A Z O 



the 



morning-, or at 2'' 



sr 



the 



A Z O 



tl.al the Don is the Tanais of antiquity. Kow, i,. ttiia 

 region, many njjes ago, flood a town of the fa.r.e narrc with 

 the river, vvhicli had been bnilt by the Greeio. Chardin 

 praends tiu.t Azof is fituate fifteen Itahan miles inland from 

 the river; whereas the old town of Tar.ais is oi.ly three fuch 

 miirs diftant from the river. Vv'hat reafonj Chardin had for 

 giving this llatement, concerning one or the other, it is diflfi- 

 cn!t to difeover. Though we cannot abfoluttly prove that 



t 

 e 



4 40 

 afternoon. 



The azimmh being fird found, the hour from noon mi-rh t 

 b.ive been found by the proportion between oppoTlte 

 (ides and angles. If the declination and latitude had been 

 of contrary names, the hme kind of procefs would hive 

 (crved for fi:ding the things required, exc-vpt that the lide 

 ©1 would have been obtufe ; by adding the declination to 

 90 , mllend of fubilraaing it, as in the cafe of the latitude 

 and dccllnstion having like names. 



To find the azimuth by ttie Globe, fee Globe. 

 Azimuth, Mi^p.-lical, is an arc of the horizon contained 

 between the azimuih circle of the celeitial objecl, and th- 

 nnagnetical meridian ; or it is ihe apparent diilance of the ob- 

 j^ed from the north or fouth point of the compafs. This is 

 found by ohferving the objcft with an azimuth compafs, 

 when It is about ten or fifteen degrees high, either in the fore- 

 noon or afternoon. See Compass. 



Azimuth Compafs, is an inftrumen*. ufed at fea for find- 

 ing the fun's magnetical azimuth. 



The defcription and ufe of the azimuth compafs, fee 

 under y/sr;V«;///> Compass. 



Azimuth Dial, is a dial whofe flyle or gnomon is at 

 right angles to the plane of the horizon. 



Azimuths, called alfo Vertical Circles, are great circles 

 of the fphere interfedting each other in the zenith and na- 

 dir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Tlie horizon 

 being divided into 360°, there are uAmlly reck, 

 azimuths. The azimuths are repreftnted by the 

 common fea-charts ; and on 

 prefented by the quadrant of 



^^nhl r ■ .u ■ , , , , • , r , . P'""^" °"' °^ Greece. Thefe new fcttlers gradually formed 



On thefe azimuths is reckoned the height of the flars, colonies on the fhorcs of Natolia, Sicilv, the inferior parts 0/ 



and ot the fun, when he is not in the meridian j that is, the Italy, in France, and feveral other countries; fo that the 



^'Ti^TMr-nrin-f-' A"" '''^'^' ^'n '"'"T *'" ''°"'°"- commerce of almofl the whole world then known was im- 



AVTn 'r"Tr *"''"^%\ ?*"" Agincourt. perceptiWy drawn into their hands. In like manner they 



f i ^ '°7" °^ liuropean 1 urkey, in the province of planted their colonies round the whole coaft of the Enxine, 



A 7TR Tc'^ ""J-' "" ' "orth-eall of Lepanto. where, on the coafts of the peninfula of the Crimea, Theo- 



V. ' "3,^"""'' G'^ography, an ancient town of Ar- dofia, Cherfoii, Panticapsum, and other towns, became par- 



icd 360 



tile tov.-n lanais flood precifely on the fcite of' the prefen 

 Azof, yet IMS manifeft that it was in this diftrift. Tl,( 

 more ancient a town is, the more lik- Jy it is to have iir.der- 

 gone conlidcrable and frequent alterations; and the lefs rca- 

 fon there is for imagining that it ilands exactly on tlie old 

 primitive fpot, of which Rome alone may afford an example. 

