BAR 



BAR 



ormy, a force eompoftd of 20,000 Iiorfe, tojethei' witli a 

 •vail body of foot. By the reduftioii of the Goletta, after 

 an ob!H;iate defence by 6000 Tiirkifh foldi-:rs under the 

 eommHiid of Sinan, a renegade Jew, the braved and motl 

 experienced of all Barbarofl'a's corfairs, the emperor became 

 mailer of the fleet, coiifilting of eighty feven galleys aiid 

 galliots, together with the arfenal, and 300 cannon nrilUy 

 of brafs, that were plai'.ted on the ramparts. In thcfe 

 circnni(lance3, however, Barbaroifa neither loll his courage, 

 nor abandoned the defence of Tunis. But as the walls 

 were extremely weak as well as cxtenfive, he determined 

 to advance with his army, amounting to 50,000 men, 

 towards the imperial camp, and to decide the fate of his 

 kingdom by the iffue of a battle. Havintj communicated 

 his rcfolution to his jirincipal officers, he propofed to provide 

 againU the danger of a mutiny among the Chriftian ilaves, 

 during the abfence of the army, by maflTacring 10,000 of 

 them before he began his march. The barbarity of the 

 propofal filled his officers with horror ; and Barbarofl'a, 

 dreading their refentment, confented to fpare the lives of 

 the ilaves. The emperor's army which fuffered inconceive- 

 able hardlliips in tlieir march over burning fands, foon 

 came up with the Moors and Arabs under the command of 

 BarbarofTa, v/ho were fo completely routed, that, notwith- 

 ftanding all his efforts to rally them, he was hurried along 

 with them in their flight back to the city. This was found 

 a fcene of confufion ; fome of the inhabitants were flying 

 with their families and effcft"; ; others were opening the 

 gates to the conquerors ; tlie Turkiih foldiers were retreat- 

 ing ; and the citadel was in potfeffion of the Chrillian (laves. 

 Barbaroifa, difappoinled and enraged, fled precipitately to 

 Bona ; and Tunis furreridcred to the viftorious army of the 

 tmperor. . But the hiftre of this viAory was tarniflisd by 

 the excef5;s of the foldiers ; who facrifictd more than 30,000 

 of the innocent inhabitants, and carri-d away 10,000 of them 

 as flavcs. BarbarofTa, efcaped firll to Algiers, and then 

 repaired to Conftantinople, where he was received again 

 into favour, and fent with a fleet to ravage Calabria. Having 

 perfuaded Solyr.ian to make war on the Venetians, he 

 committed great devaluations in the ifle of Corfu, and after- 

 wards made an expedition to the coaft of Arabia Felix, 

 when he reduced all Yemen under the Turkifli dominion. 

 In a fubfequent war^between the Turks a.'.d Venetians, he 

 took many iOands in the Archipelago. In 1538 he crofled 

 over to Candia, and made an unfuccefsful attempt on 

 Canea. From thence he retired to the Ambracian gulf, 

 where he was overtaken by the Chrillian fleet under the 

 famous Andrew Doria. By his fliilful manoeuvres he not 

 only avoided the danger that threatened him, but gained 

 fome partial advantages, and canfed Doria to make a hafty 

 retreat to Corfu. In 1539 he recovci-ed Caftel Nuovo 

 from the confederates. In 1543, BarbarofTa left Conflan- 

 tinople v/ith a powerful fleet ; and proceeding to the Faro 

 of MefTiTia, took Reggio, and facked the coall of Italy. 

 He then bcfiegcd and took Nice ; but \fheu Doria ap- 

 proached with his fleet, Barbarcfia avoided him ; and 

 remaining in thofe leas during winter, he next fpring ravaged 

 the coalls and iflands of Italy, and then returned with 

 many prifoners to Conilantinoplc. During the remaining 

 period of his life, he fuperintended the naval affairs of 

 the grand fignior, and purfued that voluptuous courfe 

 to wluch he had been habituated, amidfl: a number of fair 

 captives ; and died at the age of eighty years, in 1547, 

 leaving his fon Haffan in pofTcfnon of the viceroyalty of 

 Algiers, and heir to all his property. With the ferocity of 

 a Turk aad a corfair, Barbarofla pofTelled fome generous 



fentimcnts, and obtained a charaftcr for honour and fidelity 

 to his engagements. Mod. Un. Hill. vol. x. p. 66, &c. 

 vol. XV. p. 14, &c. Robcrtfon's Hiil. of Ciiarles V. vol. lii. 

 p. 97, &c. Gen. Biog. See Algiers. 



