BAA 



ofFcred to appcafe the manes of the dead. But tliefe facri- 

 liccs or off^nngs of t!ic dead may mean no more than the 

 faerificcs or offerings made to idols, or falfe gods, who are 

 properly called " The dead," in contraJiltinftion to the 

 true God, called in firij/Hirc " The living God." 



BAAL-1'erazim, ill yl::c'fnt. Geography, a place of 

 Paleftine, in the valley of Rephaim, not far from Jerufakm, 

 v.here D-ivid put to flight the Philiillncs. 2 Sam. v. 20. 



BAAL-Samen, or 'S>\A\.-Shemaim, according to the 

 Hebrew mode of expreflion, q, d. the Lord of heaven, in 

 Mylhologv, a deity of the Phncnicians, which was probably 

 the fun, to whom they and the Carthaginians paid divine 

 honours, addreiTuig him with their arms extended. Belifama, 

 or the queen of heaven, was the moon. 



BAAL-Tamar, in /Inder.t Geography, a place of Juda-a, 

 in the tribe of Benjamin, fituate, according to Eufebius, near 

 Gibeah, where the' children of Ifrael engaged the tribe of 

 Benjamin. Judg. xx. 33. 



BAALTIS, in Mythology, a goddefs among the Phoeni- 

 cians, chiefly worlhipped at Byblos; fuppofed by fome to 

 have been tlie fame with the Diana of the Greeks. 



BAAL-ZEBUB. See Beei^elbub. 



BAAL-ZEPHON, orBAAL-xsEPHON, (\.&. ihe god or 

 idol of the north, in Mythology, a deity of the ancient Egyp- 

 tians, fo called, according to to Dr. Shaw, (Trav. p. 309.) 

 ■ill contradiftinction, perhaps, toothers of the Lower Tlicbais, 

 whofe places of worlhip were to the fouth or eaih But if 

 Tzephon he derived from HDii ^^ fPy *"'> o"" ohferve, then 

 Baal-tzephnn will probably fignify the " god of the watch- 

 tower," or " the guardian god," fuch as the Hermes or 

 Terminus ;,f the Romans, the EJopo;- ©io-r of the Greeks, &c. 

 At the temple of this deity, according to the Jerufalem 

 Targum, Pharaoh, when he was purfuing the Ifraelites in 

 their exodus, offered facrifice, waiting till the next day for 

 an attack upon Ifrael, whom he believed his god had deli- 

 vered into his hands ; but, in the mean time, they paifed 

 the Red fea, and cfcaped. 



Baal-Zephon, in Ancient Geography, a place thought by 

 -fome to be a city, oppofite to Pihahiroth, where the Ifraelites 

 encamped before they palTed the Red fea. It was diftiii- 

 guilhed either by its nortliern fitaation, pQ-lf , fignifying tlie 

 north, in Exod. xxvi. 20. Jolh. viii. 11. and in other places 

 of fcriptiire ; or by fome watch-tower or idol temple that 

 was ereftcd upon it. Dr. Saaw fuppofes, that this place 

 was at the eaftern extremity of the mountains of Suez, or 

 Attackah, the muft confpicucus of thefe defcrts ; inafmuch 

 as it overlooks a great part of the lower Thebais, as well as 

 the wildernefs that reaches towards, or which rather makes 

 a part of, the land of the Phillflines. Accordingly Migdol 

 might lie to the fouth, and Baal-tzephcn to the north of 

 Pihahiroth. For the march of the Ifraelites from the edge 

 of the wildernefs being towards the fea, or the fouth-eaft, 

 their encam.pment betwixt Migdol and the fea, or before 

 Migdol, could not well have any other Ctuation. See Exod. 

 xiv. 2. xix. 2. 9. Numb, xxxiii. 7. Eufebius reports, from 

 ancient traditions, that the If.aelltes paffed at Clyfma, the 

 Kolfoum of the Arabs, both of the terms fignifying dc- 

 ftruftion, which was a very cxpreflive appellation, if it was 

 deduced from the deftruftion of the Egyptian army. The 

 Situation of Kolfoum, it has been faid, is near Suez ; and 

 hence it has been thought, that Baal-zephon was at Suez, 

 though Pococke, Shaw, and Bruce, place it farther to the 

 fouth. In fupport of this opinion it has been further alleged, 

 that the appellation Baal-zephon, the god of the north, im- 

 plies, that the temple of this deity flood either on the northern 

 extremity of the Red fea itfelf, or on the northern extre- 

 mity of the gullet called Pihahiroth. " Baal-zephon," 

