B A I 



lent pafiior.s, but not habitually cruel ; a lover of jufiice in 

 the rough fummary way pradiled by arbitrar)- princes ; in- 

 fatiably ambitious, and much addicted to the erection of 

 pompous edifices for ufe or oftentation. Anc. Un. Hift. 

 vol. XV. p. 202. Gibbon's Hift, vol. xi. p. 321. vol. xii. 17. 

 28. 30. 



Bajazet II., fultan of the Turks, fucceeded his father 

 Mahomet II. in 148 1. After being freed from the compe- 

 tition of his brother Zizim, or Jem, he engaged, like his 

 predeceffors, in wars, and made conquelU in Moldavia and 

 Caramania ; and he maniftfted the ferocity of his o^-n dif- 

 pofition by putting to death, at an entertainment in his pa- 

 lace, his famous general Achmet. His war with the fultan 

 of Egypt terminated in the ruin of the latter power ; but 

 at its co.mmencement Bajazet loft a great number of troops 

 in an invafion of Syria. He afterwards overran Cirtaflia, 

 and can-ied many of its inhabitants into captivity. On 

 the expullion of the Moors from Spain, Bajazet, at the 

 head of the Mahometan religion, was folicited to revenge 

 their caufe ; and he fent a fleet into the Mediterranean, 

 which defeated the Chriftian navy, and ravaged the coafts. 

 He afterwards reduced Croatia and Bofnia. In comphance 

 with the requeft of Sforza, duke of Milan, he declared 

 war againft the Venetians, and invaded and plundered Fri- 

 uli. I^Iarching in perfon into the Morea, he took Lepanto, 

 Moden, and Durazzo ; but in 1503, peace took place be- 

 tween him and the Venetians, who had taken poffeflion of 

 Cephalonia. Befides thefe foreign wars, Bajazet encounter- 

 ed many civil commotions, occalioned by the rebellion of 

 his fon Selim. The iffue of thefe contefts was the rcfignation 

 of the crown to his fon, upon which Bajazet, wifhing to live 

 in peace and retirement at Demotica, fet out on a journey 

 thither, attended by a few friends. His progrefs was flow, 

 and his fon fufptcted that he was waiting for fome favour- 

 able turn in his affairs ; and therefore his death, after he had 

 proceeded to the diftance of about forty miks from Con- 

 ftantinople, was not without reafon afcribed to poifon admi- 

 niftered by a Jewifh phyfician. He died in 1512, at the 

 age of f)2, after a reign of 32 years. He was active and 

 vigorous in body and mind, a patron of the learned, him- 

 felf a proficient in literature, and well verfeJ in the philo- 

 fophy of Averrhoes, and a punclual obferver of the rites of 

 his religion. At the fame lime he had the ficrcenefs com- 

 mon to the Oltewian princes, and (bed blood without re- 

 morfe. He is commendable for his attention to the improve- 

 ment and decoration of his dominions by many edifices of 

 grandeur and utility. Mod. Un. Hift. Gen.Biog. 



BAIBACHTA, in Geography, a town of Siberia, on the 

 river Irtifch, 72 miles N. W. of Tara. 



BAIBAZAR, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro- 

 vince of Caramania, 48 miles weft of Angura, 



BAIBOUL, a town of Armenia, 45 miles fouth of 

 Trebizond. 



BAICHA, two rivers of Siberia, which run into the 

 Turuchau ; one 32, and the other 56 miles N.W. of Turu- 

 chanfk. 



BAIDARS, the name of a kind of fmall canoes, ufed 

 among the natives of the Kurilly iflands, and of the north- 

 weftern coaft of America. In Sauer's " Account of a geo- 

 graphical and aftronomical Expedition to the northern Parts 

 of Ruffi.3, by Billings, in the Years 1785 to 1794," we 

 have the following account of their conftruiftion. The keel 

 is eighteen feet long, four inches thick on the top, and not 

 three inches deep, or fome what lefs, at the bottom. Two 

 upper frames, one on each fide, about i\ inch fquarc, and 

 fixteen feet long, join to a ftiarp flat board at the head, and 

 are about fi.\teen inches fliorter than the ftern, connefted by 

 7 



B A I 



athwart which keeps them about twelve inches afunder. 

