B A J 



Judasa, in the third century before Chrift. See Akticonus 



SOCH.'EUS. 



BAITING, or ratlicr Bating, in I'tilcrjtiry, is when ?. 

 hawk flutters with her wings, cither from perch or fii't, as if 

 it were flrivi;i;r to get away. 



Baiting alfo denotes the ail of fmaUcr or weaker beafts 

 in attacking or liarrafiing (rreatcr and (Ironger ones. 



In tliis fcnfc we licar (jf the baiting of bulls and bears 

 by mallifls, or ball-dogs with IhorL nofcs, that they may take 

 the better hold. 



The baiting of this auinial makes his flefh tender and more 

 digeftible. In reality, it difpofes itforputrcfaciion, fo that, 

 unlefs taken in time, baited iicfii is foon loll. 



Bulls, bears, and aUo horf^s, and other animals, were for- 

 mcrlv trained for this purpofe. This barbarous praiftice, 

 the tirll rife of which cannot be fatisfaftorily afccrtained, 

 lias the fauclion of high antiquity. Fitz-Stephen, who 

 lived in the reign of Henry II., and whofe " Defcription of 

 the City of London" was written in i 174, informs us, that 

 in the forenoon of every holiday, dunug tlie winter feafon, 

 the young Londoners were amuled.with boars oppufcd to 

 each other in battle ; ov with bulls and full-grown bears, 

 bi'.ittd by dogs. The baiting of horfts was never a general 

 pratlice ; but affes, which did not fufficierjtly anfwer the 

 purpofe of fport, were occafionally treated with the fame 

 inhumanity. The praftice of bull-baiting was much ap- 

 proved by the nobility in former ages, and was countenanced 

 even by perfons of the moll exalted rank, without exception 

 even of females. Erafmus, who vifited England in the 

 reign of Henry VIIL, fays (Adagia, p. 361.), that there 

 were many herds 0/ bears maintained in this country for the 

 purpofe of baiting. When queen Mary vifited her fifler 

 the princcfs Elizabeth, during her confinement at Hatlicld 

 houfe, a great exhibition of bear-baiting was prefented, im- 

 mediately after inals in the morning, for their amulement. 

 The fame princefs, foon after her accefTion to the throne, 

 entertained the foreign ambaffadors with the baiting of bulls 

 and bears. In the iixteenth century there was a place 

 built in the form of a theat'-e, which ferved for baiting of 

 bulls and bears : they were fattened behind, and then wor- 

 ried by large Engliih bull-dogs ; but not without rifle to 

 the dogs from the teeth of the one, and the horns of the 

 other ; and it fometimes happened that they were killed on 

 the fpot, and frefh ones were fu^plied in the room of tliofe 

 who were deftroyed, wounded, or tired. 



When the bull was baited, a collar was put about his 

 reck, fattened to a thick rope about three, four, or five 

 yards long, hung to a hook, and fo attached to a ftake, 

 that it might turn roimd. By means of this rope, the bull 

 circulated to watch his enemy, which was a inaftifF dog 

 with a (hort nofe. This dog, when properly trained, 

 would creep upon his belly, that he might, if poflible, feize 

 the bull by the nofe, which he as carefully endeavoured to 

 defend by laying it clofe to the ground, and with his horns 

 J\e attempted to tofs the dog. On fome occafions a dog 

 has been totted by a bull to the height of thirty or forty 

 feet, and their fall has proved injurious and even fatal to 

 them. The men have been alfo frequently totted as well 

 the dogs. The barbarous paftinie of bull and bear-baiting 

 is not encouraged by perfons of rank and opulence in the 

 prefent day, but attempts have been projcfted for fupprefT- 

 ing it by legiflative interference : when it is praftifed, 

 which rarely happens, it is attended only by the lowett and 

 moft defpicable part of the people, a circumllance wiiich 

 indicates a general refinement of manners and prevalence of 

 humanity among the moderns. Houghton's Collections, 

 Strutt's Sports, Sic. 



