B A L 



monaftery, five brick, and ten timber cliurcbej. N. lat. 56' 

 30'. E. long. 45° 5'. 



BALAKLAVA, a fifhing town of Crim T.ntary, or 

 Taurida, containing about 200 houfcs, and fcatcd on a bay of 

 tiie Black or Euxine fea, in N. lat. 44° 35'. E.lonsr 33° 14'. 

 The bay forms a harbour; which, in the imjieiial proclama- 

 tion declaring Theodofia and Eupatoria free ports, is de- 

 barred from, navigation. 



BALAKZEL, in Ornilholo^y, the TurkiOi name of the 

 heron. 



BALALAIKA, in Ma/ic, a mufical inRrument of the 

 bandour kind, of very ancient Sclavonian origin; it is in 

 common ufe both with the Ruffians and Tartars; according 

 to Niebuhr, it is alfo frequent in Egypt and Arabia. The 

 body of it is an oblong femicircle, about a fpan in length, 

 with a neck or finger-board of f ur fpans. It is played on 

 with the fingers like the bandour or guitar; but has only 

 two wires, one of which gives a monotonous bafs, and by 

 the other the piece is produced. Under the touch of able 

 lingers, accompanied by a good voice, it founds agreeably 

 enough ; and therefore it is not unfrequently feai in the 

 hands of people of fafiiion. 



BALAMBANGAN, in Geography, a fmall ifland in the 

 Eallern Pacific ocean, near the northern point of Borneo, 

 between this ifland and Palajia, remarkable for a fettlement 

 attempted by the Englifh in 1773 ; but evacuated either on 

 account of the unhealthy climate, or of a Dutch invafion. 

 N. lat. 7° 10'. E.long. 117°. 



BALAMBUAN, or Palambuan, the name of a diftrift 

 or territory on the eaft part of the ifland of Java, which 

 produces pepper, cotton, rice, Indian corn, and fruit in 

 great plenty, and which abounds with paflures that feed a 

 great number of horfes, antelopes, buffaloes, and oxen. The 

 capital, which is a ftrong trading town, is of the fame name. 

 S.lat. 7° 10'. E.long. 115° 30'. 



Balambuan Ckarmel. See Balli. 



BALAMIUS, Ferdinand, in Biography, born in the 

 ifland of Sicily, about the middle of the fixteenth century, 

 not lefs celebrated for his accomplifhments in polite litera- 

 ture, and his Ikill in the Greek language, than for his know- 

 ledge of medicine, was greatly elleemcd by pope Leo X. 

 to whom he was phyfician. He publifhed in 1556, at Lyons, 

 <' De cibis boni et mali fucci," tranflated from the works of 

 Galen; alfo "Galeni liber de offibus, ad Tyrones;" 8vo. re- 

 publifhed at Frankfort, in fol. with obfervations by Gafpar 

 Hoffman, 16^0. The above are inferted in the edition of 

 Galen's works, pubhiTied by the Juntas, 1586, fol. Since 

 his death the following was printed at Roftoch : " De op- 

 tima corporis noilri conilitutionc ;" " Debona valc-tudinc;" 

 " De hyrudinibus, cucurbitula, &c." 1636, 8vo. Haller 

 Bib. MeJ. Praft. Eloy Did. Hift. 



BALAM PULL I, in Botany, a name ufed by fome 

 authors for the tree whofe fruit is the tamarind of the 

 fhops. 



BALANCE, or Ballance, Libra, in Mechanics, one 

 of the feven fimple powers, or rather a fpecies of that me 

 chanical power called the lever, ufed principally for deter- 

 mining the equality or difference of weights in heavy bo- 

 dies, and confequently their maffes or quantities of matter. 



The balance is of two kinds, viz. the ancient and modern. 

 The ancient or Roman, called dMoJlaUra Roniana, or fteel- 

 yard, confifts of a lever or beam, moveable on a centre, and 

 fufpendcd near one of its extremes; on one fide the centre 

 are applied the bodies to be weighed, and their weight is 

 eftimated by the divifion marked on the beam, on the other 

 fide, where a weight moveable along it keeps the balance 

 in equillbrio. See Steel-Yard. 



