B A C 



lyre, the fill*?, and with fong ; but that he was accompa- 

 iii«d by fawns and fatyrs playing upon timbrels, cymbals, 

 bagpipes, and horns ; thet; Suidas calls his miiillreU ; and 

 Strabo gives them the appellations of Bacchi, Silcni, Sa- 

 tyri, Bacchse, h'n-.x, Thys, Mannillones, Naiades, Nymphs, 

 and Tityri. Tiiefe reprefentations have furnifhed fubjedtg 

 for the fineft remains of ancient fciilpture ; and the mod 

 volnpt'.i nis paffages of ancient poetiy are defcriptions of 

 the orgies and fcllivals of Bacchus. 



Nonnus, an Egyptian of Pentapolis, who lived in the fifth 

 century, has collcfted all ilie fabulous adventures of Bac- 

 chus, and exhibited them in a beautiful, but irregular, poem, 

 under the title of " Dionyfiacs." Sec Dionvsiaca, and 



NoNNUS. 



The Grecian Br>.cchus, the god of wine and fong, is ufu- 

 ally reprefcnted under the figure of a jolly beardlefs youth, 

 crowned with ivy (that plant, as it is faid, being reputed an 

 antidote to the intoxicating tffcfls of wine), and alfo vine- 

 leaves ; bearing in one hand a fpear or thyrfus, wrapped 

 with the fame, and in the other, r.rapes, a cup or a horn 

 for drinking ; and drawn on a car by tigers and panthers. 

 He is fometimts exhibited with a mitre on the head, or a 

 kind ol bajid or fillet raifed in front, and falling back over 

 the fhoulders, and with his temples ornamented by horns. 

 Thefe horns originated from the relation he fntlained to the 

 fun, whofe rays were thus reprefcnted. On the Greek me- 

 dais, Bacchus is known by his crown of ivy or vine, his 

 diadem and horn, with a tiger and fatyrs around him. 



Bacchus, m Experimental Philofophj, is the name of a 

 fmall brafs apparatus (Pneiima/ics, PL IX. Jig. 73.) feated 

 on a cail<, with a tube proceeding from the mouth to the 

 barrel ; this is filled with red wine, or coloured water, fo 

 that being put under a receiver, when the air is exhaufted, 

 the liquor is thrown up into his mouth, by the expanllon 

 of confined air, and the rcfy god feemis to be at his ufaal 

 employment ; while he is drinking, his belly expands, which 

 is efl'edted bv a bladder, containing a fmall quantity of air, 

 concealed under his fhirt. 



BACCHYLIDES, in Bingmphy, a celebrated Greek 

 lyric poet, the nephew of Simonides, was a native of the 

 ifland of Cecs, and flouWihed in the Sad olympiad, B. C. 

 452. He is reckoned the laft of the nine lyric poets of 

 ancient Greece. The purity of his ftyle, the corrcdtnefs 

 of his manner, and the regular and connefted beauties of 

 his work (SecLongin. de Sublim. c. 33.), obtained for him 

 an applaufe of which Pindar might have been jealous. 

 Thefe two poets divided, for fome tim.e, the favour of king 

 Hiero, and the fuiTrages of his courtiers ; but when the 

 royal patronage no longer prevented each from taking his 

 true place, Pmdar feared to the ftaes, and Bacchylidcs re- 

 mained on earth. The compcfitions of Bacchylides confilled 

 of hymns, odes, and epigrams, which abounded in moral 

 fentiment ; fo that the emperor Julian, according to Am- 

 rnianus Marcellinus, was fo much delighted with them, 

 tliat he was frequently accuftomed to repeat his verfes. 

 Horace is faid foractimes to have imitated him in fome of 

 his pieces, particularly in the prophecy of Nereus, which 

 was fuggefted by the Greek poet's vaticination of Caflan- 

 dra. Some fragments only of Bacchylides now remain. 

 Anacharfis, vol. vi. p. 342. 



BACCHYLUS, a Chriftian divine, was bilhop of Co- 

 rinth in the fecond centur)-. He is mentioned by Eufcbius, 

 with Polycratcs biihop of Aiitioch, and others, who had 

 left teftimonies of the orthodoxy of their faith in writing. 

 He afterwards fpeaks of a letter written by Bacchylus, 

 about the time of celebrating Eafler. Jerom, in his Cata- 

 logue, fays, thatBaccb.ylus, bifliop of Corinth, who flou- 



B A C 



riflied in the time of the emperor Severus, wrote an elegant 

 book about Eafter, in the naine of all the bifliops of Achaia. 

