A Z E 



AZARUM, a fmall, dry, blackifh, Aringy, medicinal 

 root, much iifcJ in France as a Ipecinc for the farcy in 

 horfcs. The azarum, called alfo nardus fylveflris, grows 

 in the Levant, Canp.da, ar.d about Lyons in France. 1'he 

 firft is reputed the belt. It is given in powder, from the 

 quantity of an ounce to two. 



AZATA, in Ancknt Geography, a town of Afia, in Me- 

 dia. Ptolemy. 



AZATH A, a toy^n of Afia, in Armenia Major. Ptol. 



AZxVY Le Feron, in Geogmphv, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Indre, and chief place of a canton in 

 the diilricl of Chatillon fur Indre; nine miles- S.S.E. of 

 Chatillon. 



AzAY !e Rii/ean, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Indre and Loire, and chief place of a canton in the 

 diltritl of Chinon, four leagues fouth-well of Tours, and four 

 north-eall of Chinon. 



AZAZEL, m "Jew'ijh Antiquity. Ste Scape-goat. 



AZED, ill the Maleria Medica, a name given by the 

 Arabian writers to a kind of camphor, which they make the 

 third in value, placing it after the akanfuri and abriagi. The 

 firft of thefe was the fineft of all the kinds of camphor, and 

 was coUefted tolerably pure from the tree, as it grew in 

 Canfur, the place whence it was named. The abriagi was 

 the fame cam.phor, rendered yet more pure by fublimation ; 

 this was a difcovery of one of the kin^s ol that country, and 

 the camphor was named from him. The third kind, or azed, 

 was the fame with what we now receive from the Indies, 

 under the name of crude or rough camphor. The word 

 flzft/lignifies only large, and was ufed to exprefs the camphor 

 formed nito fuch large cakes, as it is alfo at this tim.e. Avi- 

 cenna fays, this camphor was grofs, of a duflty colour, and 

 much lefs b'right and pellucid than the other kinds. Ste 

 Camphor. 



AZEDARACH, in Botany. See Melia. 



AZEKAH, or Azecha, in Ancient Geography, a city of 

 Judaea, ftrong both by fituation and its walls; in the tribe of 

 Judah, and fcated in the fame north-weft corner with Lebna 

 and Makkedah, in the valley of Terebinth, where David 

 (lew Gohath. Jofh. xv 



I ;^am. xvu. I. 



Eufebius and 

 St. Jerom inform us, that, in their time, there was a city 

 of this name between Jerufalem and Eleutheropolis. 



AZELFOGE, in Aflronomy, a fixed ftar of the fecond 

 magnitude, in the tail of Cygnus. 



AZEM, in Geography. See Asam, and Assem. 



AZARAILLES, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Meurte, and chief place of a canton in the diftrift of 

 Luneville, three leagues fuuth-eaft of Luneville. 



AZETENE, fometimes called An-zkene, in Ancient Geo- 

 graphy, a country of Afia, in Armenia Major, between the 

 fources of the Tigris and Euphrates, to the fouth of Saphena. 

 Ptolemy. 



AZEVEDO, Ignatius, in Biography, a Portuguefe 

 Jefuit, was born at Oporto, in 1527, andrcfigning an ample 

 fortune of which he was heir to a younger brother, he de- 

 voted himfelf to religion ift the ibciety of the Jefuits at 

 Coimbra. In procefs of time he became a milTionary, and 

 was deputed as fuch to the Indies and Bralii, under tlie title 

 of procurator-general for thofe countries. Having given an 

 account of his firft voyage to the general at Rome, he fet 

 out on a fecond miffion with a great number of attendants ; 

 but whilft the fliip was failing, in 1570, towards the illand 

 of Palraa, it was taken h.y corfairs, and all the miffionaries 

 were put to death. On this account, Azevedo and his 

 thirty-nine companionb have been honoured as martyrs in the 

 church of Rome; and the hiftory of their miffion and martyr- 

 dom was publilhcd by Beauvais, a Jcfuit, in 1744. Moreri. 



AZEYTAO, ia Geography, a fmall towa of Portugal, in 



A Z I 



Eftrcmadura, confiding of 552 houfcs, and 2 J42 rnhahitann. 

