I 



A Y M 



reformed cliurch. In this fituation he continued for feveral 

 years, attending; to his duties as a juflice of the peace, and 

 one of the ■fcclefiaftical conimiirioncrs, and entering very- 

 little into thofe difputes tiiat would have fubjccled liim 

 /to the notice of either of the two parties by whom he was 

 fufpefted. In 1573, he accumulated the degrees of bache- 

 lor and doftor in divinity, in the univerfity of Oxford ; and 

 in 1576, he fucceeded his intimate friend and fellow exile in 

 the fee of London ; hut he incurred cenfure by commenc- 

 ing, and profecuting for fome years, a fuit againll him for 

 dilapidations. Indeed, a prudent attention to his own in- 

 tereft was a difcriminating feature in the bifiiop's charaftcr. 

 In his clerical and epifcopal capacity, he was afildiioOs iii 

 public preacliing, occafionaliy roufnig, as it is faid, the lan- 

 guid attention of his audience by reciting Hebrew verfes 

 from a pocket bible ; and in his efforts for guarding the 

 church againft the attacks both of papills and puritans. 

 Perfons of both thefe defcriptions, and particularly the lat- 

 ter, were treated by liim with a degree of feverity, which 

 was not only unwarrantable in itfelf, but which incurred oc- 

 cafional admonition from the ruhng powers. His virulent 

 abufe of fome puritan miniilers expofed him to the no lefs 

 acrimonious affault of their farcaftic writers, fo that he be- 

 came the hero of the celebrated Martin Mar-prelate. See 

 Fuller's Cliurch Hiftory, b. ix. p. 223, 224. He was in- 

 volved in a variety of difputes with refpecl both to the 

 temporalities of his fee, and his exerc^i^e of its fpiritual 

 juriidiftion ; fo that his life was far from beinor tranquil, 

 though his fpirit was bold and refolute, and enabled him 

 to furmount the difficulties with v/hicli he had to encounter. 

 Of his rcfolution and perfonal couiage the two following 

 inftances are recorded : one was his fubmitting to the ex- 

 traftion of a tooth, in order to encourage queen Elizabeth 

 to undergo the fame operation ; and the other was his cud- 

 gelling his fon-in-law for miicondutl towards his wife, who 

 was a favourite daughter. Bifhop Aylmer died at'Fulham, 

 ill Ij94, at the age of 73 years, and was buried in St. 

 Paul's cathedral. He left feven Ions and two or three 

 daughters, to all of whom he left large legacies, which he 

 was enabled to do by his economy and avarice. The cha- 

 ratter of Aylmer defervcdly ranks high with refpeA to ta- 

 lents and learning, but his temper was irritable and violent ; 

 he was immoderately fond both of power and money ; and 

 he undonbtedlv polTeffcd an arbitrary and perfecuting fpirit. 

 Biog. Brit. Andrews's Hid. of Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 524. 



AYLSHAM, or Ales HAM, in Geography, is a rcfpeft- 

 able market town in Norfolk, in England, fttuatcd in a flat 

 and fertile country on the banks of the river Burc. In 

 1773, an aft of parhament was obtained for making this 

 river navigable hence to Coltilhall in its courfe to Yar- 

 mouth, a dillance of about ten miles, in which fpace there 

 are five locks : the undertaking v.as completed in 1779. 

 This town is the capital of the manor of the duchy of Lan- 

 caller, in conftquence of which the duchy court is always 

 held here. The manor was granted by Edward III. to 

 the famous John of Gaunt, duke of Lancafter, who built 

 a handfome church in th.e town, and dedicated it to St. Mi- 

 chael. A free-fchool was founded here in 1577, by Ro- 

 bert Jannys, who was then mayor of Norwich. Aylfliam 

 is about eleven mdes from Norwich, and 120 from London. 

 It has two annual fairs, and a weekly market on Tuclday : 

 this was formerly held on Saturdays, but has been altered to 

 the former day. Hiftory and Antiquities of Norfolk, 10 vols. 

 8v.j. 



AYMAR.'IES, a jurifdiftion of South America, in the 



diocefe of Cufco, about 40 leagues fouth-welt from Cufco. 



This territory abounds in fugar, cattle, and grain, and alfo 



in mines of gold and fiKer, which formerly produced large 



Vol.. III. 



