BAN 



T)o\vn, in the province of Ulftcr, in Ireland, (ituated on 

 the fouth fide of the bay of Carrickfcrgiis ; but though par- 

 liamentary aid was granttd to improve its port, it has very 

 little trade. An abhey was foinidcd here in the fixth cen- 

 tuiy, psrt of the ruins of which y 't fublils. Near this 

 town duke Schomberg landed with the Eiicrljlh artnv, 

 13th Auguft 1689. Dirtance N. from Diiblfn, 90 Irilh 

 miles. N. lat. 54° 38'. W.lcn-r. 5"^ 33'. 



BANGUE, in the Malaria iVM'tca, a fpec'es of opiate, 

 in great i:fe throughout the Eaft for drowning cares, and 

 infpiring joy. 



This, by the Perfians, is called beng ; by the Arabs, efrar, 

 corruptly offered and rfpirlh ; by the Turk^*, ben^ihic, and 

 vulgarly niijhick ; by the European naturalills, Lmgue or 

 6nr:ge. The Indians, fays Acolla. eat the feed and leaves to 

 increafe their vigour, and to excite an appetite to their food. 

 The nobles, and chief military officers, when they are d'f- 

 poftd to forget their toil, and to ileep in perfect eafe and 

 fecurity, take of the powder of the feed and leaves, as much 

 as they think fuffic:r-r.t ; and add to it an areca, or green 

 Indian hazel-nut ; with as m;ich opium as they think fit, 

 and eat them ail together with fugar. If they dciire to be 

 entertained with variety of fcene's, and images of things 

 in their fleep, they add for.-.e of the choiccit camphor, 

 cloves, nutmegs, and mace. It they have a mind to be 

 merrv, witty, and to indulge their amours, they add am- 

 bergrife and mudc, and make them<>ll into an tkciary with 

 fugnr. It is by many afiirmed that the feed and leaves 

 promote luft ; whence lays J. Bauhine, it appears that this 

 herb has no affinity with hemp, though it be very much 

 like it ; fince hemp, according to Diofcoridcs, is ot a hot 

 and dry nature, and ext:ngiii!hes amorous defires. 



Ray, from whom this account is taken, fays, he learned 

 from fir Hans Sloane, that it is a different plant from hemp. 

 It grows in Hiiuioftan, and other parts of the Eaft Indies, 

 where it is principally in ufe. Among the Indians, the 

 feed is prepared amc:;g other meliorating and aromatic 

 fubflances into an eledliiar^', which excites p!eafii;g vilions, 

 and as fome fay, emboldens them to perform the molt 

 daring and atrocious deeds. See Datura. 



Bangue, in reality, is a fuccedaneiim to wine, and obtains 

 in thole countries where Maliometanifm is ellahlifhcd ; 

 which prohibiting the ufe of that liquor abfolutcly, the poor 

 miiffulmen are forced to have recourfe to fucreilama, to 

 Toufe their fpirits. The principal are opium, and this biiii^ue, 

 which, fays S-.le (Prel. Uifc. p. 124), coiilifts of the leaves 

 of hemp in pills or conferve, and by the rigid Mahometans 

 is efteemed unlawful, though not mentioned in the l\oran, 

 becaufe it intoxicates and dillurbs the underftandii.g as 

 wine does, and in a more extraordinary manner. It is, 

 hov/ever, commonly ufed in the End, but they who additt 

 themfelves to the uie of it, arc generally locked upon as 

 debauchees. According to the account given of this feb- 

 ftance by Alexander Maurocordato, counftllor and phy- 

 fician to the Otton^an Porte, in a letter to Wedelii:3, bangue 

 is prepared of the leaves of wild hem.p, dried in the fhade, 

 then ground to pov.-der, put into a pot, in which but- 

 ter has been kept ; let in an oven till it begin to torrefy ; 

 then taken out, and pulverizwd again ; and thus to be uied 

 in the quantity of as much, r.t a time, as will lie on the 

 point of a knife. As to the opinion among the Europeans, 

 that the Turks prepare them.fclves for battle by a dole of 

 banTue, which roufts their courage, and impels them with 

 ardour to certain death, Dr. M.iurocordato allures us, that 

 it is a popular error. The Turks think they are then 

 going to receive the crown of martyrdom ; and would not, 

 for any confideration, forfeit the merit of it, which they 

 would do by eating the bangue, which is held to be un- 



B A N 



lawful by their apoftle, among other things which intoxi* 

 cate. 