The modern balance, now ordinarily in ufe, coniilh of a 



B A L 



lever, or beam, fufpended exactly by the middle ; to the exi 

 tremes whereof are hung fcales or bafons. 



In each cafe, the beam h called the jugum, and the two 

 moieties thereof on each fide the axis, the hrachia, or ai-mji 

 and the handle whereby it is held, trulina; the line oa 

 which the beam turns, or which divides its brachia, is called 

 the nxis ; and when conlidercd with regard to the length of 

 the bracliia, is efteemcd but a point, and called the cenln of 

 the balance ; and the places where the weights arc applied, 

 the points offufpcnjiou, or applicnticn. — That flendcr part per- 

 pendicular to the ji'giim, by which either the cqui.'.hrium, or 

 preponderancy of 'bodies is indicated, is called the tongue of 

 the balance. 



In the Roman balance, therefore, the weight ufed for a 

 counterbalance is the fame, but tlie points of application are 

 various; in the common balance, the counterpoife is various, 

 and the point of application the fame. 



The principle on which each is founded is the fame, and 

 may be conceived from what follows. 



Balance, Dodrine nf the. — The beam AB {Plate Me- 

 chanics, fg. R.) the principal part of the balance, is a lever of 

 the firfl; kind, which, inilcad of refting on a fulcrum at C, its 

 centre of motion, is fufpendcd by fomewhat fattened to the 

 centre C : fo that the mechanifm of the balance depends on 

 the fame theorem as that of the les'er. 



Hence, as the known weight is to the unknown, fo is the 

 diftance of the unknown weight from the centre of motion 

 to the dillance of the known weight, where the two weights 

 will counterpoife eacli other; confi-quently, the known 

 weights (hew the quantity of the unknown. 



Or thus: the adion of a weight to move a balance is by 

 fo much greater, as the point preTed by the weight is more 

 diltant from the centre of the balance ; and that action fol- 

 lows the proportion of the dillance of the faid point from 

 that centre. When the balance moves about its centre, th« 

 poi; t B dcfcribes the arch Vib (fig.C).^; whilft the point 

 A cefcribes the arch Ka, which is the largell of the two; 

 therefore in the motion of the balance, the action of the 

 fame weight is d fl^erent, according to the point to which it 

 is applied; hence it follows, that the proportion of the fpace 

 gone through by the point at A is as h.a, and at B as B^, 

 but thofe arches are to one another as CA, CB. 



Balance, Varieties in the Application of the. — If the brachia 

 of a balance be divided into equal parts, one ounce applied 

 to the ninth divifion from the centre, will ctjuiponderate with 

 three ounces at the third; and two ounces at the Cxth divi- 

 fion aifl as ftrongly as three at the fourth, &c. 



Hence it follows, that the nftion of a power to move a ba- 

 lance is in a ratio compounded of t!ie power itfclf, and its 

 diftance fr(!m the centre; for that dillance is as the fnace 

 gone ti'.rough in the motion of the balance. 



It may be here obferved, that the weight equally prtfles 

 the point of fufpcnfion at whatever height it hangs from it, 

 and in the'fame manner as if it was fixed at the very point; 

 for the weight at all heights equally llrctches the cord by 

 which it hangs. 



A balance is faid to be in equillbrio, when the aflicn; 

 of the weights upon the brachia to move the balance are 

 equal, fo as mutually to dellroy each other. When a ba- 

 lance is in equihbrio, the weights on each fide are faid 

 to equiponderate : unequal weights may alfo equiponde- 

 rate ; but then the dillances from the centre mull be re- 

 ciprocally as the weights. In which cafe, if each weight 

 be multiplied by its dillance, the products will be equal j 

 which is the foundation of a llecl-yard, which fee. 



Thus in a balance whofe brachia are TC17 unequal, a 

 fcale hanging at the (horteft, and the longcll divided in- 

 to equal pans : if fuch a weight be apphed to it, as at 



the 



