BAG 



BAG 



married women to abllain from the feads of Bacchus, and 

 Ceres, and ttie mother of the gods. Hence that laying of 

 AriHippus, mentioned by Sextus Empiriciis, concerning a 

 chafte woman, •' Tliat (lie will not b-J coiTupted even at the 

 Bacchanals;" intimating the great danger of being vitiated 

 that attended thtfc fcftivals. 



Bacchamalia, Bacchanals, is alfo a name given to pic- 

 tures, or bafio-relievos, whereon the feafl is rcprefented, con- 

 fiding chiefly of dancings, nudities, and the like. Of thefe 

 baflb- relievos, we have feven or eight in the " Monument! 

 jnediti" of Wiskelmann. They arc alfo exhibited on a fine 

 vafe of agate, preferved in the abbey of St. Denis, in 

 France. 



There are antique bacchanals ftill feen on feveral an- 

 cient friezes. The bacchanals painted by Poufm are ex- 

 cellent. 



In the Juftinian garden at Rome, there is a marble vafe 

 of mofl precious workmanfliip, upon which is a reprefenta- 

 tion of thefe orgies of Bacchus. The vafe, from the beauty 

 of its fcidpture, is fuppofcd to be by the hand of Saiiriis. 

 The whole pomp of one of thele proceffions is there admira- 

 bly reprefciited ; in which are intioduced Bacchus, the 

 Bacchanals, the Msnades, the players on flutes, matrons 

 and virgins, with the crotalum or cyrabalum, and tympa- 

 num; fawns and fatyrs, holding in their hands vafes and 

 cups; oriefts leading the viiftims di-Pcincd for facrifice, fiich as 

 the boar, the he-goat, and the bull ; and, lafl;!y, old Silenus, 

 drunk, upon his af?, which he is hardly able to guide. Bur- 

 ney's Hill. Muf. vol. i. p. 300. 



Some writers call the llomifh Carnaval, the Chr'iflian 

 Bacchiinaliii. 



BACCHARIS, in 5o/<7?j)', ploughman's fpikenard. Lin. 

 949. Schreb. 1285. Gxrtn. t. 166. JutT. 180. Claf?, Syn- 

 genefia polygam'ia Juperjlua. Nat. Ord. Compofittc. Corymbi- 

 fcre Juflr. Gen. Char. Cal. common, cyhndric, imbricate ; 

 fcales linear, acute. Cor. compound, equal; coroUuIes her- 

 maphrodite and female mixed; proper, to the hermaphrodite, 

 •funsiel-form, five-cleft; to the females, fcarcely apparent, 

 almoll rione. Stam. filaments five, capillary, very fmall; an- 

 thers cylindric, tubular. Pijl- germ ovate; llyle fuiform, 

 the length of the flower; fligma bifid. Per. none. Calyx 

 unchanged. Seeds, folitary, very (hort, oblong; down fim- 

 ple. Ric. naked. 



E{f. Gen. Ciiar. Qui. imbricate, cylindric; florets female, 

 mixed with hermaphrodites; down fimple. Recept. naked. 

 Obf. This genus fcarcely differs from that of conyza. 



Species, l. B. ivrtfJia, Peruvian ploughman's fpikenard. 

 Eupatorium Africanum, &c. Pliik. Phyt. t. 328. f. z. 

 " Leaves lanceolate, lonEritudinally tooth-ferrate." Five or 

 fix feet high. The female florets with a trifid corolla are 

 very abundant. Tne hermaphrodites at the diflv arc few and 

 five-cleft; fcales of the calyx in a ftate of maturity fp'ead 

 very much; florets of the dill< barren, of the ray fertile, 

 fvdiulate, fcarcely toothed ; recept. conical. A native of 

 America. Cultivated at the Chelfea garden in 1696. 2. B. 

 mrifol'ia, oleander-leaved ploughman's fpikenard. " Leaves 

 lanceolate, ferrate at the upper part with one or two tooth- 

 lete." This rifes, with a foft fhrubby ilalk, to the height 

 of eight or ten feet. Flowers of an herbaceous colour, pro- 

 duced in fpikes at the extremities of the branches. 3. B. 

 arlorea. " Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, quite entire, naked, 

 petiolcd." About three feet high, with a trunk the 

 thickncfs of the human arm. Leaves alternate, acute, 

 rough ; the terminal corymbs panicled. Obferved in 

 woods on the iflaid of Johanna, by Koenig. 4. B. halnii- 

 folia, fea-purfane-leaved ploughman's fpikenard, or ground- 

 fel tree. " Leaves obovatc, emarginate-crenate in the up- 



per part." Stems flirubby, fix feet high; leaves many, 

 like thofe of goofe-foot, but differ, irregularly placed on 

 the branches; flowers crowded, naked, at the ends of 

 the twigs, not handfome, fo that it is rather for the foliage 

 of the plant, which continues green throughout the year, 

 that it is ufually cultivated. A native of North America. 

