A U S 



The hiftory of Auftiia properly fo called, may be coti- 

 ciWv delineated in the following epochs, collefted and 

 detailed by Mr. Pinkerton, in his " Modern Geography," 

 vol. i. p. 337. 



" I. The houfe of Auftna, which, by fucctlTive fortunate 

 marriages hnce the fifteenth century, has arifen to fuch a 

 fumniit of power, is well known to have fprung from the 

 humble count- of Hapfburg. Thofe lords pofftfTed a fmall ter- 

 ritory in SwilTcrland, in the northern corner of the canton of 

 Bern, near the river Aar, about three miles fouth of the town 

 of Bruck, and the fame diilance to the north of Mellingen. 

 On a lofty eminence, crowned with beech. Hands an ancient 

 tower, the firft feat of the houfe of Aullria. In the twelfth 

 century Otho is defigned count of Hapfbnrg, and even he- 

 raldry can fcarcclv afcend beyond his grandfire Radebot, bro- 

 ther of Werner, 'bifhop of Strafcurg. In 1273, Rodolph 

 of Hapfburg was called to the imperial throne, after an 

 inter-reio-n, during which the German potentates had in- 

 cr£afed,''and fecured their own power ; and wifely preferred 

 a nominal fovereign, whofe humble cxti-aA, and fmall pof- 

 fefilons, could afford no check to their ambition. Yet 

 Rodolph was at this time lord of the greater part of Swif- 

 ferland ; after the extinftion of the powerful houfe of 

 Zaeringen, and that of the counts of Kyburg, whofe 

 joint inheritance devolving to Rodolph, became the bafis 

 of his power, and that of his fucceffors. (See Planta's Swifs. 

 i. 170.) 



" 2. Another emperor of the houfe of Auftria appeared 

 in Albert, A.D. 1298 ; from whom the Swifs made their 

 fignal revolt in 1 307. His fon Frederic was obliged to 

 yield the empire to Louis of Bavaria. (See Albert I.) 



«' 3. Albert II. duke of Auftria, A. D. 1438, fucceeded 

 to three crowns, on the death of his father-in-law the em- 

 peror Sigifmond, thofe of Hungary, and Bohemia, and that 

 of the empire by unanimous tledion. This was the epoch of 

 the lalling grandeur of the houfe of Auftria. Yet his 

 fucceffors Frederic III. and Maximilian I. were feeble 

 princes ; and Charies V. firft aftoniftied Europe with a real 

 difplay of Auftrian power. (See Albert II.) 



" 4. Maximilian having married the heirefs ot Burgundy, 

 the Netherland; became fubjeil to the houfe of Auftria in 

 1477; and his fon Philip, in 1+96, marrying the heirefs of 

 An-agon and Caftile, the ample dominions of Spain fell 

 afterwards under the Auftrian fceptre. Charles \'. inherited 

 ■all thefe domains ; but on his refignation, Spain and the 

 Netherlands paflcd to his fon Philip II. and the former 

 crown continued in the A.iftrian line till the clofe of the 

 17th century. Auftria, Bohemia, and Hungary, paffed to 

 Ferdinand, the brother of Charles V. who was alfo chofen 

 emperor of Germany. 



" 5. The noted bigotry of the houfe of Auftria was 

 not confined to the Spanilh branch, for though Maximi- 

 lian II. about 1570, had granted hberty of confcience 

 t\eii to the Proteltants of Auftria, yet thofe of Bohemia, 

 and other parts, were afterwaids fo much opprelfed, that 

 the Proteftant princes of Germany called in Guftaf Adolf, 

 the celebrated Swedifh monarch, to their affiftance, who 

 ihook the empire to its very foundation. Even France 

 fupported the Proteftants, in the view of weakening the 

 Auftrian power; and the war continued till 1648, when 

 the famous treaty of Weftphalia was figned, which has 

 ierved as a bafis for other diplomatic tranfaAions. (See 

 Westphalia.) 



" 6. The war with France was often rekindled during 

 the longreignof Leopold I. 1658 to 1705; and in 1603, 

 the Turks were fo fuccefsful as to lay fiege to Vienna. 



