BAG 



tVa^, i'ntitled, " The Catechifm of ihe Palatinate," he cited 

 tlie writings of the fathers in defence of Calyinifm. His 

 fon, of the f;\me name, was profcfTor of civil law in the 

 univerfitv of Heidelberg, which he filled with diftinguiHied 

 reputation for more than 20 years, till the city was taken by 

 count Tilly, and the iiniverlity was diffolved by the tleftor 

 Palatine. Upon this event, he quitted Heidelberg; but 

 having fuffered many difappointments and vexations on ac- 

 count of his Proteitant principles, he returned to Heidel- 

 berg, and having united with the Catholic church, he was 

 reiVored to his office upon the re-eftablifliment of the univer- 

 fity. His works, bcfides other hw trads, are " Exercita- 

 tiones ad partem pofteriorem Chihados Fabri," publilhed in 

 1624, folio ; " De Aftionibus," 1626 ; " De Pignoribus 

 et Hypothecis," 1627;" Difputationes de variis Juris Ci- 

 vilis Materiis," 8vo. Heidelberg, 1604; and " In Inititu- 

 tionum Juris JulHniani Libros quatuor Commentaiii," 410. 

 Trancf. 1628. Gen. Dicl. Nouv. Did. Hill. 



BACHSTELZE, {IVqlfe Bnchpijfc), in Ornithology, 

 the name of the Motacilla Alba, or white wag-tail, in 

 Frifch. Hid. Birds. 



BACHU, in Geograph. See Baku. 



BACILLARIA, in Natural injlury, a genus of Ver- 

 mes Infiiforia in Gmelin's Syft. Nat. of which only a fingle 

 fpecies is defcribed, viz. paradoxa. In this genus the body 

 confifts of ilraw-like cylinders placed parallel to each other, 

 and frequently changes its diiefkion and arrangement. Miill. 

 Gmel. &c. 



BACILLARIS, a fpecies of T/enia, with the head 

 rounded, and probofcis pyriform ; joints extremely narrow, 

 and refembling pieces of ftraw placed on each other. Goeze. 

 Infefts the inteftines of the mole ; fize of a very fine thread; 

 neck without joints. 



BACILLI, or Baculi, in the Materia Metlica, (ach 

 compofitions as are made up in a cylindrical figure, like a 

 flick ; thus called from the Latin Laculus, ajlajf. Sec Lo- 



iENGE. 



BACINET, in yfncient Armour. See Bassinet. 



BACK. See Dorsum. 



Back Bone. See Spine. 



Back, in the Manege, and among Farriers. A horfe's 

 back (hould be flraight, not hollow, which is called faddlc- 

 bached; horfes of this kind are generally light, and carry 

 their heads high, but are deficient in ftrength and fervice. A 

 horfe with a weak back is apt to ftumlile. 



In the French riding-fchools, to mount a horfe a dos, is 

 to mount him bare backed, without a faddle. 



Back, in Brewing, a large flat kind of tub or vefTel, 

 wherein the wort is put to fland and cool before boihng. 



The ingredients of beer pafs through three kinds of 

 vefTels. 



They are mafhed in one, worked in another, and cooled 

 in a third, called backs or coolers. 



To gauge a Breiuer's Back. Mofl backs have their 

 fides flraight ; in cafe, however, they be not, but make either 

 an acute or obtufe angle with the bottom, the true length 

 and breadth mud be carefully taken in the middle of every 

 inch in depth -, from whence the area may be found upon 

 every tenth. For finding the area of the back, this rule 

 mufl be obferved, to multiply the length by the breadth, 

 and divide by 282 ; which gives the contents in ale gallons. 