AYR 



quantities of thefe valuable metals ; but at prefcnt few of 

 them arc wrought, the country being too thinly inhabited. 



AYMARGUES. See A.margues. 



AYMOUTH, See EvMouTH. 



AYNAC, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Lot, and chief place of a canton in the dillnd of Fieeac 

 twelve miles N. N. W. of Figcac. ' 



AYOQIJANTOTOTL. or Av.s AyoayAKToroTL, 

 inOrmlhoiogy, the name under which the Orwlui Xaruhornu: 

 of Gmelin is defcribcd by fome old writers. Vjde Hern 

 Mex. Scba, &c. 



AYORA, in Geography, a fmall place of Spain, in th.- 

 province of Valencia, upon the river Xucar, at the foot of 

 a mountain, one league from the frontiers of New Caftile ; 

 the inhabitants of which are faid to fpcak Caftilian in its 

 purity. 



AYOTECOS, high mountains of America, in Mexico, in 

 the province of Tlafcala, towards the coal! of the South fea. 

 AYRSHIRE, a county in the fouth-wtftern part of 

 Scotland, bounded on the north by the county of Renfrew, 

 on the eail by the (hires of Lanark and Dumfries, on the' 

 fouth by Galloway, and on the weft by the frith of Clyde. 

 Its extent is about fixty-fivc miles in' length by thirtv-fix 

 in breadth, and it is divided into three great baiUiages or 

 ftewartries, which bear the names of Kyle, Cunningham, 

 and Carrick. Thefe diflricb are extremely different from 

 each other in uppearancc, as Carrick and the interior psrts 

 of Kyle are mountainous, and only fitted for pailurc ; while 

 the coall of Kyle, and the greater part of Cunningham, pre- 

 fent a fine, level, cultivated country, interfperfed with nu- 

 merous towns and villages. Its rivers are the Tweed, the 

 Ayr, the Ellc, the Annan, the Urr, the Gurvan, the Doon, 

 and the Lugar. This county includes two royal bur^h?, 

 Ayr and Irvine, and feveral towns, among which are Beith, 

 Bailantri, Girvan, Kilmarnock, Kilwilling, Largs, and 

 Salcoats. Ayrfliire poffcfTes many valuable feams of coal, 

 alfo fome quarries of frcellone, limeftone, ironftonc, and feve- 

 ral rich Itdes of lead and copper ore. A few curious fpe- 

 cimens of agates, porphyries, and calcareous petrifaAions 

 are often found in the hills of Carrick ; and a fpccies of 

 whetftonc, known by the name of ^yr-Jione, is obtained 

 from this county. The population of it, as returned 

 to the houfe of commons in 1800, was 84,306, of which 

 39,666 were males, and 44,640 females. 



AYR, the principal town in the above county, is a royal 

 borough of conliderable antiquity, and the feat of a jufticiary 

 court. It was nomiiiated a royal borough by Wiiliam the 

 Lion, in 1 180, and the privileges by charter then granted 

 are ftill enjoyed by tlie town. It is pleafantly feated on a 

 point of land which projefts into the fea, between the influ.K 

 of the rivers Doon and Ayr, and the principal ftrect is 

 broad and ornamented with a row of good houfes on each 

 fide. Ayr has been a town of conliderable trade, but the 

 rifing opulence of Glafgow has attraCled the merchants from 

 this place. The inconvenient entrance to the harbour proved 

 detrimental to the commerce of the town, but the inhabit- . 

 ants are carrying on cxtcniive works to remove all obftruc- 

 tions at the mouth of the river, and render it irore commo- 

 dious for trading vefTels; arid two new rcfiecling light-houfes 

 are now erecting near the entrance to the harbour. The fal- 

 mon filheryof the two rivers furniflies employ for many of the 

 inhabitants, and the fand banks of the coall abound with ail 

 kinds of white fifh. Its population is 5492> and it has 735 

 houfes. 



AvR, Ne-ui Toiun of, is the name of another town, feated on 



the nortii fide of the river Ayr. It hasbaronijjurildiction, 



and a dillinft magiftracy from the other town. This place 



feeins to have arifcn under the influence of Robert Brace, who 



3 F retired 



