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and fea-port of Spain, in the province of Catalonia, of which 

 it is the capital, and the fee of a bidiop, fuffragan of the arch- 

 bi(hop of Taragona. It was originally foiir.ded by Hamil- 

 car Barcas, the father of Hannibal, and from him called 

 " Barcino," about 2jo years before Chriil. It was reduced 

 by the Romans, and continued fubjeft to them till the king, 

 dnm of Spain was overrun by the Goths and Vandals, and 

 afterwards by the Saracens and Moors. At the beginning 

 of the ninth century it was poflefled by the Moors, under 

 the government of Zade. This governor having abufed the 

 clemency of Charlemagne, and by his perfidious behaviour 

 provoked his fon, Lewis king of Aquitainc, Barcelona was 

 inverted, and the generals who were iritrufted with the com- 

 mand of the fiege had orders not to abandon it till Zade 

 was delivered into the hands of Lewis. The Moor made 

 an obftinate refillance; but finding that it was impoffible to 

 preferve the city any longer, after a defence of many months, 

 he determined to tiirow himfelf upon the emperor's mercy, 

 and was condemned to perpetual exile. At length, however, 

 the city furrendered, and the king of Aquitaine appointed 

 one Bera, count cf Barcelona. The city continued fubjedl 

 to him and his fncceflors, who were diftinguilhed by the 

 title of " Counts of Barcelona," from the year 802 to 

 1 131 ; wlien it was united to the crown of Arragon by the 

 marriage of Don Raymond V. count of Barcelona, with 

 Donna Petronilla the daughter of Don Ramiro the monk, 

 and heirefs of Arragon. In confequei.ce of the revolt of 

 the Catalonians, in 1465, Barcelona was befieged by 

 Don Juan II. king of Arragon, in 147 1. The fiege was 

 profecut'-'d for a confiderable time with vigour, but without 

 effed; however, in 1472, it capitulated on its own terms; 

 and the king, upon his pnbhc entr)' into the city, confirmed 

 all its privileges. In 1640, the Catalans, having fhaken 

 off the yoke of the Spaniards, called in the French to their 

 fuccour ; and they continued maftcrs of the capital till 1652, 

 when, after a fiege of fifteen months, it furrendered to Don 

 Juan of Auftria. In 1^97, it was again taken by the French 

 under the command of the duke of Vendome, but reftored 

 the fame year to the Spaniards by the peace of Ryfwick. 

 Although the inhabitants of Barcelona had taken the oath 

 of fidelity to the king of Spain, Philip V. and received from 

 him a confirmation of their privileges, they invited the Englifti 

 and Dutch, and the governor was obliged to furrender the 

 town to the allies in 1705, when Charles, afterwards em- 

 peror, was received and proclaimed king. In the following 

 year, Philip, aflilfed by the French, alfailed the city, and 

 took the fortrefs of Montjoui; but the fleet of the allies ad- 

 vancing to the rehef of the befieged, he was compelled to 

 abandon the enterprife and to retire from the place, May 1 2th 

 1706. By the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, the troops of the 

 emperor evacuated Catalonia; but the inhabitants of Barce- 

 lona perfifted in their revolt, and would not acknowledge 

 Phihp for their king. Accordingly they fuffered blockade 

 for a year, which was foUotved by a terrible bombardment; 

 and at length, after a fiege of fixty-two days, from the open- 

 ing of the trenches by the duke of Berwick, the town was 

 taken by affault on the nth of September 17 14. By the 

 moderation of the conqueror, the city was faved from pillage, 

 but the inhabitants were' deprived of their privileges; they 

 have fince, however, been rc-eftabli(hed, and in 17 15 a cita- 

 del vi'as eretled to keep them in awe. 



Barcelona is now one of the large ll and handfomeft cities 

 in Spain, and is reckoned the third moll confiderable city in 

 the kingdom. It is fituated on a plain by the fea-fide, open 

 to the fouth-eaft, but protefted by hills on the north and 

 weft, fo that it affords a healthy and dehghtful refidence; 

 however it is fubjedl to a fog brought on by the eaft wind. 



