BAR 



BARBIROSTRIS, in Entomology, a fpecles of Cur- 

 CULio, found in China and fonie other parts of Alia. It 

 is black ; fnout bearded ; anterior legs tridentated. Fabri- 

 cius. Donov. Inf. China, &c. 



BARBITANI Montes, in Ancient Geography, moun- 

 tains of India, on this fid- the Ganjres, in which, accord- 

 ing to Ammianus MarccUinus, are the fprings of many ri- 

 vers that flow into the Indus. 



BARBITON, an ancient mufical indniment, of which 

 nothing is known but the name ; and Rouffeau has not even 

 ventured to give us that. Complaints are frequently made 

 of the darknefs in which critics, commentators, and hiflo- 

 rians leave the fubjcft of ancient mulic ; which noi^e have 

 more caiife to lament than tliofe who have fpent the moft 

 time and labour in its invelligation. But as no record or 

 memorial has been found, which afcertains the invention, 

 form, or fpecies of inftrument called the larhhon, v.-ould mere 

 conjefture fatisfy the complainants ? MefiVs. Framery and 

 Caftilhon, more courageous than th » citizen of Geneva, have 

 told us, in the new Encyclopedic, all th:it is pretended to be 

 knov.-n about it ; though the former begins by telling us that 

 it is an inftrument about which nothing is known. The an- 

 cients and moderns have frequently confounded it with the 

 lyre. Dacier conjeftured that it was a ftringed inftrument ; 

 and deriving its name from barumiton,\i\\\Q\\\xn-^\\tithicl:Jlrings 

 of Jlaxcn thread, he concludes that it was an inftrument with 

 thick ftrings. It is certain that flax was in ufe for ftrings to 

 mufical inftruments, before the art was known of making 

 them of the bowels of animals. Horace calls this inftru- 

 ment Lelbian, Lejboum harhiton, ode i. lib. i ; and 32 of 

 the fame book, L.eJbto primum mochilate civi, " Thou, O bar- 

 biton, firft touched by a citizen of LeTaos," meaning Al- 

 C.EUS, to whom he afcribcs the invention. But, fays M. 

 Caftelhon, we may conclude from what Mufonius aflerts 

 of this inftrument, in his treatife " De Luxu Graecorum," 

 that they made a kind of concert with the peBh of the 

 Lydians. (See Pectis.) He aflures us that Tcrpander was 

 the inventor of it. Julius Pollux alfo calls it barbiton ba- 

 rumiton. Athenasus relates that they likewife called it bar- 

 mus, and attributes the invention to Anacreon. We hope 

 the grumblers will be perfeftly enlightened by this clear, 

 conjijlcnt, ?i.v\A fatisfa^ory account. 



BARBLE, or Barbel, in Ichthyology. See Barbus. 



Barbles, in the Manege, knots of fuperflous flefh grow- 

 ing in the channels of a horfe's mouth ; that is, in the inter- 

 vals which fcparate the bars ; and obitruft his eating. 



Thefe are alfo called harhes ; and obtain in black cattle 

 as well as horfes. 



For the cure, they caft the beaft, take out his tongue, 

 and clip oft" the barbies with a pair of fciftars, or cut them 

 with a ftiarp knife ; others choofe to burn them off with a 

 hot iron. 



BARBONI, in Ichthyology, a name formerly given by 

 many to the Mullus Barbatus ; which fee. 



BARBONNE, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Marne, and chief place of a canton in 

 the diftricl of Sezanne, li league fouth from Sezanne. 



BARBORA, an ifland" of Africa, oppoiite to the king- 

 dom of Adel, fo called after a town of the fame name upon 

 the neighbouring continent. This ifland, which is almoft 

 contiguous to the Terra Firma, is very fertile, and produces 

 plenty of corn, fruits, and cattle. The inhabitants are ne- 

 groes clothed in the fafliion of the natives of Adel, induf- 

 trious in trade, and great breeders of cattle, for which the 

 foil affords excellent pafturage. The produce of this ifland 

 is exported iiilo other countries. The city of Barboia lies 



BAR 



at the bottom of a convenient bay ; and was for a lon^ 

 time a kind of rival in commerce with Ztila, and no lcf» 

 the place of rtfort for foreign merchants. It is fituated 

 over againft the city of Aden, and made once a confiderabltf 

 figure, but was plundered and burnt by the Portuguefe 

 fleet in the year 1518 ; but the intiabitants, being previoufly 

 apprized of their defign, conveyed themfelves and their moll 

 valuable effefts away. 



