BAN 



BAN 



bang in that ifland ; on which the fovcreign of Banca, who 

 is poflcfror alfo of the territory of Palambang, keeps his con- 

 ftant refidencc. He maintains his authority over his own 

 fubjedfe, and his independence of the neighbouring princes, 

 in great meafure, by theaffiftance of tlie Dutch, who have a 

 fettlement and troops at Palambang, and who enjoy the 

 benefit of a contraft with the king of Banca for the tin 

 which his fubjedls procure from thence; and vihich, hkc the 

 king of Bantam, with regard to pepper, he compels the 

 miners to dehver to him at a low price, and he fells it to the 

 Dutch at a fmall advance, agreeably to his contravft. This 

 ifland is celebrated throughout Afia for its tin-mines, which 

 were firfl difcovered in 1 710 or 171 1, and which fmce 

 that time have vieldcd imnienfe quantities of ore, and appear 

 to be inexhauflible. It is dug cliiefly in feven places, whicii 

 are under the dircftion of Cliinefe managers, that provide and 

 pay the labourers, who are alfo, in general, ot that nation. 

 Thefe m.iners reduce the ore into metal by employing wood 

 as fuel in their furnaces, and not foflil-coal or coak, which 

 is feldom fo free from fulphur as not to adeil the mallca- 

 bihty of the metal. It is therefore fonietlmes preferred to 

 European tin at the Canton market; and the profit upon it 

 to the Dutch company is iV.ppofed to be not lefs any year 

 that I JOjCOO pounds. The tin is delivered by the managers 

 of the mines to the king at Palambang for five rix-doUars per 

 125 pounds, and by him to the Dutch for ij nx-doUars, 

 equal to about 58 s. Iftrling per cwt. Englirti. Raynal, and 

 others, ftate the quantity of tin received by the Dutch com- 

 pany at 2,000,0001^5, but it appears that they take at lead 

 3,ooo,oooil3- Very little, however, comes to Europe; in 

 1778, 700,000 ib were fold in Holland at f. 42 per loolb- 

 but the 'Treateft part goes to the China market. Stavorinus's 

 Voyage to the Eaft Indies, by Wilcocke, vol. i. p. 357. 

 Staunton's EmbalTy to China, vol. i. p. 305. 



Banca, Straits of, lie between this ifland and Sumatra; 

 which, ou its eaftern fide, forms the weftern fide of thtfe 

 ftraits, and its fouthern extremity forms the northern fide 

 of the llraits of Sunda. Through thefe llraits there is a fafe 

 navigation from the China fea, except near the northern en- 

 trance, where a flioal lies oiT, and another within it, fo that 

 it is neceffary for a (liip to found in that fituation. Capt. 

 Marchand, in endeavouring to gain the entrance of thefe 

 llraits, experienced ftrong currents, fome fetting to the 

 E.N.E. others to the E. and others to the E.S.E. He 

 therefore renounced the idea of going out of the China fea 

 by the llraits of Banca, and determined to fail by another 

 flralt fituated more to the eadward, between the ifland of 

 Banca and tiiat of Biiliton. This itvait is known under the 

 ■ names of Gafpar's, Bilih<.n's, or Clement's (Irait ; and has been 

 much frequented in pafiing to and from the China fea. See 

 Marchand's Voyage, vol. 1. p. 98. 



BANCALA, a kingdom in the Ifland of Celebes. 

 BANCALIS, a town of the ifland of Sumatra, in the 

 ki'ifdom of Acheen. — Alfo, a bay on the north-eaft coalt 

 of this ifland, in N. lat. 1° 15'. E. long. 100° 7'. 43 leagues 

 weft of Malacca; it is in Brower llrait, which is a branch of 

 that of Malacca; is large, and affords good anchorage, and 

 itsnavitration, as far asBancalis, at tlie fouth extremity, is fafe. 

 BANCAPOUR, a didriil of Hindollan, in the country 

 of the Mahrattas. — Alfo, a town of this dillrift. N. lat. 

 14° 55'. E.long. 75° 15'. 



Bancapou*, Sancre. See Sanore. 

