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Ws Summary of Pliilofophy, as taught at Anncci, printed 

 at.-Lyons, in 8vo. in 1619; and " Df Novis Opinionibus 

 Phvficis," printed at Lyons, in the fame year. Gen. Did. 

 BARAO, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Arragon, 

 two leagues from Jaca. 



BARA-PicKLET, bread made of fine flour kneaded with 

 barm, which makes it vei7 light and fpongy : lara being 

 the Welch for bread. 



BARAQ^UICIMITO, in Geography, a town in Terra 

 Finiia, South America, in the province of Caracas, and 

 in the head waters of Oronoko river, about 80 miles fouth 

 from V;;!encia, and 1 75 north-weft from Calabeza. N. lat. 

 8° 55'. W. long. 66° S5'- 



BARASA, in j^nciitU Geography, a town of Paleftine, 

 according to Jofephus. 



BARASZE, in Geography, a town of Poland, in the 

 palatinate of ^'olhynia, 36 miles N.N.W. of Zytomiers. 



BARATHIER, Barthi:li;my, in Biography, an Ita- 

 lian lawyer of the 15th century, was born in Placentia, and 

 taught the Roman feudal law at Pavia and Ferrara, which he 

 ranged anew, and then formed a text book for the fchool. 

 The work was printed at Paris in 1611, under the title 

 •' De Feudls Liber Singularis ;" and in 1695, by Schilter, 

 under its true title " LibcUus Feudorum reformatiis." Mo- 

 reri. 



BARATHRUM, froin ^kj»%.v, (Ignifying the fame, 

 among the Ancient Athenians, a deep pit belonging to the 

 tribe Hippothooiitis, into which condemned criminals were 

 caft headlong. 



The barathrum was a dark noifome hole, having fharp 

 fpikes at the top, to prevent any efcape, and others at the 

 bottom to pierce and lacerate the offender. 



From its depth and capacioufnefs, the name came to be 

 ufcd proverbially for a mifer, or a glutton, always craving. 

 In which fenfe, the word barathrun is ufed among the Latin 

 poets. Thus Horace, Fpift. 1. i. ep. 15. v. 631. 



" Pcrnicies, et tempeilas, barathrumque Macclli, 

 Qu^icquid quxfierat, ventri donarct avaro." 

 It is alfo ufed for a common proilitute, by Plautus (Bacchid. 

 i. 2. 44-)> tl'iis : 



" O barathrum, ubi nunc cs ? ut ego te ufurpem libens !" 

 Barathrum is alfo ufed, in Phyfwlogy, to denote certain 

 baleful caverns, inacceflible on account of their fetid or poi- 

 fonous fumes. 



Thefe amount to the fame with what others call fojfi 

 eharon'ut. 



BARATIER, John Philip, in Biography, a learned 

 German, was born in 172 1, at Schwobach near Nuremberg. 

 Under the inllrudtion of his father he is faid to have under- 

 ftood the Greek, Latin, German, and French languages, 

 when he was five years old ; and he acquired alfo the 

 knowledge of the Hebrew in one year, fo as to be able to 

 read the hillorical books of the bible : and at the age of 

 nine years, he could not only tranflate the Hebrew tc?:t 

 into Latin or French, but alio re-trandate thefe verfions 

 into Hebrew. At this age he could alio repeat menioriter 

 the Hebrew pfalter, in confequcnce of merely reading it 

 with his father. Before he had completed his tenth year, 

 lie compofed a Hebrew lexicon of rare and difficult words, 

 with curious critical remarks. In 1731, he was matricu- 

 lated in the univcrfity of Altdorf ; and in this year he 

 wrote a French " letter to M. le Maitre, minifter of the 

 French church at Schwobach, on a new edition of the bible, 

 Hebrew, Chaldaic, and Rabbinical," which letter ii preferved 

 in the twenty-fixth volume of the " Bibliothequc Gcrma- 

 rique." In 1734, the margrave of Anfpach granted him 

 a penfion of fifty florins a year, and aHowed him th* free 

 VeuIII. 



