BAR 



BAR 



ic'in'-umon or tczsrdea; the ferret or nimfe ; and the v:id<:\ country, and compelled by Ferdinand and Ifabclla to re- 



o'- fert-el-hcile. The mole, likewife, the rabbit, the hare, nounce their rehgion, or tranfport themftlves to the coall ot 



a'ld the wild boar, which is the chief prey and food of the Alrica. The exiles confederated with the Mahometan 



lions, are eveiy where numerous. Amonfj the oviparous princes on the coaft of Barbaiy, and htted out little Heels ot 



quadruoeds. Dr. Shaw enumerates the land and water tor- cmizers, which made depredations on Spam, brought away 



to'fe, the former beino-veiy palatable food, but the latter un- many of its inhabitants, and made flaves of them. 1 he 



wholfome; the warraf or guaral; the dhab or dab; the zer- Spaniards affemblcd a fleet of men of war, invaded Barbary, 



moumeah; the fl<ink. or fcincus; and the neije-daimah or took Oran and other places on the coaft of Algiers, and were 



booka-(hafh. Of the fcrpcntine kind, bcfides the flow-worm proceeding to make an entire coaqueft of the country. In 



and the fnake, which are common, the moft remarkable fpe- this dillrefs, tlie African princes belought the affillance of the 



cies are the thaibanrie, the zurreike or jaculus, the leffah or famous Turkifh rover, called Baibaroffa (lee theaitiele Bar- 



dipfas. Thefe are the on!v fpecies of the viper kind which barossa), agahilt the Chrillians. When he had repuUed then- 



Dr. Shaw difcovcred ; and he adds, that the northern p.irts of enemies, he ufurped the government of Algiers, asd treated 



Africa do not produce above five or fix diftinft fpecies the people who called him to their fuccour as flaves. His 



among the many that are d;-fcribed bv Lucan and Nicander. brother Hayradin purfucd the fame meafures with regard to 



Amon'T the bird?, he enumerates, befidcs the eagle kind, the the people of Tunis; and a third by llmilar means obtained 



karabun'.o, about the fize of our buzzard, the red-legged the government of Tripoli. In thefe ufurpations they were 



crow or pynliocorax; the emfeefy or ox bird; the boo-onk fupportcd by the grand fignior, who claimed the fovereignty 



or lono-.neck ; tiie burou-rou, one of the larger fpecies of the of t!ie whole coatt, and for fome time they were c.infidertd 



horned-owl; the yarourou; the fliagara^-; the houbaraa or as the fubjecis of Turkey, and governed by Turkifh baihas 



houbaary; the rhaad or faf-faf; th'e kitawiah or African and viceroys; but each of thefe itates, or rather the military 



la-TopusI the Barbary partridge or red-legged quail; the men, at length elefted a fovereign out of their own body, and 



green thrulh ; and the Capfa fparrow. The infefts of this rendered thtmfclves independent of the Turkilh empire. 



part of Africa are more numerous than curious. The moll The grand fignior has not now fo much as a baiba or officer 



curious fpecies of tlie butterfly kind is the lappet butterfly, at Algiers ; but the dey ads as an abfolnte prince, and is 



about four inches from one tip of the wing to the other, . only hable to be dcpofcd by the foldicry that advanced him. 



beautifully ftreaked with murrey and yellow, and having At Tunis and Tripoli he has ftiU baflias, who arc fome' 



near the tail a fpot of a carnation colour. The rareft fpecies check upon the deys, and receive a fmall tribute. All of 



of the libellx o." adderbolts is one, 3I inches long, broad- them, however, in cafe of emergency, claim the protection of 



tailed, of a rally colour, with bright fpotted wings. The 

 lead frequent of the beetle kind, is a fpecies with one horn, 

 of ths colour and lize of a ch.efnut. In the hotter months of 

 the fnmmer, the cicade, tetI.v?, or grafshopper, as we falfely 

 tranflate it, is perpetually lUinnlng the ears with its Ihrill and 

 un-Tratcful noife, from mid-day to the middle of the after. 



