BAR 



fimplirity and energy ; and he introduced many valuable re- 

 forms into the ftate of medicine in that country. He wr-.s 

 no lefs tminer.t for his condefccnfion and hberahty than for 

 his medical reputation, and he alike vifited the poor and 

 the rich. The celebrated Mr. Locke was particularly ac- 

 quainted with iiim at Montptlier, and teftiiied to his honour, 

 that he never knew two men more fimilar in their manners 

 and opinions than Barbcyrac and his friend Sydenham. 

 After at) uninterrupted courfe of prafticc for 50 years, he 

 died of a fever in 1699, in his 70th year, leaving a fon of 

 his own profeffion, and two daughters. The only works 

 he publi(hai were " Traitcs nouveaux de Medicine, conte- 

 nant les Maladies de la Poitrine des Femmcs, et quelqucs 

 autres Maladies felon le? nouvelles Opinions," l2mo. 1654.; 

 and " Qiieftiones Medica? duodecim," 4to. 1658. A work, 

 intitled, " Medicanienterum Coiiftitutio, &c." pubhnied in 

 1751, is afcribed to him upon uncertain authority, accord- 

 ing to the editor M. Favjon. Haller. Bibl. Med. Praft. 

 Gen. Biog. 



Barbeyrac, John, the nephew of the preceding, 

 was born in 1674 at Beziers, whence h; withdrew to Lau- 

 fanne in 1686. His father defigned him for the profeffion 

 of theology, but his own inclination led him to the ftudy of 

 jurifprudence ; and he became en inent in that particular 

 branch of it which comprehends the law of nature and na- 

 tions. After teaching the Belles Lettres in the French col- 

 lege at Berlin, he was appointed in 1710 to the new pro- 

 felTurfliip of law and hiflory founded at Laufanne by the 

 magiftrates of Berne, which he occupied feven vcars. In 

 171 7 he was removed to the chair of law at Croningen, 

 and this ftation he Idng occupied with general applaufe. 

 His works are numerous and valuable. His French tranda- 

 tion of Puffendorf's " Law of Nature and Nations," and 

 his treatifes " On the Duties of a Man and a Citizen," and 

 on " Grotius on the Rights of War and Peace," were en- 

 riched wi'h learned prefaces and notes, which enhanced the 

 value of the originals. He alfo tranflated two d'fcourfes of 

 Noodt, " On the Power of the Sovereign," and " On Li- 

 berty of Confcience ;" a treatife of Bynkerllioek " On the 

 civil and criminal Powers of Ambafiadors ; fome of " Til- 

 lotfon's Sermons ;" a:^d Cumberland's Latin treatife " On 

 Natural Laws." Barbeyrac was alfo the author of feveral 

 original works. But that which excited the greateft atten- 

 tion was his " Treatife on the Morahty of the Fathers," 

 4to. 172S, in reply to the Benedictine Ceillier's " Apoloijy 

 for the Fathers," occafioned by Barbeyrac's free ftrictures 

 on them in his preface to the tranflation of Puffendorf. His 

 " Treatife on Gaming," in two volumes, 8vo. was printed 

 in 1709 ; his " Defence of the Rights of the Dutch Eaft 

 India Ccmpany againft the Pretenfions of the People of the 

 Auftrian Netherlands," in 1725; and " The Hiilory of an- 

 cient Treaties diiperfed in Greek and Latin authors to the 

 time of Charlemagne," fjl. in 1739. He alfo infertcd lite- 

 rary and critical remarks in different journals, and pnblifhed 

 fome acadtmical difcourfes. He clofed a life of learned la- 

 bour and moral worth about the year 1747. Nouv. Dicl. 

 Hiftor. 



BARBI, in Natural Hjjlory, a fpecies of Echi-jorh VN- 

 CHus, of an ovate ihape, yellow colour, fafciatcd ; neck 

 long, white, cylindrical ; and cyathifonn (glafs or pot- 

 fiiap-d'l at the end, found in the intclUna of the barbel. 



BARBICAN. See Barbacav. 



Barbican, in Ornkhoh^y, the name of the Gmelinian 

 lucco duh'tus, or doubtful barbct, in BufFon's Hift. Birds. 

 Barhu is alfo a name given by that writer to all the birds of 

 the lucco genus, which he defcribes. 