 fays Bruce {Travels, voK i. p. 233.) " was probably fome 



BAB 



idol's temple, which ferved for a fignal-houfe upon the cape 

 which forms the north- entrance of the bay, oppofite to 

 Jibbd Attakah, where there is ftill a mofquc, or faint's 

 tomb. It was probably a light-hoide, for the direction of 

 fliips going to the bottom of the gulf, to prevent millaking 

 it for another foul bay, under the high land, wliete is alfo 

 a tomb of a faint, called Ahou Dcrage." See Pi h ahiroth. 



BAAL's River, and Bay, in Ceograpy, lie in Weft 

 Greenland, between Bear Sound on thefouth-eall, and Delft's 

 Point on the north-wefl, and oppofite to the mouth of Hud- 

 fon's Strait. 



BAAN, John De, in Biography, an eminent portrait, 

 painter, was born at Haerlem, in 1633, '""^ after receiv- 

 ing inllructions in the art of painting from his uncle Pienians, 

 purfued his (Indies with lingular afilduity under Bakker, at 

 Amllerdam. Having determined to form himfclf upon the 

 model of Vaudyck, his merit was foon univerfally known ; 

 and he was invited by Charles I. to London, where he pain- 

 ted the portraits of the king, queen, and chief nobility at 

 court, and was much admired for the elegance of his atti- 

 tudes, and alfo for his clean, natural, and lively tone of co- 

 louring. Upon his return to the Hague, he painted a noble 

 portrait of the duke of Zell, for which he received a fum 

 amounting nearly to 500 1. The bell of De Baan's per- 

 fornwnces is the portrait of prince Maurice of Naffau, in 

 the execution of which he exerted the utmoft efforts of hi» 

 pencil. He died in 1702. Pilkington. 



Baan, jfacob de, the fon of the former, was born at the 

 Hague in 1673 ; and having acquired eminence as a painter 

 under the inllrutlion and by the example of his father, he 

 came over to England about the age of twenty, among the 

 attendants of William III., where he was favourably re- 

 ceived. From England, where he gained by his perfor- 

 mances in portrait-painting diftinguifhed reputation, he tra- 

 velled through Tufcany to Rome, and he there devoted 

 himfelf to the profecution of his ftudies. However, though 

 he gained a confiderablc fum of money by painting fcveral 

 portraits and converfations, during his refidence at Rome, 

 lie fquandered it away by various modes of profufion and 

 cxpence. His prematurre death, at the age of twenty- 

 feven, A.D. 1700, and the previous intermiffion of his afli- 

 duity, prevented his arriving at that excellence of which his 

 talents were capable. Pilkington. 



BAANITES, in Ecclefwjlical Hijlory, the followers of 

 Baancs, who adopted and diffeminated the Manichean no- 

 tions in the ninth centur)-, about the year 810. 



BAAR, in Geography, a landgraviate of Germany, in the 

 circle of Swabia.belonging to Furftenberg, fituate to the eafl 

 of Brifgau. The fource of the Danube is in this territory. 



BAARAS, BAHARAs,orBACHARAs,in5o/flny, anextra- 

 ordinary kiudof root, faid togro won mount Lebanon, in a valley 

 called Baaras, whence the name, near the city Macheron. 



By the account which Jofephus gives of it, it feemsto be 

 a fort of vegetable phofphorus, for he reprefents it as of a 

 flame colour, emitting rays of light in the night, and difap- 

 pearing by day. 



BAARIOU, in Geography, a river of Afia, in Kamt- 

 fchatka, which runs in a valley between two mountains. 



BAAT, in the language of the Siamefe, anfwering to 

 t'tcul ill that of the Chincfe, denotes a weight and coin cur- 

 rent in thofe kingdoms, it weighs about half an ounce. 



BABA, in Biography, a Turcoman impoflor, and pre- 

 tender to prophecy, who appeared among the Mahometans, 

 i)i the city of Amafia in Natolia, in the year of the He- 

 gira <538_, A.D. 1240, and who feduced a great multitude 

 of folhiwers. One of his difciplts, named Ifaac, publiflied 

 his commiffion, and gained a number of adherents. Baba 

 and Ifaac concurred in commencing afts of hoflility againft 



all 



