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or as models of perfeftion. " The poplar, which foon becomes 

 a lofty tree, will foon decay : the ftroiig and llurdy oak, 

 whofe majellic trunk ftands unimpaired through centuries, 

 requires a century to bring it to maturity." Tormey's Life 

 of Baratier. Nouv. Dift. Hiftor. 



BARATO, Cape, in Geo^rapfiy, lies on the coaft of 

 Italy, on the north fide of the peninfula of Piombin, and 

 about S.S.E. from Leghorn. It has a fmall bay on the 

 y.W. before which is anchorage. 



BARATRUM, in /InUquhy, denotes, according to 

 Hcfychius, facred games, celebrated at Thcfprotia, in which 

 the mofl robufl of t!ie coinbatants was crowned. 



BARATRY, Baretry, or Barretrv, in La-jj, figni- 

 fies the moving and maintaining fuits in dillurbance of 

 the peace ; and the taking and detaining houfes, lands, &c. 

 by falfe inventions. 8 Rep. 37. I Hawk. P. C. 243. The 

 word baratUrrc, in French, fignifies mijUcmcanor, fraud, deceit : 

 It is derived from the old word banit, which figni- 

 fies any impofition ; whence alfo they faid baratter, to im- 

 pofc on any one. 



The punifhment for this offence, in a common perfon, 

 is by tine and imprifonment ; but if the offender belongs to 

 the profefTion of the law, a barretor who is thus able as 

 well as willing to do mifchief, ought alfo to be difabled 

 from practifing for the future. However it feems clear 

 that no general indiftment, charging the defendant with 

 being a common oppreflbr and diilurber of the peace, and 

 llirrer up of ftrife among neighbours, is good without add- 

 ing the words " Common Barretor," which is a term of 

 art appropriated by law to this p'irpofe. I Mod. 288. I Sid. 

 282. Cro. Jac. 526. 1 Hawk. P. C. c. 8[. $9. No man 

 can be a barretor in refpeA of one a£f only ; and it hath 

 been holdcn, that a man fliall not be adjudged a barretor 

 for bringing any number of fuits in his own right, though 

 they are vexatious, efpccially if there be any colour for 

 them ; for if they prove falfe, he fhall pay the defendant 

 cofts. I Rol.Abr. 355. 3 Mod. 98. A common folicitor 

 who folicits fuits, is a common barretor, and may be indiiled 

 thereof, becaufe it is no profefTion in law. I Danv. Abr. 725. 

 It is cnafted by ftatute 12 George I. c. 29. that if any 

 one, who has been convifled of forgery, perjui^, fuborna- 

 tion of perjury, or common barretry, (hall praftife as an 

 attorney, folicitor, or agent, in any fuit, the court upon 

 complaint, fhall examine it in a fummary way ; and, if prov- 

 ed, (hall direcl the offender to be tranfported for 

 feven years. To this head may alfo be referred 

 another offence of equal malignity and audacioufnefs ; 

 that of fuing another in the name of a fiftitious plaintiff; 

 either one not in being at all, or one who is ignorant of 

 the fuit. This offence, if committed in any of the king's 

 fuperior courts, is left,, as a high contempt, to be punifhcd 

 at their difcretion. But in courts of a lower degree, where 

 the crime is equally pernicious, but the authority of the 

 judges not equally extenlive, it is direfted by llatute 8 Eliz. 

 c. 2. to be punifhed by fix months imprifonment, and treble 

 damages to the party injured. Blackft. Com. v.iv. p. 134. 

 Baratry, in a Marine Senfe, is the mafler of a ihip, or 

 the mariners, cheating the owners or infurcrs, whether it 

 be done by running away with the (liip, finking her, defert- 

 ing her, or embezzling the cargo. 



Baralry of mariners is fo epidemical on (hip-board, that 

 it is rare if the mafter, be bis induftry ever fo great, can 

 prevent it, by reafon of the encouragement one knavi(h 

 failor gives anotiier ; yet the law, in luch cafes, imputes 

 the offences of the mariners to the negligence of the mailer, 

 and from him the merchant is to feek for remedy for all 

 goods or nierchandifc loft, tmliezzled, orotherwife damnified. 