BA'RBICAN.-VGE. Barkic,\n4gium, in om- Old IVrh- 



VOL.III. 



BAR 



*n, money given ^ar the maintenance of a barbican, ©C- 

 watch-tovver ; or a tribute towards repairing or building a 

 bulwark. 



BARBICON (Barbicon de Cayenne), mOmUhdo-^, 

 the name of the Mufcicapa barbaia of Gmelin, in Buffon'g 

 Hnl. Birds. 



BARBiCORNIS, in Entomology, a fpecies of Brem- 

 Tus that inhabits New Zealand. It is cylindrical, with 

 the beak very long and bearded beneath : wing-cafes elon- 

 gated a;.c , lavated. Gmelin. This is Curculio Larbicor. 

 nh of Fabric! js Spec. Inf. 17 r. 



Barbicornis, a fpecies of Cerambvx, with the thoras 

 fpinous ; four firft joints of the antennx bearded with 

 black ; body teftacecus, variegated with black. Linn. A 

 native of Afia. 



Barbfcornis, a fpecies of Cimex (ReJuvius) that in- 

 habits Siena Leone. This is of a black colour, with the 

 thorax and bafc of the abdomen olive. Fabricius. Off. 

 The thorax is fometimcs, though rarely, black, and the aa- 

 tennx in one fex is b.arded. 



Barbicornis, a fpecies of Tipula, of a black colour; 

 antenns plumofc, and limplc at the tip. Inhabits Europe. 

 This is a fmall fpecies. Gmelin. 



BARBIER D'Aucour, yo/;n, in B'rgraphy, a coun- 

 fellor, and man of letters, was bom of mean parentage, in 

 1641, at Largres, and educated at Dijon. On his removal 

 to Paris, he was entered at the bar, and became a counfel- 

 lor of the parliament of Paris. He dillinguilhed himfelf by 

 tl^e excellence of his " faftnmo" or written pleas ; but being 

 obliged, either through want of prefence of mind or failure 

 of memory, to flop at his firft public pleading, he renounced 

 the praftice of his profeffion. In 1677 the minifter Col- 

 bert appointed him preceptor to his cldeft fon, and in 16S3, 

 he was elected into the French Academy. Colbert con- 

 ferred on him fome lucrative employments ; but, on his death, 

 he was under a neceflity of returning to the bar, and gained 

 great reputation by the defence of Le Brun, the domeftia 

 of a lady of Paris, who had been falfely accufcd of mur- 

 dering his mi.lrcfs. He was foon after carried off by an 

 inflammation of the lungs in 1694. His circumllances were 

 fo reduced, that when he was vifited, in his laft illnefs, by 

 a deputation from the academy, which exprefied concern at 

 finding him fo ill lodged, he replied, " It is my confolation, 

 and a very great one it is, that I leave no heir to my 

 wretchednefs." When the abbe Choifi, who was cne of 

 them, faid, " You leave a name tl'.at will never die;" " Alas! 

 (replied D'Aucour) I do not flattjer myfelf in that refpctt ; 

 if my works have any intrinfic value, I have been wron» in 

 the choice of my fubjefts ; I have employed myfJf in cri- 

 ticifm, which has no long duration ; for if the work that is 

 criticized, fhould fall into contempt, the critieifm falls w'th 

 it, fince it is immediately perceived to be ufelefs ; but if, in 

 fpite of the critieifm, the book mai.'tains its ground, the 

 critieifm is equally forgotten, btcaufe it is thought to be 

 unjuft." Barhicr was in early life embroiled with the Je- 

 fuits, who by way of contempt called him " Sacrus," in 

 confequence of his h.iving inadvertently uftd that word in- 

 llead of " Sacer," in his reply to one of them. Refcncir.g 

 this offence, he made the lociety and its writers the obje<ft» 

 of his attacks ; and he gained great credit as an ingenious 

 writer by a work, intitled, " Stntimcns de Cleanthc fur les 

 Entretiens d'Ariile tt d'Eugene, par le Pere Bouhours, Je- 

 fuite," i2mo. 2 vols, 1671, 1672. This work has been 

 often cited as a model of refined critieifm., equally juft and 

 witty ; and Bouhours could not fupport himfelf againft 

 it. Some other pieces of this author againft- the Jefuits, 

 abounding with coarfe raillery, did him no honour. In his 

 4 I two 



