BAR 



"b.Kli, Trial at. See Trial. 



Bar, in the Manege, dcnotts the riJ^e or upper pavt of 

 the gums, between the tuflies rind gviiidivs of a horfe; the 

 under and outward fides retnin'iig th,.' name gums. 



The bar.i Ihoiikl be iharp-ridgcd and lean; for fince all 

 tke fubjeftion a horfe fiiflera, proceeds from thofe parts, 

 if they have not thefe qnalitic^, they will be very little, or 

 not at all fenfible; fo tlrat the horfe can never have a good 

 Biouth; for if the bars be fiit, round, and infenfible, tlie bit 

 will not have its effed; and, confeqiiently, fuch a horfe can 

 be no more governed by his bridle, than if one took hold 

 of his tail. Thefe ridges are always more promiuent in 

 yonng horfes than in thofe that are old. See Lampas. 



Bar, in Mujic, denote-! llrokes flrawn perpendicularly 

 acrofs the lines of a piece of mufic, including betvveen each 

 two, a certain quantity or meafure of time, which is various 

 as the time is triple or common. 



The ufe of bars in mufic is a modei'n invention. They 

 cannot be traced higher than the year 1574. and feem not 

 to have been in general ufe till about the middle of the 17th 

 century. It is not eafy to imagine how mufic in many 

 parts could be compofed without bars, or how the maxima, 

 or large, equal to eight femibreves, could be divided into 

 bars of one or two femibreves in each. See Battuta, 

 and Time-table. A double bar implies the end of a 

 Ilrain. When double bars are dotted on both fides, thus, 



the dots imply a repetition of each flrain ; but if 



dotted only on one fide, that Rrain only which precedes or 

 follows the dots, is to be repeated. 



Bak- Majer, in J\Iiiiing, he who keeps the gage or difli, to 

 meafure all miners ore; he, orhisfervant, being always to be 

 prefent when it is meafured. 



Bar, among Pnnlers, denotes a piece of iron with a 

 vVooden handle, whereby the fcrcw of the picfs is turned in 

 printing. 



BARA, in jincient Geography, an ifland of Italy, in the 

 vicinity of Brundufium. Feftus fays, that the inhabitants 

 of this idand built the town of Barium. — Alfo, a port of 

 Afiatic Sarmatia. 



Bara, in Geography. See Barra. 



BARABA, in J-lHcient Geography, the name of a metro- 

 politan city of Arabia Felix, according to lome copies of 

 Ptftlemy and Ammianus Marcellinus. 



Baraba, in Geography, a fteppe or moor in the Ruffian 

 empire, occupies the fpacc between the Irtyfh and the Oby, 

 fouthward of the mountain, northward to the farther fide of 

 the Tara, and beyond the river Tuy. This extenfive region, 

 in length from north to fouth exceeding fix hundred verfls, 

 and full four hundred in breadth from weft to eaft, is one 

 continued fiat, fcarcely interrupted by a fingle hill, though 

 containing many frefli water lakes, with fome of bitter, and 

 a few of common fait. This plain is for the moll part of a 

 good black foil, having the face of it cnhvened by a number 

 of pleafant forells of birch. All fcrving to fhew, fays 

 Mr. Falk, that the Baraba muft have formerly been one 

 general bed of waters, and fince more moraffy and replete 

 with lakes than it is at prefent. Even within the memory 

 of man, according to the affirmation of the Barabinzes, the 

 diminution of the lakes, and the exficcation of the pools, 

 reed-plots, and marthes, have been very obfervable, ui well as 

 the acquifitions thus made by the firm land. See Tooke's 

 View of the Ruffian empire, vol. i. p. 149. 



BARABALEMO, a river on the coaft of Africa, fix 

 leagues eaft from the river of St. Barbara, eaft from cape 

 femiofa. 