Barbarossa, in ,E«/«w^57, a fpecics of Scarab/f.us, 

 dcfcribed by I'abricius as a native of New Holland. The 

 anterior part of the thorax is fcabrous ; horns of the head 

 recurved and fhort. 



BARB A nous, in a general ftnfe, denotes fomething 

 that p.irtakes of the quality of Barbarism ; and in this 

 fenfe, the term is applied to a nation, age, writer, word, 

 or the like. Barbarous Latin words are innumerable ; 

 the fchoolmen abound with them ; the chcmifts, phyficians, 

 and lawyers can fcarcely write intelligibly without 'hem. 

 Du-Cange has given two large volumes in folio of barba- 

 rous I>atin words, and as many of Barbarous Greek words. 

 The modern or vulgar Greek is fometimes called barbarous 

 Gieek, " barbavo-Grcca," or " Greco-barbara lingua." 

 Lanjrius has publilhcd " Philologia Barbaro-Greca," " Gram, 

 matica Baibaro-Greca," or " GlofTarium Barbaro-Grecum." 



BARBARUS, in Etilomology, a fpeeies of Papilio. 

 {Plel/. Rur.) The wings are without tails, and blueifh j 

 beneath fpotted all over with brown, and two fpots behind. 

 Gmelin. 



Bardarus, a fpeeies of Tenebrio, of a black colour, 

 and verv glofly ; thorax orbiculated ; anterior margin of 

 the fliield of the head elevated. This is about the middle 

 fize ; wing-cafes joined. Brander, &c. 



Barbaras, a fpeeies of Cryptocephalus that inha- 

 bits Barbai-y. The antennx are ferrated ; body hairy, 

 obfcure, brally. Found on compofite flowers. Fabricius. 



Barbarus, in Ichthyology, a fpeeies of Svngnathus, 

 found in European Teas. It has neither caudal nor anal 

 fin ; body fix-hded. Gmelin. In the dovlal tin are about 

 forty-three rays ; and in the pefloral fin twelve rays ; body 

 olive with faint blueifh tranlvcrfe lines. 



Barbarus, in Ornithology, a fpeeies of Vultur that 

 inhabits Barbary, and fome other parts of Africa, it is of 

 a blackilh brown ; beneath white, inclining to brown ; 

 legs woolly; toes lead colour; claws brown. Gmelin. 

 This is vultur borbaius, Briff. Orn. and bearded vulture of 

 Edwards and Latham. 



Barbarus, a fpeeies of Falco, called by the Englifh 

 writers the Barbary falcon ; the cere and legs are yellowilh ; 

 body blueifli, fpotted with brown ; breall immaculate ; 

 tail banded. GmeHn. The length of the bird is leven- 

 tecn inches, and, as its name implies, it is a native of Bar- 

 bary. 



BARBARY, in Geography, the northern traft of Africa> 

 is one of the three diflinft parts of North Africa, accord- 

 ing to the dillribution of major Renncl, and lying along the 

 Mediterranean. See Africa. 



As to the origin of the name of Barbary, we have a 

 variety of conjectures. Some fuppofe, that the Romans, 

 after they had conquered this large traft, gave it the name 

 by way of contempt or diflike of the rude and barbarous 

 manners of the natives. Marmol deduces it from the 

 Arabic word " Berber," a name given by the Arabs to the 

 ancient inhabitants, and which they retain to this day in 

 many parts of this traft, efpecially along the ridge of the 

 Great Atlas, where they are very numerous, and which was 

 given to them by their new invaders on account of the bar- 

 rennefs of their country. Leo Africanus fays that it was 

 given to thefe people on account of their ftrange language, 

 which appeared to them an inarticulate murmur, the Arabic 

 word " barbar," Jignifying "a murmuring found or noife.'* 



Others 