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•' 7. His fon Jofeph I. joined the allies againfl France, 

 and lliared in their fucccfs. He married the daughter of 

 John Frederic, dnkc of Hanover. 



" 8. By the death of the emperor Charles VI., on the 

 20th of Ocl-ober 1740, without m.ale iffue, the houfe of 

 Auftria became extindt. The eledor of Bavaria feized the 

 kingdom of Bohemia, and was elcfted emperor in 1742, 

 but died in 1745. 



" 9. Francis of l.orrain, fon of Leopold duke of Lor- 

 rain, having married Maria Therefa, daughter of the em^ 

 peror Charles V'l. fucceeded to the Auftrian dominions, 

 which continue to be held by his defcendants. In 1 745 

 he was clefted emperor, and his fucceffors have enjoyed the 

 imperial crown, as if hereditary. The powerful houfe of 

 Lorrain is of great antiquity, defcending from Gerard 

 count of Alface, in the iith century, whofe origin is re- 

 ferred to a collateral branch of the houfe of Auftria. 



" 10. The reign of the emperor Jofeph II. a beneficent 

 but impetuous prince, whofe grand deligns of reformation 

 were fruftrated by his ignorance of the inveteracy of habits 

 and prejudices, which mull ever be confidered in a due 

 eftimatc of human affairs. 



" II. The obdurate and fanguinary contefl with France, 

 the events of which are known to all." 



For an abridged detail of the hiftory of the other 

 Auftrian dominions; fee Bohemia, Hungary, Venice, 

 &c. 



AUSTRIACA SvDERA, in /fjlronomy, a name given by 

 Maupertuis to the fpots in the fun, as fuppoling them to be 

 fmall ftars between the fun and us. 



AusTRiACA, in Eniom-jlogy, a fpecies of Sphex found in 

 Auftria, and defcribed by Schranck. It is of a black colour, 

 with a fulphur-coloured band, and two dots of the fame at 

 the bafe of the abdomen ; legs fulphur-colour, with the 

 thighs of the poftcrior ones thick. 



AusTRiACA, a fpecies of Cicada {Rd.-n'ra Sec), of a 

 fmall fize, that inhabits Auftria. It is black, with pale 

 legs; white at the bafe of the eyes; wings tranfparent, with 

 three faint bands of black. Schranck, &c. 



AusTRiACA, a fpecies of Buprestis, with braffy, ftri- 

 ated, and bidentated wing-cafes; head and thorax greenifh; 

 abdomen violet. Gmtlin. This kind inhabits Idria, is 

 about the iize of bupreftis ruftica, and is called viordeUa 

 g:gnntea by Scopoli. 



AusTRiACA, a fpecies of Cicindela found in Auftria. 

 This infeft is green, with the breaft and belly golden red; 

 wing-cafes with a thin golden margin, and a few white fpots. 

 Schranck, Bcytr. 



AUSTRIACUS, in Entom-jkgy, a fpecies of Cimex 

 that inhabits Auftria. This infeft is ferruginous, and has 

 ttie fcutel divided by a black band. Schranck. 



AusTRiACus, a fpecies of Curculio found in Auftria. 

 It is apterous, cinereous; wing-cafes hneated with whitifli, 

 and dotted with black. Fabricius. 



ArsTRiACus, a fpecies of ScARABflEus {Mchihmiha) 

 found in -'Auftria. This kind is glabrous ; wing-cafes brown, 

 with an exterior elevated margin, and four fpots on the 

 fcutel. Herbft. &c. It is uncertain whether this is a 

 diftincl fpecies or a variety only of fearabxus agricola. 



AusTRiACUS, in Ornithology, a fpecies of Falco, named 

 by Latham the Aujlnan kite. Cere and legs rather woolly 

 and yellow; body above chefnut ; beneath teftaceous, fpot- 

 ted with brown; tail forked. Inhabits the woods in Ger- 

 many, and feeds on fmall birds .ind bats. Gmelin. 



AusTRiACus, in Zoology, a fpecies of Coluber that is 

 found ill the environs of Vienna, and is fo very analogous to 



coluber 