PARABENSIS, in Entomology, a fpecies of Grvllvs 

 8 



B A R 



(I.oeii[la) found about the p'nc-trees in the fandy dtTerts of 

 Baraba. The wing-cafes arc pale and fprinkled with brown 

 dots ; wings tranfparcnt a:'d pale yellow ; veins an^l dots at 

 the margin, and tip brown. Pallas. Size of gryllus 

 tibiiilis. 



BARABIACO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the 

 Milnncfe, fitunte on the Colona, 12 milts weft of Milan. 



BARABIELLO Sand, lies at the bottom of Bengal 

 bay, wltliin the river of Hughly. 



BARABINIANS, anatio-i of the Ruffian cirpire. On 

 entering the vaft region of Siberia by the weft, the firft 

 country we come to is that of the Barabinians. The large 

 fteppe, iiiclofcd between the Oby and the Ittyfti, a".d reach- 

 ing as far as the Altay mountains, ia called Barair.a; this ap- 

 pellation the Ruffians have corrupted into Baraba, and the 

 people who occupy that defert they call Barabintzi, or 

 Baiabin'ans. The Barabinians, at the time of the coiiqueft 

 of Siberia, had already fuffertd too much frr m the turbulence 

 and ferocity of their neighbours, for being able to raifc 

 thcmfclvcs to a numerous population; and, remembering 

 nothing but their misfortunes, they have forgotten whether 

 they ever were governed by fovereigns of their own. At 

 length, fucceftivcly oppreflcd by the Kirghifes and the 

 Soongares, they at prefent enjoy tranquillity under the pro- 

 teilinn of RufTia, who, in confideration of an eafy tribute, 

 takes charge of their defence. A mixture of feveral ra- 

 tions is difcernible among them. They have, in general, the 

 Tartarian phyiiognomv; but a flat face ; the long eyes and 

 little opened, and the hanging ears, are teftimonies th.at lome 

 of them are of Mongolian race. The Soongares, their con- 

 querors, at different times lived among, and probably are the 

 progenitors of the Barabinians with Kalmuc countenances. 

 The idiom of the Barabinians n a dialciEl of the Tartar lan- 

 guage, and bears witnefs to their primeval origin. It is 

 corrupted, but lefs than that of the Bafhkirs. They live, 

 however, in equal ignorance, and fcarcely any of them 

 know how to read. The humid vapours that arife in their 

 fteppe, and give a denfity to the atmofphere, render the in- 

 habitants fallow and phlegmatic; their indifference and their 

 apathy border on llupidity. In refpeft to them we might 

 be tempted to adopt the expreffion of le Cat, and regard 

 them, not fo much as men anim.ated by the heat of the 

 blood, and the fpirituous fluid of the nerves, but as hydraulic 

 machines. This machinal ftate corrcfponds with their mifery, 

 and enables them to endure it without pain. Temperate 

 alike in their amours and in their diet, with defires fo feeble 

 and fo confined as to be cafily gratified, they know noth.ing 

 of robbery or theft; they are even ignorant of lying, having 

 no ufe for it except for covering a flight fault, in order to 

 gain lime for repairing it. They have ftationary habitations 

 for the winter; and fow a little barley or oats, fometimes a 

 fmall matter of hemp ; but their culture is always of fcanty 

 produftion ; their fteppe, poor in game, but ill requites the 

 fatigues of the hunter. They derive a flcnder profit from 

 their flocks and herds, and a great number of fifliermen 

 owe their fubfiftence to the lakes. It is not uncommon in 

 winter for the fnow to envelope their huts in fuch manner 

 that they could not get out were they to negleft to make a 

 patTage through the roof. Their fummer dwellings are 

 covered only with mats. Their herds, by 'no means nu- 

 merous, though forming their principal wealth, confift of 

 horfes and horned cattle; the humidity of the foil hardly 

 allows them to rear a few (heep. A great number of them 

 poffefs not a fingle head of cattle; and a man pafTes for opu- 

 lent who has from five to twenty horfes, with ftill fewer 

 homed cattle. It is not long fince the richeft man of the 

 nation pofTefTed feventy horfes. It (hould feem that their 

 droves would incrcafe fince they have no longer to dread the 



ravages 