 It has a n-.anufactor)- of cottons, and carries on a cor.fiderable 

 trade in wine and oil, for which its fituation, between the two 

 harbours of Lifbon and St. Ubcs, is convenient. 



■'^ZI.'^.LCOLLAR, a town of Spain, in the countn,- of 

 Seville, nineteen miles noith-well of Seville. 



AZ I BINT A, in Ancient Geography, an ifland of the 

 Mediterranean. Plinv. 



AZILAR, in Geography, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 the road between Conllantinople and Tocat. 



AZiLLE, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Audc, and chief place of a canloii in the diftrict of Carcaf- 

 fonne; thiitetn miles E.N.E. of Cftrcaffonne. N. !at. 43^ 

 15'. E. long. 2^ 33'. 



AZIMGUR, a town of Hindoftin, in the country of 

 Allahabad; 108 miles W.N.W. of Patr.a, and 50 north of 

 Benarts. 



AT'CIMUS, or AziMVNTiuM, in Ancient Geography, a 

 fmall city of Thrace, on the lUyrian borders. Tnis city, 

 fcarcely mentioned by geographers, has been diftinguilhe'd 

 in the annals of hiftory by the martial fpirit of its youth, 

 the ik.U and reputation of.tiic leaders whom they hadclK.'fcn, 

 and their daring exploits againil the innumerable hull of 

 the northern barbarians. Inllead of tamely expeding tht.r 

 approach, the Azimuntines attacked, in fitquent and fuc- 

 celsful fallies, the troops of the Huns, refcued from their 

 hands the fpoil of the captives, and recruited their domelbc 

 force by the voluntary afiociation of fugitives and dcferters. 

 After the treaty of peace between Attila and the eallern em- 

 pire, A.D. 446, the Barbarian conqueror .^ill menaced the 

 empire with implacable war, unlci's the Azimuntines were per- 

 fuadcd, or compelled, to comply with the humiliating condi- 

 tions which their fovereign had accepted. Thcodofius, dif- 

 daining authority over a fociety of men who fo bravely alfertt J 

 their natural independence, the kin? of the Huns condtfcend- 

 ed to negotiate an exchange with the citizens of Azimuj. 

 They demanded the reftitution of fome fliepherds, who, with 

 their cattle, had been accidentally furprifcd. After ddigent, 

 but fruitlefs inquiry, the Huns were obliged to fwear, that 

 they did not detain any prifoner belonging to the city, be- 

 fore they could recover two furi'iving countrymen, whom 

 the Azimuntines had detained as pledges for the fafety of 

 their loft companions. Attila was fatisfied, and deceived 

 by their folemn afteveration, that the reft of the captives had 

 been put to the fword ; and that it was tlieir conftant prac- 

 tice immediately to difmifs the Romans and the deftrtcrs, 

 who had obtaine the fecurity of the public faith. If the 

 race of the Azimuntines, whether this diflimulation on their 

 part be excufed or condemned by political caluills, had bcea 

 encouraged and multiplied, the Barbarians would haveceafed 

 to trample on the majcfty of the empire. At a fubfequeuc 

 period, in the war of the emperor Maunce againft the Avars, 

 A.D. 595 — 602, the Ai'.imuntines manifcfted a confldcr- 

 able degree of the invincible fpirit of their anceftors. See 

 Gibbon's Hill. vol. vi. p. 63, &c. vol. viii. p. 201, &c. 



AZIMUTH, in AJlronomy. The azimuth of the fuu, 

 or of a ftar, is an arc of the horizon, comprehended bet vi ecu 

 the meridian of the place, and any vertical circle palling 

 through the fun or ftar : and it is equal to the angle at the 

 zenith formed by the faid meridian and vertical circle, which, 

 is ineafured by the fore-mentioned arc. 



The word is pure Arabic, which fignifies the fame thing. 

 The azimuth is reckoned caftward in the morning, aiid 

 weft ward in the afternoon ; and it is ufually eftimated from 

 the fouth, or from the north, as it is nearer to the one or to 

 the other of thafe points. Thus if it be found by obferva- 

 tion, that the vertical circle which palfes through the zenith 

 and a liar interfeds the horizon juft in the midway between 



lh<: 