the Ottoman court, and they i'till continue to prey upon the 

 Spaniards, having never been at peace with them lince the 

 lofs of Granada. They make prize alfo of all oilier Chrif- 

 tian fliips that have Spanifli goods or paflcngtrs oh board, and 

 indeed of all others that are not at peace with them. The 

 Turks of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, are an abandoned 



noon. The loculls are very numerous, firft appearing race, confiiling of pirates, banditti, and the refufe of Turkey, 



towards the latter end of March, and in the middle of who have been forced to leave their feveral countries to 



April forming large fwarms, which even darken the fun, and avoid the punilhment of their crimes. See Algiers, &c. 



becrinning gradually to difappear in May. Of the ackrab and alfo Africa. 



or^fcorpfoii there are feveral fpecies. For other particulars Barbary is chiefly inhabited by three forts of people; 



relating to the produAions, commerce, cuftoms, &c. of the namely, JNIoors, who are the original natives; the Arabs, 



ilates of Barbary, fee Algiers, Morocco, &c. who have overran this country; and the Turks, who have 



The coaft of Barbary was probably firfl: planted by the fince made themfelves matters of fome of its bell provinces, 



Egyptians. The Phoenicians afterwards fent colonies thither, and the feveral kingdoms of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers, 



and' built Utica and Carthage. The Carthaginians foon be- though under a kind of tribute to, or dependence upon ths 



camepowerfuland wealthy by trade; and finding the country Ottoman porte. The Moors, or natives, are for the mod 



divided into many little kingdoms and ftates, eitlier fubdued part Mahometans; as there are few who have not been 



(n- made the princes on that coaft their tributaries, who, induced or compelled to embrace Mahometanifm fince the;r 



being weary of their yoke, availed themfelves of the oppor- fubjecliou to the Turks. They are even more fcrupulous 



tunity of affilling the' Romans in fubduing Carthage. The obfervers of the Mahometan law thsn the Turks themlclves; 



Romans remained fuvereigns of the coaft of Barbaiy, which and as they are generally even mere ignorant, they have 



indeed was alinoft the whole of tlieir poifeffion, Egypt ex- adopted every abiurdity of fuperlition. Among the cor- 



cepted, on the continent of Africa, until the Vandals in the fairs of Barbary, no charm, or magic fpell, no expedient, 



fifth century reduced it under their dominion. The Roman, though everfo fenftlefs, monilrous, and feemingly diabolical, 



or rather the Grecian emperors, having fome time after re- can be invented, to which they will not have reconrfe, pre- 



covered the coall of Barbary from the Vandals, retained the ferably to any of a more rational nature and efficacy, in 



dominion of it till the Saracen caliphs made an entire conquell fights, llorms, or other emergencies attending their hazardous 



of the north of Africa in the feventh century, and divided protelllon. Their condition is abjedl and mifcrable to the 



the country among their chiefs, of whom the fovereign of extreme, being crulhed wiah a heavy load of taxes, and 



Morocco was the moftconfidcrable, poffefling the north-weft treated with the utmoil cruelty by their infulting mailere, or 



part of that country, which, in the Roman diviiion, obtained expofed to the continual inroads of the plundering Arabs. 



the name of Mauritania Tingitania, from Tingis or Tan- Such is the ftate of thofe who live at large in the country 



gier the capital; and is now ftyled the empire of Morocco, upon their agriculture and cattle. As for thofe who inhabit 



comprehending the kingdoms or provinces of Fez and Mo- the fea-ports along the coaft, they are allowed to follow a 



rocco. In the eighth century, their anceftocs made a con- variety of handicraft trades and manufadlures, and even to 



queft of the greatcll part of Spain; but after the lofs of carry on fome commerce by land and fea. But they 



Granada, about the year 1492, they were difpoffcffcd of this are no Icfs oppreffed with taxes and other exactions. 



7 The 