 His works are loft. Eufcb. H. E. 1. v. c. 22, 23. p. 190* 

 Hieron. de Vir. lUuftr. c. 44. Lardner's Works, vol. ii. 



P- 305- 



BACCIFEROUS Plants, in Jiolany, are fuch as bear 

 berries, i. e. fruit, covered with a thin membrane, wherein 

 is contained a pulp, which grows foft and moift when ripe,- 

 and inclofes the feed within its fubliance. The baccii'erouj 

 trees Mr. Ray divides into four kinds : i. Such as bear 3 

 caliculate, or naked berry, tiie flower and calyx both fall- 

 ing off together, and leaving the berry bare, as the faffa- 

 fras tree, &c. 2. Such as have a naked monopyrenous 

 fruit, that is, containing in it only one feed; as the arb'itUJ, 

 the terebinthus, l^ntifcus, &c, 3. Such as have a naked, 

 but a polypyrenous fruit, that is, containing two or more 

 kernels or feeds within it, as the jafminum, hguftrum, &c. 

 4. Such as have their fruit compofed of many alcini or 

 round foft balls, fct clofe together, like a bunch of grapes; 

 as the uva marina, the rubus vulgaris, rubus Idsus, and 

 the rubus minor fruflu cceruleo. 



BACCINIUM, or Baccina, iny/n//^u;/y,abafon orvcffel. 

 to hold water to walh the hands. The holding the bafon, or 

 waiting at the bafon, on the day of the king's coronation, was 

 an ancient tenure in ferjcantr)'. Lib. Rub. Scaccar. f. 137. 



BACCFCI,or Bacici, in Biography. See Gauli. 



BACCIO, Fra. Bartolomeo, called BarUlemi di S. 

 Marco, a painter of hillory and portrait, was born at Sa- 

 vignane, near Florence, in 1469, and became a difciple of 

 Cofimo RofcUi ; but derived his principal knowledge in 

 the art of painting from Leonardo da Vinci. He under- . 

 flood the true principles of dcfign better than moft mailers 

 of his time, and was alfo a couliderable painter in perfpec- 

 tive ; fo that he directed the ftudics of Raphael with regard 

 to the art of managing and uniting colours, as well as the 

 rules of perfpeftive. Some years after Raphael left Flo- 

 rence, Baccio vifitcd Rome ; and by the obfervaiions he 

 made on the antiques, and the works of Raphael, he made 

 great improvement, which was m.anifefted in his pifture of 

 St. Scballian. This pidture, which he finifhed after his re- 

 turn to Florence, was fo well defigncd, fo naturally and 

 beautifully coloured, and had alfo fuch an expreflion of pain 

 and agony, that it was removed from public view in the 

 chapel of the convent, becaufe it made too ftrong an impref- 

 fion on the imaginations of many women who beheld it. 

 He was very laborious, and ftudied nature ; he dcfigned the 

 naked correif\ly ; his figures had much gn.ce, and his co- 

 louring was admirable. To him is afcribtd the firft inven- 

 tion of the machine called by the artilts a layrr.an, and at 

 tliis day generally ufcd. llpon this he placed his draperio*, 

 for the purpofe of more accurately obfe; vjng their natural 

 and their more elegant folds. A capital pie:iire of the Af- 

 cenCon by Baccio is in the Florentine ColleAion. He died 

 in 1517. Pilkington. 



BACCIUS, Andrew, a native of Ancona, prad^ifcd 

 medicine at Rome, towards the end of the 1 6th century. 

 He was phyfician to Cardinal Afoanio Columna, and after- 

 wards to pope Sixtus the fifth. x\ man of indefatigable in- 

 duftry, and of great genius a;;d learaing, as his numerous 

 publications teftify. The principal of them " De Thermis, 

 Lacuhus, Flimiinibus, et Balneis totius Orbis," hb. vii. was 

 firll printed at Venice, 1571; again 15SS ; then at Rome, 

 1622 ; at Padua, 1711, folio. The laft edition is augmented' 

 with an eighth book, containing analyfes of the different mi- 

 neral waters, with obfervations exiracftd from other writers 

 on the fubjetl. Wc have alfo of this author, treadfes, 

 " De Veaeiiis, ct de Antidoiis," 410. Rome, 1586; " D& 



Dignitatc 