BARBOSA, Arias, or Ayres, in Bhgrajihy, a native 

 of Aveiro in Portugal, and one of the rcftorcrs of clafiical 

 literature in his own country and in Spain. Having com- 

 menced his education at Salamanca under many difadvan- 

 tages, he purfncd his ftudies, particularly that of Greek, 

 which he cultivated with great ardour, at Florence, under 

 Angelo Politiano. After his return to Salamanca in 1494, 

 he taught there for 20 years, in conrvcftion with Antony dc 

 Lcbrixa, who, with Andrew de Refcnda, was alfo one of 

 the principal promoters of ufeful karning in Spain. Bar- 

 bofa directed fpecial attention to poctr) , and publifhed a 

 fmall volume of Latin poems, which were commended fyr 

 the harmonious ftrutture of the verfe. He was afterwards 

 employed' for leven years as preceptor to the two princes of 

 Portugal, Alphonfo and Henry ; and then retired to do- 

 mellic life, in which he died at an advanced age in 1540. 

 Befides the poems above mentioned, Barbofa pubiiftied fe- 

 veral works, which contributed at the time to the progrefs 

 of literature, but are now forgotten ; fuch as, " Com.meii- 

 taries on the poem of Arator," " Qjiiodlibeticas QuaEllio- 

 nes," « De Profodia," S:c. Moreri. Nouv. Didt. Hif- 

 tor. 



Barbosa, Peter, a celebrated lawyer, was born at 

 Viana, in Portugal, and became firft pvoftffor in the uni- 

 verlity of Coimbra. Although he occupied ftveral impor- 

 tant ftations, and was appointed by Philip II. of Spain, 

 when he became mafter of Portugal, one of the four coun- 

 fellors of the council of ftate, and afterwards chancellor of 

 the kingdom, he profccuted his profcffional ftudies ; and, 

 in 1595, he publifhed an ample commentary on the article 

 in the " Digefts," on the recovery of dowry after the dif- 

 folution of marriage. In 1613, the works left by him in 

 MS., which were commentaries on the " Digefts," art. 

 " On Judgments," were publiftied by his nephew, and fo 

 well received, as to be reprinted at Frankfort in 1715. 

 Other pofthumous treatifes were publilhcd at Lyons in 

 1662. Moreri. Nouv. Ditl. Hiftor. 



Barbosa, Emanuel, an eminent Portuguefe la«-yer, 

 was born at Guimaranes, and was king's counftUor for the 

 province of Alentcjo. In 161 8, he publiftied a treatife re- 

 lative to contracts, laft wills, and crimes, according to the 

 Spanifli and Portuguefe law. In 1638, he publiftied a work, 

 " De Potellate Epifcopi ;" and in that year he died, aged 

 near ninety years. Moreri. Nouv. Dift. Hift. 



Barbosa, AugvjUn, fon of the preceding, ftudied 

 civil and canon law under his father, and afterwards at 

 Rome, with inceflant affiduity, fearching libraries in the day, 

 and compofing in the night. It is related of him, that he 

 received a fcrap ofmanufcript wrapping fome lalt filTi, which 

 he purchafed, and that he icfcued the remainder from a 

 fimilar ufe ; and thus formed the work " De Officio Epif- 

 copi," whicii he corrcded and publiftied in his own name. 

 A prejudice was thus conceived agaiaft him, and feveral of 

 his treatifes on the canon law were afciibcd to his father. 

 He was, however, a very ftudious man ; and on his return 

 to Spain in 1632, he purfued the fame kind of life which 

 he had paffed at Rome. His ft<ill in ecclcliaftical caufes oc- 

 cafioncd his promotion, in 1648, to the bilhopric of Ugen- 

 4X2 to. 