 Cultivated by bi.liop Compton in 1688. 5. B. D'wfcor'idh . 

 " Leaves broad, lanceolate, toothed, ft-fliie, ftipuled." 

 Shrubby, fix feet high ; leaves alternate, half llem-clafping, 

 deeply indented at the bafc, foft; panicles iinall ; calyx 

 fhorter than the flower. It is wrongly named Baccharis of 

 Diofcoride?, fee Supp. Plant. 367. A native of Egypt. 

 6. B. iml/ca, " Leaves obovate, tooth-letted, petioled." 

 Leaves fmooth ; branches with raifed ftrcaks; corymb large, 

 terminating ; peduncles angular, with fubulate bracles ; ca- 

 lyxes cylindric, fmooth. A native of Ceylon, and the cape 

 of Good Hope. 7. B. brafitiana. " Leaves obovate, entire, 

 fcabrous, fcfTde, veined underneath." Stem fomewhat an- 

 gular ; leaves obtufe, almoll quite entire ; panicles nearly 

 naked, with remote alternate flowers; down fcnuginous. 

 It differs from the indica in having (lilfer, feffile, and fcarcely 

 toothed leaves, and its dowers larger, fewer, and more re- 

 mote. A native of Brafil. 8. B. falida. " Leaves Ian- 

 ceolate, ferrate-toothed, corymbs leafy." Six or feven feet 

 high ; leaves long, hoary on the under fide, of a difagree- 

 able fmell when handled ; corymbs terminal. A native of 

 North.Amcrica. Cultivated here in 1729. 9. B. chlncnjis. 

 Lour. Coch. 494. " Leaves lanceolate, quite entire, tornen- 

 tofe beneath, ilalked; peduncles many-flowered, axillary." 

 An undcr-lhrub, three feet high, eredl, fimple, round ; 

 leaves alternate, flalked ; flowers yellow, oblong. A na- 

 tive of China, near Canton. 



Propagation and Culture. Species I. may be propagated 

 by cuttings, planted in a Ihady border, during any of the 

 fummer months ; or by feeds fown on a common border in 

 the fpring. If planted in a warm fituation, it will live in 

 mild winters in the open air ; but it is ufually kept in the 

 green-houfe, and placed <jut in fummer. It requires much 

 water in warm weather. The fecond fpecies is difficult to 

 propagate, for the cuttings wAl fcldom take root, and it 

 rarely has ilioots near the ground to lay down, fo that in 

 Holland they lay down the entire head of young plants, 

 flitting the fmaller branches, in the fame manner as is prac- 

 tifed for carnations, laying them into the ground, and fork- 

 ing each down to prevent their rifmg : thefe, wlieii' duly 

 watered, will put out roots in one year, when they may be 

 taken off, and pla.it-rd in fmall pots filled with light earth, 

 and placed in the fhade till they have taken new root. In 

 fummer they ought to be kept in a flieltered fituation, and 

 in the green-houfe in winter. The fourth fpecies may be pro- 

 pagated by cuttings planted in April or May, in a fliady bor- 

 der, and if properly watered they will be fit for tranfplantiiio- 

 in the places where they are to remain at Michaelmas. The 

 eighth fpecies maybe alfo propagated by cuttings, which in 

 about two months take root, when they are to be potted 

 and kept under a frame during the winter. The others are 

 more tender and require the proteftion of a ftove, but 

 are little known in this country. See Martyn's Miller's 

 Dicl. 



Baccharis. See Athanasia, Chrysocoma, Co- 

 nyza. 



Baccharis was alfo the name of a fweet ointment among 

 the ancients, fo called pcrhpas from this herb's being a prin- 

 cipal ingredient in it. 



BACCHAROIDES. See Conyza. 

 BACCHI, in JiTuchanics, a kind of ancient machines, in 

 form of goats, uftd by Jupiter in his wars againll tl e giants. 



Rudbeck 



