BAN 



cV.ifinE; his fubjefts, A. D. 124S, required of them, in re- 

 membrance of their former fubjcflion, and that he might 

 draw as much from them in future as poiuble, that they 

 (hould agree to pay a certain duty, and to fend their corn to 

 be ground at his mill, their bread to be bakedin his oven, 

 and their grapes to be preflcd at iiis wine-prcfs. The origin 

 of thcfc fervitudcs may poihbly be accounted for thus : the 

 building of mills was at all times txpeolivc, and undertaken 

 only by the rich ; who, to indemnify themftlves for the 

 money expended in order to benefit the public, (lipulated 

 that the people in the neighbouihcod fliould grind their corn 

 at no other mills than thofe ereftcd by them. 



BANNAR, in Geography, a town of Hindoftan, in the 

 dillrict of Coorg-wynaad, feated on the upper branch of 

 the Copany river. N.-lat. 11° 48'. E. long. 76° 26'. 



BANNAT of Temepwnr, a diftiift of Upper Hungary, 

 in the circle on the farther fide of the Theis, boimded by 

 the rivers, Maros, Theis, and Danube, and watered by the 

 Temes, which is joined by the Beg or Beyhc. In 1552, 

 ■the Turks became matters of it, and retained it at the peace 

 of .Karlowitz, in 1699; but loft it, after a pofli-ffionof 164 

 years, in 1716; and in 1718, it was formally ceded to the 

 cir.pcror, at the peace of Paffarowitz ; which ceffion, one 

 dillricl excepted, which was granted to the Turks, was rati- 

 fied in 1739, at the treaty of Belgrade. Its government is 

 divided into the civil and military jurifdiction. Its capital 

 is Temefwar. This banviat prefents many ridges of confi- 

 derable height. 



BANN-BRIDGE, a market and poa-town of the 

 •county of Down, province of Ulller, Ireland, which takes 

 its name from a bridge over the river Baim. It is a pleafant 

 town on the road from Du'ohn to Belfalt, and is remarkable 

 for its great linen fairs. Diftauce north from Dublin 6o\ 

 Irilh miles. 



BANNER, in Ha-aulry, is a fmall fquare (lag with fringe, 

 fattened to a lance or fpear, fimilar to the ftandards now borne 

 by the regiments of cavalry, and was always borne in the field 

 before a prince, duke, marquefs, earl, vifcount, baron, knight 

 of the garter, and knight-banneret. 



Menage derives the word from the Latin landtim, a band, 

 or fag ; and fuppofes bantiiere to have been firft; written for 

 bandi-sre; which is confirmed by this, that we meet with the 

 word handeria, ufed, in the fame fenfe, by Latin writers of 

 the barbarous age. 



In the reign of Henry VIII. the fize of the royal ban- 

 ner was an ell long, and a yard broad ; in queen Elizabeth's 

 reign, the length was two yards and a half, and the breadth 

 two yards, befides the fringe ; the complement of men to 

 each banner in the field was always one hundred. 



Banner, in Military Language. See Colours. 



Banners of the Romans. See Sicna. 



BANNERETS, an ancient order of knights, or feudal 

 lords, who, poffefruig feveral large fees, led their vafTals to 

 battle, under their own flag, or banner, when fummontd 

 thereto by the king. 



The word feems formed from banner, a fquare flag, or 



from band, wliich anciently a!fo denoted a flag Bannen.'s 



are alio called in ancier,t wiiters, mi/iles vexilliferi, and i ; .v- 

 illarii, bannerarii, bannarii, banderifii, &c. 



Ancientlv there were two kinds of knights, great and 

 Utile, the firll whereof were called Bannerets, the fecond 

 Bachelors ; the firil compofed the upper, the fecond the 

 middle, nobility. 



The banneret was a dignitary allowed to march under his 

 own flag, whereas the bachelarius eqiies followed that of an- 

 other. Knights bannerets were originally entitled to difplay 



BAN 



their banners in the field. A knight Banneret muH; he a gen- 

 tleman of family, and have land lufficient to enable him to 

 bring into the field fifty men at arms, with the archers and 

 crois-bowmen appertaining thereto, muking in the whole 

 one hundred. 



Banneret, according to Spelman, was a middle order be- 

 tween a baron and a fimple kriiglit; called fometimes alfo 

 vexiUariuj minor, to diftinguifli hiiii from the greater, that is, 

 from the baron, to whom alone properly belonged the jus 

 I'Lxiiii, or privilege of the fquare Hng. 



Hence the banneret was alio called bannerctliis, qunji baro 

 minor, a word frequently ufcd by Engliih writers in the fame 

 fenfe as banneret was by the Fiench ; though neither of them 

 occur before the time of Edward II. 



Some will have bannerets to have originally been per- 

 lons who had fome portion of a barony afligntd them; and 

 enjoyed it under the title of i^.7/j^/-6a;/;/!/j-, and tliat with the 

 fame prerogatives as the baron hirafelf. 



Some again find the origin of bannerets in France; 

 others in Britanny ; others in England. Thefe lafl; at- 

 tribute the inllitution of bannerets to Conan, lieutenant of 

 Maximus, who commanded the Roman legions in England 

 under the empire of Gralian, in 3S3. This general, fay 

 they, revolting, divided England into forty cantons, and in 

 thefe cantons diftributed forty knights, to whom he gave a 

 power of aflembling, on occafion, under their feveral banners, 

 as many of the effeftive men as were found in their refpedlive 

 dillrifls; whence they are called bannerets. 



However this be, it appears from FroifTart, &c. that an- 

 ciently fuch of the military men as were rich enough to raife 

 and fubfift a company of armed men, and had a right to do 

 fo, were called bannerets. Not, however, that thefe quali- 

 fication's rendered them knights, but only bannerets; the ap- 

 pellation of knight being only added thereto, bccaufe they 

 were fimple knights before. 



At the ceremony of creation, the king, at the head of his 

 army, after a viftory, isfurrounded by all the field officers and 

 nobles at court, under the royal ftandard difplaycd to receive 

 the intended knight banneret, who is led to the fovereign 

 by two renowned knights or valiant men at arms, having his 

 pennon or guidon of arms in his hand, preceded by the heralds, 

 who proclaim his valiant atchievements. The king then fays 

 to him, " Advance thy banneret," and commands the ends 

 of his pennon or guidon to be torn ofl^, which then becomes a 

 banner, being fquare (on which he has his arms and fup- 

 porters embroidered). The new knight banneret then re- 

 turns to his tent, accompanied by martial mufic, and attended 

 by many nobles and field officers, where they are highly en- 

 tertained. A knight banneret has a right to difplay his 

 banner in the field. Neither the title nor fupporters are 

 hereditary. In the 28th of Edward I. the daily pay of a 

 knight banneret was four fliilhngs and their diet at court; 

 they take precedence of the younger fons of vifcounts 

 and barons. The iail knight banneret was fir John Smith, 

 by Chrales I. after the battle of Edge-hill, where he refcued 

 the royal ftandard from the rebels. 



Banneret is alfo the name of an officer, or magiftrate of 

 Rome, towards the clofe of the fourteenth century. 



The people of that city, and throughout the territory of 

 the church, during the difputes of the antipopes, had formed 

 a kind of republican government; v\hcre the whole power 

 was lodged in the hands of a magiftrate, called fenator, and 

 twelve heads of quarters, called bannerets, by reafon of the 

 banners which each raifed in his diftriiSt. 



BANNER-ROLLS, in Heraldry, are fmall flags ufed at 

 funerals. 



BAN- 