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The city is furroundcd by a good brick wall, round which 

 is another, with fourteen baftions, horn-works, ramparts, and 

 ditches. The ramparts are high and fpacious, and a great 

 number of carriages may be feen every evening driving upon 

 them for pleafure. The city is divided into two parts ; the 

 old and the new, which are feparated from each other by a 

 wall and a large ditch. The llreets are narrow and crooked, 

 and the churches are rather rich than beautiful. Barcelona 

 contains feveral confiderable edifices: that called the Ter- 

 fana, or the arfenal, is of large extent ; and a prodigious 

 galler)-, containing twenty-eight forges, has been erecked 

 in it within a few years. The other moll remarkable build- 

 ings are the cathedral, adorned with two high towers, the 

 church of Notre Dame, the palace of the bifhop, the ex- 

 change, the palace of the governor, that where the nobiUty 

 of the country affcmble, called " La Cafa de la Deputation," 

 and that of the inquilition. The hofpicio contains about 

 1400 indui^rious poor; and in the houfe of correction are 

 fometimes found women of rank, who have been guilty of 

 drunkennefs, or other low vices. The harbour is fpacious, 

 deep, and fecure, and defended on one fide from the winds by 

 a mountain called Montjoui, which rifes in the middle of the 

 plain near the city, runs into the fea in the form of a pro- 

 montory, is covered with vineyards, gardens, and groves of 

 trees, and a ftrong fort for defending the city, and fumifhci 

 a quarry of fine hard free-llonc ; and on the other fide by a 

 large mole; having a light-houfe with a fmall fort and gar- 

 rifon at the extremity. Into this harbour icoo veffcls arc 

 fuppofed to enter during peace, and of thefe 500 are Spanifh, 

 120 French, ico Enghlh, and 60 Danes. Barcelona is a 

 place of great trade, on account of the convenience of its 

 harbour ; although none but fmall veflels can enter within 

 the mole. Its chief manufaftures are filk, cotton, and wool, 

 and excellent fire-arms and cutlery: its chief imports are 

 corn, fifh, and woollen goods; and its exports wine, brandy, 

 cloth, and leather. Silks from Lyons, (lockings from 

 Nifmes, fevcral kinds of ftuffs and cottons althsugh they are 

 prohibited, and particularly dried cod, an article for which 

 Spain is faid to pay annually to the Englifti three miUions of 

 piailres, pafs into Catalonia through this port. About 

 twenty years ago, a very large cannon foundery was eftablifhcd 

 in this city, under the direftion ofM.Maritz, a Swifs; audit 

 has feveral glafs-houfes. The inhabitants are induilrious and 

 aftive, and their number is faid to exceed loc.cco; they are 

 hofpitable to ftrangers; the women are as handlome as any in 

 Spain, lively in their converfation, and Icfs reilrained in their 

 conduct than in other parts of the country. Barcelona was 

 erefted into a county by Charlemagne, and became an inde- 

 pendent fovereignty in the year 873 or S84. The king of 

 Spain is called the count of Barcelona. The diocefe con- 

 tains 213 parifhes, befides 8 in the city. It is dillant 13 

 leagues E. N. E. from Taragona, and 92 E.N.E. from 

 Madrid. N. lat. 41° 26'. E.iong. 2" 13'. 



BARCELONETTA, a town of France, and principal 

 place of a diftricr, i.T the department of the Lower Alps. 

 It anciently belonged to Piedmont, and was ceded to France 

 by the treaty of Utrecht in 1 7 1 3. It is fituated on the right 

 bank of the Ubaye, in a valley of excellent pallurage, 

 4 leagues S. of Embrun, and 8j N.N.E. of Digne. N. lat. 

 44-' 23'. E. long. 6° 40'. 



B.4RCEL0NETTA, Or Cumanyolto, a town of South Ame- 

 rica, in the counti-)' of Terra Firma, and principal place of a 

 diftrift in the province of Cumana. 



BARCELONNE, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Gers, and chief place of a canton in the dillnA o' 

 Nogaro, feated on the Adour, contaioing about 2000 inha- 

 bitants; 