B A J 



^^Tiales are baited by a kind of fifit called on>, rr I'Uers ; 

 ten or twelve of which will attack a young wl'a!,- at once, 

 a-.;d not leave him till he is killed. Philofoph. Tranf. N'^ 2?;. 

 p. 26,-. 



BAJULARIA, in Entomology, a fpecies cf Phal«sa 

 {N.jcliiit) that inhabits Amboyna. The anterior wing-: ■ -e 

 brown, with two white fpots, a:;d a ttreak of the fame colour ; 

 poftericr ones yellow, with black fpots. Fabricius, Cra- 

 mer. 



BAJITL.^TIO, the ofHcc of a %w/«/ or baiHff. 



BAJUIX''S, an ancient officer in the coi.rt of the Greek 

 emperors ; whereof there were fevcral degrees : as the grand 

 bajulus, who was preceptor of the eir.peror, and the fimple 

 iaju/i, who were fub-preceptors. 



Hence the Italians ufe the word bajulus of a kingdom 

 in the fame fenfe with protector of a kingdom among 

 the Englitti. The word is derived from the Latin verb 

 bnjulare, to carry, or bear a thing on the arms, or on the 

 fhouldcr". 



Children, and efpecially thofe of condition, had anciently, 

 befide their nurfe, a woman called gerula, as appears from 

 feveral paR;iges of Tertuliian ; when weaned, or resdy to 

 be weaned, they had men to carry them about to take care 

 of them, who were called geruU, and lajuU, a gerends £3" ia- 

 julaiiflo. 



Bajulus is alfo ufed by I^atin writers in the feveral other 

 fenfes wherein bailiff is ufed among us. 



Bajulus was alfo the name of a conventual officer in the 

 ancient monatteries, to whom belonged the charge of gather- 

 ing and diftributing the money and legacies left for mattes 

 and obits ; whence he wai alfo demominated Injulus obltuum 

 novonim. 



Bajulus, \i\ Eiilomology, a fpecies of Ceramevx [Cal- 

 lidium'\ that is found in the trunks of trees in the northern 

 parts of Europe. The thorax is villous, with two tuber- 

 cles ; body brown. Fabricius. This is r^ranibyx caudaivt 

 of Degeer ; and leplura brhila of Scopoli. Gmelin. — Obf. 

 a variety of this fpecies (iS) is defcribed by Linna:us. Fn. 

 Suec. i. n. 490. The colour of which is teftaceous : tho- 

 rax cinereous, and villous, with two little glabrous lines ; 

 in the Fabrician mantijfa. Another variety (7) is noticed ; 

 it is a native of Saxony, and only half the fize of the 

 former. 



BAIUS, Michael, \w Biography, a profefTor of divini- 

 ty at Louvain, was born at Mclin, in the territory of Aeth, 

 in the year 15 13, and educated in the univerfity of Louvain; 

 where he was elected, in 1541, principal of one of the col- 

 leges; and in 1544, leflurerin philofophy. In 1 550 he took 

 his doftor's degree, and was appointed profettiar of the holy 

 fcriptures. Baius and his afiiaciate having adopted the tenets 

 of Luther, and appealing to the authority of Auguftin, 

 taught doftrints concerning grace and tree-will, contrary to 

 thofe which had been commonly received in the church of 

 Rome. The complaint of herefy was excited; Baius was 

 accufed as a chief inftrument of promoting it; and the doc- 

 tors of the Sorbnnne at Paris pronounced a fentence of cen- 

 fure. The clamour againil hiin was circulated ; and a num. 

 her of propofitions, collcfled from books publifhed by him 

 in 1563 and 1564, were tranfmitted in 1567 to pope Pius 

 IV. The pope ifllied ahull condemning thefe propofitions; 

 but without mentioning the name of the author, and adding 

 a kind of ambiguous claufe, which feemed to intimate, that 

 fome of the propofitions which he condemned, admitted of 

 a favourable conftruftion. By thefe meafures of policy, 

 fuggefttd by the experience of the evils that had arifen from 

 purfuing a more intemperate conduft with regard to Luther, 

 the perfon of Baius was exempted from the penalties of cx- 



com- 