 BANCK, Laurence, in Biography, a Swedifh lavryer, 

 was born at Norcopin, and after returning from his travels in 

 France, Italy, Spain, &c. acquired great reputation as pro- 

 feflbr of the civil kw in the univerfity of Franeker, which 

 poll he occupied for 15 years. He died on the 13th of 

 Odlober in the year 1662. In 1649, he publiihed a Latin 

 work " On the Tyranny of the Pope over Chriflian Kings 



and Princes;" and in 1656, " Rome triumphant, or the 

 Inauguration of Innocent X." But his principal work wa* 

 his edition of the famous book of "The Tax of the Roman 

 Chancery," in which are fixed the prices of abfolution for 

 the moll heinous and infamous crimes. This edition., lormed 

 by a collation of the moll ancient copies, both printed and 

 manufcript, was printed at Franeker, in 8vo. in 165 1; and 

 feveral other editions have been, before and fince, printed at 

 different places. Jurieu, in his " Prejuges legit, contre le 

 Papifme," t. i. p. 295, &c. publiflied the particulars of thefe 

 taxes. Banck's edition of thefe taxes, and fome others, have- 

 been refciTcd to the clafs of prohibited books, in the " In- 

 dex" of the Inqnifition, as corrupted by heretics ; but 

 enough remains in uncontrovcrted editions to induce worthy 

 Catholics to lament that futh taxes fliould ever have dif- 

 graced the church. Gen. Dift. 



Banck, Peter Vander, an eminent engraver, was a native 

 of Paris, and received inflruftion in tiie art ot engraving 

 from the celebrated Francois de Poilly. About the year 

 1^174, he came over, to England, and married; but not re- 

 ceiving recompence anfwerable to his labour as an artilt, he 

 was reduced to pen\ii-y, and to dependence on the brother of 

 his wife. He died at Bradfield in 1697, and left his plates 

 to his widow, who fold tiicm to great advantage, and left 

 an eafy fortune. 



His chief employment was engraving of portraits; and he 

 was the firll in England who engraved them on fo large a 

 fcale. Like many of Foilly's difciples, his great merit con- 

 fifts in the laboured neatnefs and management of the me- 

 chanical part of the art. In England his produdlions will 

 be always clleemed, as they preferve the bell refemblance of 

 many eminent perfons who were living at that time. Strutt. 



BANCOK, Bankok, or Fou, in Geography, a mari- 

 time and fortified town of Afia, in the kingdom of Siam, 

 feated on an ifland formed by the river Menan. N. lat. 

 13° 25'. E.long. 101° 5'. 



BANCOTE,"now fort F/i:7(3rw,liesonthe Malabar coall of 

 India, contiguous to Rajapore. It has a good harbour, and 

 a great trade for fait, &c. from Bombay, whither it makes 

 returns in cattle. 



BANCROFT, Richard, in Biography, archbidiop of 

 Canterbury in the reign of James I. fprung from a good 

 family at Farnworth in Lancafliire, and was born in Septem- 

 ber 1544. Having finilhed his education in the univerfity 

 of Cambridge, he rofe by quick gradations to very dillin- 

 guilhed llationsin the church. The Puritans were the ob- 

 jecls of his bitter inveftives. Accordingly, in a fcrmon de- 

 livered at St. Paul's crofs, on the 9th of February 1589, 

 he accufed them, in very intemperate language, of ambition 

 and covetoufnefs ; alleging that the principal caufe of non- 

 conformity and fchifm was the profped; of plundering bilhop- 

 rics, fcizing the endowments of cathedrals, and fcranibling 

 for the remainder of the church revenues ; and accufing the 

 laity among the non-conformills of an intention to dJffolve 

 the bonds of property, and to introduce a community of 

 goods. He llrongly reprefented the danger of permitting 

 private men to conteil the authority, and violate the con- 

 llitntions of the «hurch, expofed the abfurdity of extempo- 

 rary prayers, and maintained the divine right of bilhops, in 

 terms which, i-n the judgment of fir Francis Knollys, one 

 of the queen's counfellors, were injurious to the fupremacy 

 of the crown. This ferm.on, preached, as Strype fuppofc-:, 

 at the inftigation of archbilhop V/hitgift, furniflied ample 

 evidence of Bancroft's inveterate hoflility againft the Puri- 

 tans. As one of the commiffioners for ecclcfiallical caufes, 

 he adopted rigorous meafures for the fupprcflion of herefy 

 and fchifm ; and he was an avowed enemy to fefls and inno- 

 vations of every kind. Writings againll epifcopacy, or 

 recommending any other mode of church difcipline, were 



treated 