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ufe of books from the library at Anfpach. As the fru ;« 

 of iiis appHcation to ftudy, his tranflation from the Hebrew, 

 with hiitorical and critical notes and diflertations, of " The 

 Rabbi Benjamin's Ti-avcis in Europe, Ana, and Africa, 

 containing an account of the ftate of the Jews in the twelfth 

 century," was publifhed, in two volumes gvo. at Amfter- 

 dam, in 1734; the author being at this time in his thir- 

 teenth year : and the whole work is faid to have been 

 finidied in four months. Notwithllanding the extent of 

 his philofophical purfuits, this aftonifliing youth applied to 

 the lludy of mathematics and philofophy with fuch fucccfs, 

 that he devifed a method of finding the longitude at fea, 

 which was laid before the Royal Academy of .Sciences at 

 Berlin, in a long letter, dated Jan. 21, 1735, the day in 

 whieli he completed his fourteenth year. His letter 

 being well received, he determined to vifit Berlin, with a 

 view of enforcing his project : but in his way thither he 

 pafild through Hall, where I^udewig, the chancellor of the 

 univerfity, offered to confer upon him the honor?rT degree 

 of mailer of arts. Flattered by this propiifal, I'arzticr 

 immediately, in the prefence of maiiv profcfTors, drew up 

 fourteen thefes in philology, ecclertallica! hillory, and phi- 

 lofophy, which were printed the fame night, and which he 

 fiipported for three hours the next day with great applaufe ; 

 v.pon whicli he was admitted mafler of arts in philofophy. 

 He then purlued his journey to Berlin ; and, in the pre- 

 fence of the mathematical tlafs, replied in French to forae 

 objedlions that were urged by M. de Vignoles, the rcflor, 

 againll his fcheme ; and he then propofed, in Latin, the 

 plan of an aft ronomical inftrument, which he offered to exe- 

 cute. M. Jablonflvi, the prefident, reported, that he had exa- 

 mined Baratier, in the king's tirv-fence, and that he had found 

 him well acquainted with rabbinical learning, the oriental 

 languages, and ecclefiaftical hiftory ; and he was then, with 

 the ufual form, admitted a member of the fociety. Upon 

 his return to Hall with his father, he dirctled hi< attention 

 to theology, and wrote an anfwer in Latin to Crcllius, who, 

 under the affumed name of Artemonius, had publilhed a 

 Socinian interpretation of the introduction to the gofpel 

 of St. John. This was intitled " Anti-Artemonius, and 

 pubhihcd at Nuremberg, in Bto. in 1735. It was accom- 

 panied with a " Dilfertation on the three dialogues, com- 

 monly attributed to Theodoret," intended to invalidate 

 their authenticity. In 1737. he defended this piece againft 

 the llridures of the journalifts of Trevoux, in another 

 diffcrtation, which was printed in the forty-eighth volume 

 of the " Bililiotheque Gcnnaniquc." in the fortieth 

 volume of the fame journal, there is another diffcrtation of 

 Baratier " On two works attributed to Athanafius." Bara- 

 tier being obliged to confcfs his ignorance of the public 

 law, ia reply to the inquiry propofed to him by the king 

 of PrufTia, was commanded by the king to go and fludy 

 it, before he called himfelf a leanicd man. Such was hi« 

 literary ambition, that he applied immediately to the ftudy 

 of it, and after fifteen rr.onths he fupportcd a thefis on the 

 fubjeft with grtat credit. The i;nirit-.-rn.;ptcd CKtrtion of 

 his faculties foon impaired his conflitution, which was natu- 

 rally delicate aid feeble ; and a.^ter languifliing in a decline 

 for fcvcral months, Baratier died at the age of nineteen 

 years eight months and fevcn days. His attainment! 

 were furpriiing ; and yet it is faid that, before he was ten 

 years of age, he was accuftomcd to lie in bed twelve hours, 

 and ten hours from that time to h-'s death. The fa£\» 

 above adduced may feem. truly al\onifliing ; but they are 



founded upon unqueftionable teftimc!" 



fcv 



amples of a fimiiar kind have occurrid ; however they 

 fhould by no means be contemplated as patterns of imitatioa 



4 G OT 