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By the French ordonnanccs, infurcrs are not obliged to 

 make good the lofs or damage accruing to a vcffcl, or its 

 lading, by the fault of the mafter or crew, unlefs by the 

 forms of the policy, they may be made accountable for the 

 baratry of the patron. A mailer who, without neceffity, 

 takes up money on the body, provifion, or tackling of a 

 (hip, or fells the effcfts on board, or, in his account of 

 average, fets down fiftitious expenccs, (hall pay the value, 

 be declared unworthy of being mafter, and baniflied the 

 port where he ordinarily refided. In fome cafes, he is 

 alfo fubjeft to corporal puniihment, and even to death, 

 where it appears he willingly threw away the fhip. 



Baratry is alfo ufed for bribery or corruption in a 

 judge, giving a falfe fentence for money. 



Baratry is alfo ufed in hl'idd'e Age Writers, for fraud 

 or deceit in making of contrails, fales, or the like. 



BARATTA, or Barattha, in Ancient Geography^ 

 a town of Lycaonia, mentioned by Ptolemy. 



BARAViiL, St., in Geography, one of the Ladrone 

 idands, lies fouth of the ifland of Guam, and was one of 

 thofe difcovered by Magellan, and defcribed by Pigafetta. 

 Befides this, there are alfo between 10^ and 13° N. lat. 

 the iflands of Ban and Bota, and the (hoals of Santa Rofa. 

 N. lat. 12° 44'. E. long. 142° 28'. See Ladrones. 



BARAVOE, a bay and village, on the north-eaft coaft 

 of the iflani'. of Shetland. 



BARAWNAY, a town of Hindoftan, in the country 

 of Candeiih, forty-miles N.E. of Burhampour, and feventy- 

 four S.S.E. of Indore. 



BARAZA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Armenia 

 Major. Ptolemy. 



BARB, St. in Geography. See St. Barbara. 



Barb, in Ornithology, is ulcd for the Barhary pigeon, the 

 CoLUMBA Num;dica of Moora. 



BARBA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, in 

 Betica, placed in the Itin. of Antonin, twenty miles from 

 Oftippo, and twenty four miles from Antiquaria. 



Barba, in Geography, a town of North America, in the 

 country of Mexico, and province of Colla Rica, twenty- 

 two miles S.S.W. of Cartago. 



Barba Aran, in Botany, a name given by fome authors 

 to the common great houfc-leek. 



Barba Caprs. See Spirjea. 



Barba Juvis. See Amorpha, Anthyllis, Cytisus, 

 Ebenus, and Psoralea. 



BARB AC AN, or BARBiCAN,inthe^//?o;7 of our Ancient 

 Fortifications, was 3 fort of advanced work which frequently 

 covered the drawbridge at the entrance of a caftle. 



In which fenfe, barbacan amounts to the fame with 

 what is otherwife called, antemuralc, promurale, murus ex- 

 terior, or outer wall. In towns and large fortrtffes the 

 barbacans were large and ftrong, frequently having a 

 ditch and drawbridge of their own. (See Grofe's Hift. 

 Eng. Army, II. 2.) The term is ftill preferved in the ruins 

 of idveral of our caftles ; a fmall ftone work covering 

 the gate of Bodiham caltle in Suffcx, is ftill called the 

 barbacan; and fome work of a fimilar kind undoubtedly 

 gave il6 name to one of the (treets at the north-well end of 

 ancient London. Baibacans are alfo mentioned in Framling- 

 ham and Canterbury caftles. For the repairing of this 

 work, a tax called barbacanage was levied on certain lands. 

 Grofe Antiq. Pref. i. 5. 



Barbacan is alfo ufed for a fort at the entrance of a 

 bridge, or in the outlet of a city, having a double wall with 

 towers. Such is that at one end of the wooden bridge at 

 Rouen, which is ftill called by fome Barbacana. 



Barbacan is alfo ufed for an aperture in the walls of a 



citv. 



