BAR 



govfrnment was diflblveJ, and the legiflation of the ifland 

 vtlltd in the crown. 



Tht ifl.tnd of Harbadocs is about 2 1 miles in length and 

 14 in lircadth, and contains 106,470 atrts of land, moll of 

 which is under cidtivation. The foil in the low lands is 

 black, fomewhat rcddifh in the (hallow parts; on the hill« of 

 a chalky marl, and near the fea generally fandy. Of this 

 variety of foil, the black mould is bell fiiited for the cidtiva- 

 tion of the cane, and, with the aid of manure, has produced 

 as great return;, of fugar, in favourable feafoijs, as any in the 

 Well Indies, the prime lands of St. Kitt's excepted. ' About 

 the year 1670, we are alTurtd that Barbadoes could boall of 

 50,000 whites, and upwards of 100,000 black inhabitants, 

 whofe labours are faid to have given employment to 60,000 

 tons of fhipping. This account may probably have been 

 exaggerated; but it is certain that the inhabitants of this 

 idand have decreafed with a rapidity feldom known in any 

 other country. It appears by authentic returns, that the 

 number of its whites, in 1724, amounted to no more than 

 18,295, ''"'' ''•''' "f 'Is negroes in 1753 w^s no more than 

 69,870. In 1786, the numbers were 16,167 whites, 83S 

 free people of colour, and 62, i i 5- negroes. It appears alio 

 that the aiuuial produce of this iiland, particularly of fugar, 

 has decreafed in much greater proportion than in any other 

 of the Well Indian colonies. Polllethwayte (tates the crop 

 of fugar, in 1736, at 22,769 hoglheads of 13 cwt. which is 

 equal to 19,800 of 15 cwt.; and the author of the " Euro- 

 penn StttUments," publiihed in 1761, calculates the average 

 crop at 25,000 hoglheads. If this ftatement be jull, the 

 ifland has fallen off nearly one-half in the annual growth of 

 its principal ilaple. In an average of eight years, from 

 1740 to 1748, the exports were 13,948 hoglheads of fugar 

 cf 15 cwt.; 12,884 puncheons of rum of 100 gallons; 

 60 hogfheads of melalfes; 4,667 bags of ginger; 600 bags 

 cf cotton; and 327 gourds of aloes. Tlie exports on an 

 average of 1784, 17S5, and 1786, had fallen to 9,554 hogf- 

 heads of fugar; 5,448 puncheons of rum; 6,320 bags of 

 ginger; 8,331 bags of cotton; exchilivtiy of fonie finaller 

 articles, as aloes, fwett meats, &c. of which the quantities are 

 not afcertained. The dreadful fucctnion of hurricanes, 

 which had occurred within the lait twelve years, has, with- 

 out doubt, contributed to this gre:.t defalcation. The 

 capital of this ifland was fcarcely rifen from the afhes to 

 wliich it had been reduced by two dreadful (ires, when it 

 was torn from its foundations, and the whole countiy made 

 a fcene of defolation by the llorm of the loth of OSober 

 in 1780; iu which 4,326 of the inhabitants, blacks and 

 whites, miferably periihed ; and the damage to the country 

 ellimatcd at 1,320,564!. 15s. ilerling. In the year 1792, 

 the produce of fugar was 11,073 hogfheads, 125 tierces, 

 2,698 barrels; of melafies 188 hogfheads; of rum 5,064 

 hogfheads, 512 barrels; of ginger 3,046 bags and barrtk; 

 of r.'oes 515 gourds; and of cotton 974,178 pounds. From 

 the gr'-at increafe in the export of fugar in this year com- 

 pared v.'ith Icvcral of the preceding years, and decreafe in 

 that of the minor ftaplcs, it feems probable that the advanced 

 price of that article in Europe has encouraged the cultivation 

 ef it in plantations which had been formerly abandoned or 

 appropriated to a different kind of culture. The a-vcrage of 

 the number of negro flaves in Barbadoes for feven years, 

 from 178610 1792, was 63,271, of flaves imported 4363, 

 and the average amount of taxes, during the fame period, 

 was 9,5301. 14^5. id. The taxes confi II of a capitation tax 

 o» n<grt>es; a tax on fugar-mills, dwcUing-houfes, and car- 

 riages, together with an excifc, &c. on wines imported. Be- 

 fidts vvhich there is a p?.rochial tax on land, amounting on 

 an average llwoughout the ifland to about two fliillings per 



BAR 



acre, and an afTifrment in labour for the repair of the high., 

 wavs. Thf whole is altogether cxclufivc of the heavy duty 

 of 4J per cent, to the crown. 