 1 uo iimilar frames are placed near the bottom of the boat, 

 fix inches below the upper ones, about one inch fquare. 

 Kj'und flicks, thin, and about fix inches diftant from each 

 other, are tied to thefe frames, and projca from the fides ; 

 and for the top thwarts are ufcd very ftrong fticks, nearly 

 as thick as the upper frames, curved, fo as to raife the mid- 

 die of the boat about two inches higher than the fides. Of 

 thefe thwarts or beams there arc thirteen ; one of them is 

 placed feven feet from the ftern ; another is twenty inches 

 nearer the head ; and a hoop is faftencd between them, in 

 which the rower is feated. This is made ftrong, and grooved 

 for fafteniiig an open (Idn, which is tied round the bodv, fo 

 as to prevent any water from getting into the boat, although 

 It were funk. The frame is covered with the fl<in of the 

 fea-hon, drawn and fewed over it like a cife. The whole it 

 fo extremely light, even when fodden with water, that it 

 may be carried with eafe in one hand. The head of the boat 

 IS double the lower part, fhai-p, and the upper part is flat, 

 refembhiig the open mouth of a fifh, but thus contrived to 

 keep the head from finking too deep in the water; and a 

 ftick is tied from one end to the other, to prevent its entao- 

 gling with the fea-weeds. Tliey are eafilv rowed in a fea, 

 moderately fmooth, about ten miles in the hour, and they 

 keep the fea in a frefli gale of wind. The paddies which 

 they ufe, and which ferve for oars and rudders, are double, 

 fevcn or eight feet long, and are cut in the (hape of a peal. 

 If the baidar runs aground, the favage eafily fets it afloat 

 again. Thefe baidars are ufcd in the fiiher\- for whales, in 

 the capture of fea-otters, and for other purpofcs. 



BAIDSCHEN, in Geography, a town 01 Pruflia, in the 

 province of Lithuania, on the north fide of the Piffa, four 

 miles eaft of Gumbinntn. 



BAIER, John James, in Biography, bom at lena, in 

 Upper Saxony, in 1677, apphed himfelf early to the ftudy 

 of medicine, and was admitted to the degree of dodor there 

 in the year 1700. In 1704, he was made profeflbr of phy- 

 fiology at Altdorf ; and in 1 730, prefidtnt of the academy 

 Naturx Curioforum. Befides numerous diflertations on va- 

 rious b.-anches of medicine, he publiftied, " Adagiorum Me- 

 dicorum Centuria," Altd. 410. 1718. " HiitoHa Horti 

 Medici Altdorfii." 4to. 1727. " Orationum Varii Argu- 

 menti Fafciculus," 410.1727. " Biographia Profeflbrum 

 Medicinar qui in Academia Altdorf unquam vixerunt," 410. 

 1728. Nurcnb. cum Iconibus, Nuramis, ct Scriptorum 

 Cenfu. His fon Ferdinand James was in coirfidcrable 

 cfteem as phyfician at Nuremburg, at the time of hi' death, 

 which happened in 1735. Haller Bib. Med. Praft. et Botan. 



BAIEU, mZooIogy, thenaireof Cervus Mexicanus 

 or Mexican ftag, in Bancroft's Guiana, &c. 



BAIF, John Anthony, \n Biography, wasbom at Venice, 

 1532, where he probably acquired and" cheriflied his paflion 

 for mufic. He was the natural fon of the French ambaflador 

 to that republic ; had been a fellow ftudent with the poet 

 Ronfard, and was clofely united 10 him by friendlhipand kin- 

 dred arts. Baif, like our fir Philip Sidney, wifhcd to intro- 

 duce the feet and cadence of the dead languages into the 

 living, and with the hke fuccefs. He fet his own verfes to 

 mufic; not to fuch mufic as might be expected from a man 

 of letters, or a dilettante, confilling of a fingle melody, but 

 to counterpoint, or mufic in difierent parts. ""Of this kind he 

 publiftied, in 1561, twelve hymns, or fpiritual fongs ; and, 

 in 1578, feveral books of fongs, all in four parts, of wh'ch 

 both the words and the mufic were his own. When men of 

 learning condefcend to ftudy mufic a find, pro'cfrors think 

 the art highly honoured by their notice ; but poets are very 

 unwilling to return the compliment, and fcldom allow a mu- 



iiciaa 



