limits of Tranfylvania, the length 

 of the Aullrian dominions may be reckoned at about 760 

 Britiih miles, and the breadth about 520, from the nver 

 Bug, which forms a boundary between Anllria and Pruflian 

 Poland, to the Save, wliich divides the Aullrian from the 

 Turkilh fovereignty. The contents may be about 184,000 

 fquare miles ; and Boetticher eftima-es the inhabitants at 

 1 08 to a fquare mile. Since he wrote, the populous region 

 of the -Netherlands lias been withdrawn ; however the po- 

 pulation of the Venetian territories is little inferior. To- 

 wards the call, the Aullrian dominions border on thofe of 

 RufTia and Turkey ; to the north, on thofe of Priiffia, Up- 

 per Saxony, Bavaria, from which it is feparated by the river 

 Inn, and Swabia ; and on the utmoft well are S.viilerland 

 and the Italian Hates. 



The original population of thefe exter.five regions is va- 

 rious ; but chiefly Gothic and Slavonic. The native an- 

 cient Germans, a Gothic race, fjrm the ruling, mod induf- 

 trious, and moll important part of the inhabitants. The 

 prefent population of the Aullrian dominions is computed 

 at more than 20,000,000 ; that of Hungary, Tranfylvania, 

 and the Buckovina, being elUmated at 4I millions. Some 

 authors, however, have computed the population of Hun- 

 .Tary alone, at 7,000,000 ; and a late German author (fee 

 T'ownfon. ch.v.) has confequently fuelled the general po- 

 pulation of the Aullrian dominions to 25,000,000 ; and a 

 modem geographer (fee Pinkerton's Mod. Geog. vol. i. 

 P* 345- ) thinks it reafonable to allow 23,000,000 as a me- 

 dial computation of the numbers fubjcd to the Aullrian 

 fceptre. Of the other chief provinces, Bohemia is fuppofed to 

 hold 2i millions ; Moravia li million ; the acquifitions in Po- 

 land, more than 3 millions ; and the archduchy of Aullria, 

 as we have already Hated, 1,685,000. 



Hoeck (ubi fupra) has exhibited the hereditary Hates of 

 Aullria, with their refpeftive population, in three tables ; 

 from which it appears, that Bohemia contains 2,806,493 

 perfons; Moravia, 1,256,240; the duchy of Aullrian Si- 

 lefia, 250,000; Lower Aullria, 1,820,000; Interior Auf- 

 tria or Stiria, &c. 1,645,000; Superior Auftria, or the 

 Tyrolefe, 610,000; Anterior Auftria, 293,433; Rovereit 

 and the Vorarlberg, 77.971; Hungary and lUyria, 

 7,350,000; Tranfylvania, 1,443,364; Buckovina, 130,000; 

 Eaftern Galhcia, 2,797,119 ; and Weftern Gallicia, 

 1,106,178 ; amounting in the whole to 21,585,798 perfons. 

 The army is computed by Boetticher at 365,455 men, in 

 Ij6 regiments, of which 46 are German, and only 11 

 Hungarian. But in the fanguinary conteft with France, 

 this army has been greatly diminifhed ; and, at prefent, it is 

 fuppofed not to be equal to that of PrulTia, eftimated at about 

 200,000 ; and far lefs than that of Ruffia, which is fuppo- 

 fed to double this number. The revenue is computed at 

 more than ten millions fteriing ; to which Auftria contri- 

 butes about three millions ; and Hungary a Uttle more than a 

 million and a half. This revenue ufed to exceed the expences ; 

 but the public debt is now fuppofed to furpafs 40,000,0001. 

 fterhng, and the recent wars have occafioned great defalca- 

 tions. 



Auftria, before the acquifition of Venice, might have been 

 regarded as an inland power ; as the fmall harbour of 

 Triefte had no commercial importance. Since the Auftrian 

 dominions have acquired their preleut extent and power, de- 



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terniiucd rivalry has fubfifted bet.vecn them and France. 

