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Proteftant and Catholic cantons, Baden was befiegcd and 

 taken by the troops of Zuric and Bern ; and at the peace 

 of Aran, it was ceded to thofe two cantons and Glariis^ 

 which, on account of its ncutrahty, prefervcd its right of 

 joint fovereigntv. Until 1712, the diet affembled at Ba- 

 den ; but was 'afterwards transferred to Fraiienheld. The 

 three cantons alternately appointed a bniliff, who refided in 

 the caftle. The inhahitauts elected their own niagiilrates, 

 and had their own jiidic^nl courts. In civil proceedings, an 

 appeal lies to the'bailiif, and from his decifion to the fyn- 

 dicate, compofed of the deputies of the three cantons, and 

 in the laft refort to the three cantons themfelves. In penal 

 caufes, the criminal com t condemns, and the bailifl enjoys 

 the power of pardoning, or mitigating the fentence. This 

 bailliage comprehends abou.t 13S fquarc geographical miles, 

 and contains 24,000 jjerfons. In conl'equence of the French 

 revolution, a new divifion took place in 1798 ; the county 

 of Baden, the free bailliages, and a fiiiall portion of the 

 fouth-weftern part of Zuric, were conftituted one of the 

 18 Swifs departments or cantons, and Baden was its capi- 

 tal ; but according to the conftitution of the 29th of May 

 1801, Argovie, re-united with Baden and with the upper 

 part of the Frickthal, was made one of the 17 departments 

 or cantons of Swiflerland ; and fix reprefentatives were 

 -appointed to be deputed by it to the diet;. The foil of this 

 dillriftis fertile ; in general it abounds with grain and fruit, 

 and on the fides of the Liminatt it produces wine. The 

 mountains yield excellent free-llone, marble, and iron ore. 

 The (greater number of the inhabitants are Roman Ca- 

 tholics. 



Baden, the capital of the above diftrift or canton, is 

 fituated on the fide of the river Limmatt, in a plain flanked 

 by two hills, between which the river runs. It derived its 

 name and its origin from the warm baths in its neighbour- 

 hood, which w^ere famous before the Chrillian vEra, and are 

 ■mentioned by the ancients under the name of y/y«^ and 

 Therm£ Heheticic. It was a Roman fortrefs, eretled to 

 curb the Alcmanni or Germans, and was i-afed when the 

 Helvetians, who fupported Otho, were routed by Cxcina, 

 general to Vittllius. Being rebuilt, it was taken by the 

 Germans; fell afterwards under the dominion of the Franks, 

 was in the tenth century incorpinated in the German em- 

 pire, and became fucce.Tivelv fubjcft to the diikes of Zoc- 

 ringen, to the counts of Kyburgh, and to Rhodolph of 

 Hapfburgh. When his defcendant Frederic, duke of Auf- 

 tria, was put under tlie ban of the empire, in 141 8, it came 

 into the poffcffion of the canton of Zuric, which pinchafed 

 it of the emperor Sigifmoiid, and fubjeftcd it to the eight 

 cantons. (Sec the preceding article.) Many monuments of 

 antiquity have been found in this place; fuch as ftatues of 

 feveral heathen gods, made of alabafter ; Roman coins, 

 formed of bronze, of AiiguHus, Vefpafian, Decius, &c.; 

 and feveral medals of the Roman emperors, of gold, filver, 

 copper, and bronze. Tliere are two churches in this city ; 

 one collegiate, and the other a niouallcry of capuchins, 

 near the town-huufe, in which the diet formerly afteinbled. 

 Before the caflle, which is tlie refuiciice of the bailiff, there 

 is a ftone-pillar, ereCled in honour of the emperor Trajan, 

 who paved in this country a road eighty-five Italian miles 

 long. The inhabitants are rigid Roman Catholics, and were 

 formerly infolent in their behaviour towards the Proteftants. 