To Jind the true dip of a Back. Becaufe backs are not 

 placed level, but Hoping, for conveniency of drawing off 

 the wort ; therefore, were the dip taken in too deep a 

 place, the fubjeft would be wronged ; as would the king, 

 if it were taken in too (hallow a part ; to guard againfl 

 which, as many dips as are thought convenient mufl be 

 taken ; thefe being added together, and divided by the 



BAG 



number of dips, will give a mean depth. When this is 

 done, trial being made in different parts of the back, until 

 one is found which anfwers exactly to the mean depth ; let 

 a mark or notch be made at the fide of the back, to point 

 it out as the true dipping place ■iov the future. 



The bottom of large backs ought to be every where 

 equally and well fupported, to fccure them from warping, 

 which elfe they will do, more and more as they grow older. 

 Thofe who make backs and other veffels for brewers, 

 are denominated back-makers ; and the workrhanlliip confills 

 partly of carpentry and partly of cooperage. 



Back, in the Dijlillery, a veffel in which hquor is put to 

 be fermented. 



Back, or Dutchman's Cap, in Geography, one of the 

 fmall iflands of Scotland, eleven miles fouth-eall of Coll. 



Back, Iron, is a large plate of call iron, frequently adorned 

 with figures in low relievo, intended to prcfcrve the flone- 

 vvork of a chimney-back, and to refledl the heat of the fire. 



Back a Ship, To, in Sea Language : when the wind is 

 crofs, or nearly off (hore, or in the oppofite direftion, fhips 

 will always back by the miz8n top-fail, affiiled, if necelTary, 

 by the mizen flay -fail. If there be no mizen top -fail, the 

 main top-fail is ufed. In backing, always keep a flight 

 cable, to wind the fhip, that the anchor may be drawn round. 

 If the wind be not fuiEcient for this purpofe, the fliip mufl 

 be hove a-peak. 



Back the Anchor, is to carry out a fmall anchor a-head 

 of the large one, in order to fupport it in bad ground, and 

 to prevent its loofening or coming home. 



Back a-Jlern, in rowing, is to impel the boat with her 

 flcrn foremoll, by means of the oars. 



Back of the Pojl. See Stern-Po/?. 



Back the Sails, is to put them in a fituation that will 

 occafion the fliip to retreat or move a-flern. This opera- 

 tion, however, is only performed in narrow channels, when 

 a fhip is carried along fideways by the tide or current, and 

 flrives to avoid any thing that may interrupt her progrefs, 

 as fhonls, vefTcls at anchor. Sec. or in the line of battle, 

 when a fliip would put herfelt into a fituation oppofite to 

 another with which fhe is engaged. 



BACKBEROND, or Backberend, in Laiu llYiters, 

 denotes a criminal caught can-)-ing ofl fomething on his 

 back. 



In this fenfe Brafton ufes it for a fpecies of what the 

 civilians call manifell ihtit, furtum nwnfejlurn. 



In the Forejl Laivs, backberond is one of the four cir- 

 cumllanccs, or cafes, wherein a foreller may arreft the body 

 of an offender againfl vert or venifon in the forefl. The 

 others srejlahle-jland, d»g-dranjo, and lloody-lyand. 



BACK-^o/7?-(/, in Maritime Affairs, is of a femicircular 

 figure, placed tranfverfely in the after-part of a boat, like 

 the back of a chair, to recline againfl while fitting in the 

 flernflieets. 



BACKELEYS, in Zoology, a denomination, derived 

 from backeley, which in the Hottentot language fignifies 

 •war, and given by the Hottentots to thofe oxen which 

 they train for war and ufe with fuccefs, as the Indians em- 

 ploy the elephants in their combats. In all their armies 

 there are confiderable troops of thefe oxen, which are 

 eafily governed, and which are let loofe by the chief, when 

 a proper opportunity occurs. They inflautly dart with im- 

 petuofity on the enemy ; flriking with their horns, kicking, 

 and trampling under their feet every thing that oppofes 

 their fury. By running furioufly into the ranks and put- 

 ting them into diforder, they prepare an eafy viftory for 

 their maflers. Thefe animals are likewife of great ufe in 

 guarding the flocks. At the fmallefl fignal from the keeper, 

 they collect and bring back thofe that wander ; and they 



alfo 