Barbadoes is divided into 5 diflrifts and 1 i parifhes; and 

 contains 4 towns; viz. Bridgetown, Oftuis or Charles-town, 

 St. James's formerly called the Hole, and Speight's-town ; 

 Bridgetown is the capital, and the relidence of the governor, 

 whofe annual falavy is 2000I. per annum, paid out of tlic 

 exchequer, and charged to the account of the 4' per cent. 

 dut\ . The form of the government of this ifland refemble* 

 that of Jamaica, except that the council ii compofed of I 2 

 members, and the alfembly of 22. ITie molt important 

 variation rcfpetls ihj court of chancery, which in Barbadoes 

 is conllituted of the governor and council, whereas in Jamaica 

 the governor is fole chancellor. On the other hand, in Bar- 

 badoes, the governor fits in council, even when the latter are 

 afting in a Icgiflative capacity, which would be conlidered, 

 in Jamaica, as improper and unconllitutional. It may alfu 

 be obferved, that the courts of grand ftlTious, common pleas, 

 and exchequer, in Barbadoes, are diilindl from each other; 

 and not, as in Jamaica, united and blended in one fupremc 

 court of judicature. The he^t of the climate is moderated 

 by the tr.-ide-wti:ds, and the air is pure. Its produdls, be- 

 fides what we have already mentioned, are the palm, tamai- 

 rinds, figs, banana.s, cedar, mallich, cacao, papas, guavar-, 

 and palmettoes. Barbadoes is fituated in N. lat. 13° 10'. 

 W.long. 59''. See Edwards's Hillory of the Well indies. 



vol. i. 



-350. 



Barbadots B(i(lard-Ccilar, in Botany. See CtDRELA. 



Barhadoes Cherry. Sec Malpigia. 



Barbadoes Floiucr-fetui. See 1'oinciana. 



Barbadoes GonJ'elirry. See Cactus Pcrejk'ta. 



Barbadoes Wild-Olive. See Bontia. 



Barbadoes Tar, in the Materia MeJica. See Pethc- 

 L F, u M Barhadfnfe. 



BARBADOR, Bababera, or Cj/ktDarba, in Gtogror 

 phy. See Cape Bab A. 



BARBALIS, in E:itouiology, a fpecies of Phal;ena, 

 that feeds on the Irifo/ium pratetij'e. The antennae peftinated; 

 feelers fliorter; anterior thighs with a projedling beard. 

 Eabricius. 



BARBALISSUS, ia Ancient Geography, Beks, a confi- 

 derablc town of Afia, in Syria, near the Euphrates, E.S.F» 

 of Hierapolis. Thisis the i>'ar3i7;-/^uj of Ptolemy, accord- 

 ing to M. U'Anville. 



BARBANA, or BARnENNA^a river of Illyrium, whick 

 fpraug from the Labeatid Marfh, according to Livy. 



Bars AN A, in Geography, a town of Iflria, feven mikfi 

 N.N.E. of Pola. 



BARBANO, a fmall ifland in the northern part of the 

 Adriatic, near the coafl of Fnuli. N. lat. 45" 45'. E. long. 

 13^28'. 



BARBANOLA, Cape, is the fouth of Smyrna gulf, 

 on the coafl of Afia, at the eafl extremity of tlie Mediter- 

 ranean, and nine leagues S. by W. from Porto Gero. 



BARBAR, a province of Abyflinia, fcparated from At- 

 bara by the river Tacazze ; the capital of which is Gooz, 

 which fee. 



BARBARA, in Conchology, a fpecies of Helix, with 

 an oblong, coarfe, imperforated fhell, with eight wreaths, 

 and a fubrotund lunated aperture. This kind inhabits AU 

 gira. Somewhat rcfembks helix pupa, but is not above half 

 the fizc, being ufually about the bignefs of a barley-corn. 

 Gmel. &c. 



Barbara, in Entomology, a fpecies of FoiMiCA that in- 

 habits Africa, and is as large as F. hereulanea. It is black, 

 with the head, antennx, and extremity of the legs ferru- 

 ginous; 