 The baths are feated on each fide of the river, about a 

 quarter of a league from the city. Adjacent to the fmall 

 baths is a village, and to the large, a town, feated on a hill 

 of fteepafcent. The water of the baths is conveyed to inns 

 and private houfes by means of pipes, of which there are 

 about fixtv. And in the middle of the towns there are 

 public baths, fupplied by a fpring in the ftreet, where the 



8 



BAD 



poor may bathe gratis. All the baths are hot, and thev are 

 ufed for drinking as well as for bathing. They fervc, like 

 others of a fimilar kind, to give relief in a variety of dif- 

 cafes. (See Waters, Medidnal.) About a mile from Ba- 

 den, at a place called Wettingen, where the Limmatt flows 

 with the greated rapidity, tlicre is a beautiful piece of mc- 

 chanifm, which is a wooden bridge, 240 feet long, and fuf- 

 pended above twenty feet from the furface of the water. It 

 was the lall work of Grubenman, the felf-taught architefl, 

 and exceeds in elegance that of Schaffhaufen. Mr. Coxe 

 (Trav. Swiff, vol. i. 137.) has given a geometrical elevation 

 of it. Baden is diilant 14I miles from Zuric. N. lat.47"' 

 21'. E. long. 8' 12'. 



Baden, a margravate of Germany, in the circle of . Swa- 

 bia, is divided into the upper and lower margravate. The 

 upper, or tlie marqiiifate of Baden-Baden, terminates well- 

 ward on the Rhine, though a fmall part of it lies wcfl of 

 that river, and is bounded on the north-well by the lower 

 margravate of Baden-Durlach, on the call by the duchy of 

 Wurtemberg and the county of Ebcrllein, and on the fouth 

 by the Ortenau and the Brifgau. The principal towns are 

 Riiftadt, Baden, Etlingen, Stcinbach, and Stolhuflen. The 

 margrave is a fovereign prince, and has a vote in the college 

 of princes. The eftablifhed religion is Roman catholic. 

 The lowei margravate, or that of Baden-Durlach, is bound- 

 ed on the weft by the Rhine, on the fouth by the upper 

 margravate of Baden, en the eail by the duchy of Wur- 

 temberg, and on the north by the bifliopric of Spire. The 

 principal towns are Carlfruhe, Durlach, Pforzheim, Muhl- 

 burg, and Emmingen. This prince has two votes in the 

 college of princes, one for Baden-Durlach, and the other 

 for the margravate of Stockberg, which belongs to him, 

 and lies in and along the Brifgau. The reigning family, 

 and the country in general, profefs Eutheranifm, with a tole- 

 ration of Protellants, Catholics, and Jews at Carlfruhe. The 

 whole margravate of Baden is a populous and fertile counliy, 

 abounding with corn, hemp, flax, bccs-wax, wood, and 

 wine. Veuifon and wild-fowl are fo plentiful that they are 

 the common diet of the peafants. Their hogs, being fed 

 with chefnuts. furnifh excellent bacon. They have free- 

 flone for building, marble of various colours, and fome 

 agate. Manufaftures are much encouraged, and the coun- 

 try is in a flourifhing condition. The territories of the 

 margrave of Baden comprehend 832 fquare miles, and 

 200 000 inhabitants. The annual revenue is eflimatcd at 

 i,200,C00 florins ; and the mihtary eftablifliment conlifls of 

 3000 men, of whom 300 are cavalry. 



Baden, a town of Germany, and capital of the upper 

 margravate of Baden, is feated on the river Oalbach near 

 the Rhine, among vineyards. It has a fine caflle, on the 

 top of a mountain, where the prince often refides during the 

 fummer. It is famous for its hot baths, whence it derives 

 its name: difl;ant four miles fouth from Rafladt. N. lat. 

 48^46'. E.long. 9<'24'. 



Baden, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of Auf- 

 tria, feated on the river Schwocha, and much frequented on 

 account of its baths. The town is walled, and has three 

 churches; twelve miles S. S. W. from Vienna. N. lat. 48° 

 3'. E.long. 16° 12'. 



BADENOCH, a diftrid forming the eaflern part of 

 Invernefs-fhire, in Scotland, extending from call to weil 

 about thirty-three miles, and in the broadell part twenty- 

 feven miles from norih-eafl to fouth-weft. It is barren and 

 hilly, and abounds with deer and game. 



BADENS, Francis, \a Blogiaphy, a painter of hiltory 

 and portraits, was born at Antwerp, in 1 571, and acquired 

 the full rudiments of the art from his father ; and, by vifit- 

 ing Rome and other parts of Italy, acquired a good taftc 