 There arc alfo caufcs of confirmed jealouly between Auf- 

 tria and I'ru.'ha, and of irrcconcileable hatred between the 

 Auftrians and Turks. As Aullria is alfo jealous of Ruflian 

 power, it is not eafy to feledt any ftate on the continent 

 with which it could enter into a ilritl and permanent al- 

 liance. 



The afpeft of the Auftrian dominions is rather moun- 

 tainous than level, and prcfcnts in this refpedl a ftrik- 

 ing contrail to that of Ruflij and Pruflia. Of the elevated 

 chains which diverfify the Auftrian territories, the firft that 

 deferves mention is the Rhxtiaii or Tyrolefe Alps, called the 

 Brenner mountains (fee Alps, and BRENNka), among 

 which are ft vcral glaciers ; and there arc alfo couliderable 

 hills, which branch from the Swils and Tyrolefe Alps, io 

 the noithcrn parts of the territory that was formerly Vene- 

 tian, fuch as mount Bnldo, mount Bolca, and the Euganean 

 hills near Padua. Tlie provinces of Carlnthia and Carniola 

 prefent many chains of mountains, as that of Lobel, which 

 feparates thefe countries, and the Julian or Carnic Alps, 

 now called Birnbaumer Wald, which divide Carinthia from 

 Italy. The fummits of the Carniolan mountains are cover- 

 ed with permanent fnow ; of thefe, the moll memorable are 

 the Kalenberg near the river Save, and the Runberg, and 

 the Karll to the fouth of Idria. Here alfo terminates the 

 vail chain which proceeds by the nonh of Dalmatia towards 

 the Himus, and is known by many local appellations, as 

 mount Promina near Gnin, mount Prologh, mount Clobu, 

 &c. &c. but better diftinguiftied by the Dalmatian chain. 

 Tlie latter mountains are chiefly calcareous. Towards the 

 north in the fouth of Stiria, there firft occurs the chain of 

 Bacher ; mount Grafau on the eaft of Judenbiirg ; and 

 the chief mountains in this province, or thole of Grimin, in 

 its weftern extremity towards Salzburg. On the eaft to- 

 wards Hungai-v, this country is more plain and fertile. On 

 the fouth of Auftria is a chain of inconfiderable elevation. 

 (See Cetius, and Kalenberg.) Upper Auftria, or tlie 

 weftern part of this province, contains many confiderable 

 mountains, the highcft of which is in the maps called Priel, 

 but the proper name is Greffenberg. Towards the north, 

 Auftria is divided from Bohemia by a ridge of confiderable 

 elevation, which paftes to the north-eall of Bavaria. On the 

 north-weft, Bohemia is parted from Saxony by a chain of 

 metallic mountains called the Erzgeberg, a v/ord that de- 

 notes hills containing mines. On the weft of the river Eger, 

 near its junClion with the Elbe, ftands the mountainous 

 group of Mileftou, fuppofed to be the highcft in the pro- 

 vince. On the north-eall the Sudetic chain, which branch- 

 ing from the Carpathian, divides Bohemia and Moravia from 

 Silefia and the Pruflian dominions. The Carpathian moun- 

 tains, bounding Hungary on the north-eaft, deferve particu- 

 lar notice. See Carpathian. 



Of the rivers which pervade the Auftrian dominions, the 

 principal is the Danube. Next to this in importance is the 

 TiEss; and there are alfo the Save, the Drave, the 

 ItJN, the Mulda, the Elbe, the Morau, the Adige, 

 and feveral others of lefs note. The lakes are numerous, 

 and fome are of confiderable fize. In Auftria proper, are 

 the lake Traun, the Ebenfee, and others. Carinthia con- 

 tains a large central lake not far from Clagenfurt, and Car- 

 niola another, called the Cirknitz fee. Tyrol has no lake 

 of any confequence, except a part of the Lago di Garda ; 

 but its glaciers are numerous. For the morafFcs and lakes of 

 Hungary, fee Hungary. See Neusidler and Palitzer. 

 In Tranfylvania is the TefegeTo; and many fmall lakes 

 are fUuatcd amidft. the Carpathian mountains. 



6 The 