 Concerning Tanais, however, Claudius Ptolemaeus affirms it 

 to have been fituate near theprefent Azof. For admitting, 

 as he docs, the Don to be the boundary between Europe and 

 Alia, he gives the town Tanais to the Afiatic divilion. Strabo 

 hkewife (p. 2 15. 340. ed. Cafaub.), placing the town on 

 the fame fide, at the lame tim.e informs us that it was built 

 by the Bofporanian Greeks. Greece, in its earlier periods, 

 was extremely populous; and fome parts of it, from the 

 nature of their foil, were not productive enough for the 

 nourifhment a id fupport of their proHfic inhabitants. Hence 

 they were neccflfitatcd to conftruCt numerous towns oii the 

 fea-coafl and on feveral iftaiids, in order to devife means for 

 remedying fo great a defeCl. The commerce, to which the 

 fea gave them all neceffary accommodations, fumiflied thig 



repreiented by the rhombs on people at the fame time with other means of freeing them- 

 tlie globe thefe circles ara re- felves from poverty. For, at one time, particular towns, at 

 altitude, when fcrewed in the another whole tribes, united to fend colonies to different 



Minor. Ptol — Alfo, a 'pfacc of Africa, in Libya, 

 where, as Herodotus fays, the Cyrenxans eflablifhed them- 

 felvcs. 



AZIRISTUM, an agreeable place in Armenia Minor, 

 over againft Thera, furrounded by hills, and watered by a 

 river. Herodotus. 



AZIZUS, in Mythology, derived from the Syrian aziz, 

 force, an epithet given to Mars, adored at EdefTa. Bryant 

 fays (Anal. Anc. Myth. vol. i. p. 27.), that y!z or yls was 

 one of the titles of the fun, and that Azizus, formed by a 

 reduplication of the fame term, denoted the deity of EdefTa 

 and Syria, and was the fame as Afis and Ifis, made feminine 

 in Egypt, who was fuppofed to be the fifler of Oliris, the fun. 



AZMAVETH, Azr.iOTH, or Bethfsmoth, in yltt- 

 cicnt Geography, a city probably in the tribe of Juda, ad- 

 jacent to Jerufalem and Anathoth. Nehem. vii. 28. xii. 29. 



AZMERE, in Geography. SccAgimere. 



AZMON, in ylncient Geography. See Assemon. 



AZNALCA^AR, in Geography, a town of Spain, in 

 the province of Andalufia ; feven leagues from Seville. 



AZNOTH TABOR, orAzNOTH, in J mienl Geogra- 

 phy, is placed by Eufebius in the plain, not far from Da- 

 mafcus. Jofli. xix. 34. 



AZOCHIS, a town of Pakitine, in Galilee. It was 

 fituated near Sephoris, and taken by Ptolemy. — Alfo, an gian Kozaks, till the year 1752, when it began to be occu- 

 ancient town of Afia, in Mefopotamia. Pliny. pied by colonics from all nations, was one continued walle 



AZOF, in Geography, a town and fortrefs on the Don, fleppe, entirely void of inhabitants, but has lince proved a 

 containing about 3800 inhabitants; diltant from St. Peterf- great acquilition to the indullrj- and trade of the countrj-, 

 burg 1998, and from Mofco 1268 verlls. It is well known under the name of New Servia. The eccleilallical affairs «f 



I the 



ticulariy famous — At what time the town Tana, or the 

 ptefent Azof, fell into the pofTefTion of the Genoefe, is not 

 now to be afcjrtained. It may however be furmifed, that 

 they obtained it from the Polovtzes before the incurlion of 

 the Tartars, and therefore prior to the year 123-, as they 

 would not have been able to cope with the Tartanan forces. 

 The Genoefe were ftill in poffcflion of the Crimea, and at 

 the fame time of Tana or Azof, in 1474, though the Turks 

 had conquered Conllantinople in the year 1453. In 1637, 

 Azof was captured from the Turks by the Kozaks ; and in 

 1642, after being reduced to alhes, it was reconquered by 

 the Turks. On the twenty-eighth of July l6y6, it furrcii- 

 dcred to the arm.s of tzar Peter the Great; who in 171 1, in 

 confequence of the unfortunate affair at the Pruth, rcftored 

 it to the Turks at the treaty of Bender; from the Turks i: 

 was again captured by the Ruffians, in 1739; but by the 

 treaty of Belgrade they were obliged to raze it to the foun- 

 dations. It remained in an abandoned ftatc during thirty 

 years. But in the lail war againft the Turks, Catharine II. 

 caufed it to be rc-edilitd, and it is now in the betl ftate of de- 

 fence. Coins of Azof have been found, bearing on them the 

 name of khan Taktamyfh. 



Azof is fituate in the government of Ekatarinoflaf; which, 

 belonging partly to Little Ruffia and partly to the Zaporo- 