B ANGUEY, in Geography, an Ifland of the Indian ocean, 

 at the northern extremity ot Borneo, not far from Balabac, 

 the moll fouth wtftern of the Fhihppiiics. N. lat. f^ 1 a'» 

 E. long. 117'' 25'. 



Bancuf.y Ptak lies in the prnir.fula of Makcca. N. lat. 

 7" 18'. E. long. 117' 17' 30". 



B.\NHAS, Padro dos, a fmall ifland and fa ,d bank, 

 north of Madagafcar, and nenr the fouth-weit from the 

 iflanJs del Almirante, in -about S. Lt. 5^ yjf, and E. loug. 

 50° 40'. 



BANHOS, Pacro dos, a fmall ifland furrjjundtd by a 

 fandbank, call of the lalt ifland, as far ae S.lai6'^ ^cf, 

 E. !f;rg. 70" zc/. 



B.*\NI, a fmall diftrift of Africa, in the county of Cala- 

 bar, containing nme or ten villages. 



Bani, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and 

 provii'ce of Capitanata, ten miles foulli of Troia. 



BANIA, a river of Croatia, which runs into the Lenia. 



BANIAC, a fm.all ifland on the well coall of Sumatra* 

 in about N. lat. 1° 40'. E. long. 96^* 50'. 



BAMJALUKA, or Bagnalcka, a conGderable town 

 of European Turkey, in B'^fnia, the refidence of a pacha, 

 feated n^ar the river Setina, on the frontiers of Dalmatia, 

 144 miles \V. of Belgradt*. It isfuppoled to contain 18,000 

 perfons. N. lat. 44^ 20'. E.long. iB'^ 20'. 



BANIAN-iJnv/, in Iiianns Language, a cant term among 

 failors, to lignify thofe days in which they have no flclh 

 meat. It feems to be derived from the practice of the 

 people m.entiored in the article Bani as s. 



Banian Tree, in Botany. See Ficus. 



BANIANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Hifpaoia 

 Betica, in the countrv of the Turduh. Ptolem.y. 



BANIANS, a religious fc^\ in the country of the Mo- 

 gul who believe a metempfychofis, and will therefore eat no 

 living creature, nor even kill noxious animals, but endeavour 

 to rcleafe them, if they fee them in the hands of others. 



The Banians are faid to be fo feariul of having tommo- 

 nication with other nati.-.is, that they break tiieir cups, if 

 one of a dilTcrent religion have drank out of them, or even 

 touched them ; and empty the water out of a pond where 

 he has wafned himfelf. It is added, that if they happen to 

 touch one another, they mud waih and purify themfelves 

 before they eat, or enter their own houfcs. They cany 

 hanging at their necks, a Hone called tamheran, as big as 

 an egg, ard perforated in th.e middle, through which rua 

 three 'firings: tke Itore, they fay. reprefents their great 

 god, and upon this account, they have great refpcd (hewn 

 the.n by all the Indians. , 



In a more general fenfe, the appellation of Banians com- 

 preliends all the idolaters of Imiia, as contrddillirgiiilhed 

 from the Mahometans : but in a mo'e relinked and pecu- 

 liar fenfe, it is appropriated to one of the four principal 

 calls, into wh'ch the Indians are commonly divided; the 

 other tvree being th.e Bramins orpricils, the Kajaputs or men 

 of thelwcrd, ami the artilans and labourers. See Hindoos. 



The pn.per Banians are called, in the Shastkr, or book 

 of their law, by the name oi Jbuddery, under which are 

 comprehc' de<1 all who live after tlie n.anner of mercharts, 

 or that de.d and trai.fad fur others, as biokcrs ; exclulive 

 of the mechanics, or artificers, who m;.ke another caft, 

 called -wyfe. Their name in the Brarain lai gnagc, in winch, 

 their law is wrtten, fignifies " an innoce; l and hanlefs" 

 people ; and fuch they really are ; for they cannot bear 

 to fee a fly, worm, or any other living creature hurt ; and 

 and if they receive a blow, they take it meekly and paliei;tly. 

 Thclc Banians have no peculiar fcft or religion, unlefs it 



be. 



