BAR 



BAR 



tion and judgment. Two copies of the " Apology" 

 were tranfmittcd to each of the minillers plenipotentiary 

 then afTcmbled at the congrefs of Nimeguen. It was printed 

 in 1676, at Amfterdam ; and two years after, the author 

 piihliflicd an Englilh tranflation of it. It was alfo tranflated 

 into other languages, and excited very general attention. 

 The " Apology" is a learned, fcholaftic, methodical per- 

 formance ; and it is regarded as the firll: authority for the 

 principles of the feci. The fociety derived conliderable 

 reputation from it ; and whilll it contributed to remove 

 prejudices againil this fcit both at home and abroad, it 

 gave them a refpeflable rank among the reformed churches. 

 The dedication is no lefs remarkable than the apology it- 

 felf. It is addreffed to king Charles 1 1. ; and (peaks to 

 him in fo plain and forcible a manner refpefting the events 

 of his own life, and pleads the caufe of religion, and of 

 the author's own fociety, with fuch a manly fpirit, that it 

 has ever been admired as a model in its kind. Let the 

 following paffage ferve as a fpecimen : " Thou haft tailed 

 of profpcrity and adverfity ; thou knoweft what it is to 

 be banilhed thy native country, to be over-ruled as well as 

 to rule and fit upon the throne ; and being opprefled, thou 

 haft reafon to know how hateful the oppreffor is both to 

 God and man." This addrefs did not avail, as Voltaire 

 afferts, to rellrain the perfecutiou which then raged againft 

 the Quakers ; for Robert Barclay himfelf, after his return 

 from Holland and Germany, which he vifited in company 

 with the famous William Pcnn, was, in 1677, imprifoned 

 in Aberdeen, together with his father and many other 

 Quakers, at the iuiligation of Sharp archbiiliop of St. An- 

 drew's, with whom he remonftratej by an excellent letter 

 on the occallon. By the interpol~ition of Elizabeth the 

 princefs palatine of Rhine, who rcfpecled the Qjiiakers and 

 correlpo[;ded with both Penn and Barclay, he was fooii 

 liberated ; and he even acquired the favour of the court, 

 fo that in 1679, he obtained a royal charter for ereifling 

 his lands at Urie into a free barony. In 16^2, he was 

 elefted governor of Eaft Jerfey, in North America, by 

 the proprietors of the province ; but he declined accepting 

 the appointment, and was fatisfied with naming a deputy 

 governor. Whilft he was in prifon at Aberdeen, in 1677, 

 he publifhed a treatife on " Univerfal Love," intended to 

 fhew that this principle prevailed more in liis church than 

 in any other. In the fame year he addreffed a Latin 

 letter to all " the ambaffadors and deputies of the Chriftian 

 princes and ftates, met at Nimeguen to confult the peace 

 of Chriftendom," urging them to promote that good work, 

 and pointing out the true caufes of war, and its incompati- 

 bility with Chrillian principles. He had alfo written, in 

 1676, a Latin letter concerning " the Pofilbility and Ne- 

 cefiity of an inward and immediate Revelation," to Adrian 

 Paets, a perfon of diftinftion in Holland; and in 1686 this 

 letter was tranflated into Enghlh and publifhed. This was 

 the lail, and has by many members of the fociety, been 

 reckoned among the moft important of his performances. 

 His time was very much occupied in journies for the benefit 

 of the fociety, with a view both of promulgating its doflrines, 

 and protecling its membersfrom oppreflion. Barclay and Penn 

 were on terms of intimacy with James II.; who, fenfible 

 that he and his party needed toleration, affcdled to be the great 

 patron of liberty of confcience. The non-refifting princi-' 

 pies of the' quakers in civil mattere, might probably give 

 jiim a predilettion for their religious opinions above thofe 

 of other Proteftants. Barclay was engaged in a private 

 conference with the king in the year 16S8, juft as the wind 

 became fair for bringing over the prince of Orange, and on 

 that occafion urged his majefty to make fome coriceffion for 



7 



fatisfying his people ; but his advice was of no avail. Robert 

 Barclay did not long furvive the revolution. He died, 

 after a (hort illnefs, in his houfe at Urie, in Odlober 1(190, 

 in his forty-fecond year, leaving feven children, all of whom 

 were living fifty years afterwards. The moral charaAer of 

 this eminent perfon corrcfponded to the great employment 

 of his life, which was that of promoting what he conceived 

 to be the caufe of religious truth. He was amiable and 

 refpeftable ; nor did the grairity of his purfuits infufe any 

 rigour or fournefs into his converfation and manners. He 

 governed his houle with great prudence and difcretion, and 

 preferved a ferene mind under all the changes of his fortune. 

 Biog. Brit. Gen.Biog. 



Barclay Fort, in Ctogrnphy, is the weft point of the 

 entrance into Eiiglifh harbour, on the fouth fide of the 

 illand of Antigua ; the eaft point alfo has a battery, from 

 which it is diftant only about 300 yards. 



BARCONE, mNarr ration, a (hort broad veflehof a mid- 

 die fize, ufed in the Mediterranean for the carriage of corn, 

 wood, fait, and other provifions, from one place to another. 



BARD, is ufed in the Culinary Art, for a broad (lice of 

 Bacon ufed to cover fowls before they are roafted, baked, 

 or otherwile drefied. 



BARDA, or Pap.tha, in Gtograph)', a town of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Upper Saxony and circle of Leiplick, 

 2 miles S.W. of Grimma. 



BARDANA, in B-Aany. See Arctium. 



Bardana, in the Materia Medica. See Arctium 

 Lappa. 



BARDANyE, in Entomology, a fpecies of Curculio, 

 of a cylindrical form, downy, greyiih ; anterior legs elongated. 

 About the fize of C.parapleCficiis, and not unlike it in ap- 

 pearance. Inhabits Europe. 



BARDARIOT/E, in Antiquity, were a kind of ancient 

 guard attending the Greek emperors, armed with rods, 

 wherewith they kept off the people from crowding too near 

 the prince, when on horfeback. Their captain, or commander, 

 was denominated primivcrgim. The word was probably 

 formed from the hards or houfings on their horfes. 



BARDE. SeeBARBE. 



BARDED, in Heraldry, is ufed in fpeaking of a horle 

 that is caparifoned. 



He bears fable, a cavalier d'or, the horfe larded, argent. 



BARDELLE, in the Manege, denotes a faddle made in 

 form of a great faddle, but only of cloth lluiTed witii 

 llraw, and tied tight down with packthread, without either 

 leather, wood, or iron. Bardelles are not ufed in France ; 

 but in Italy they trot their colts with fuch faddles ; and 

 thofe who ride them are called cava'cadoitrs, ox feozom. 



BARDESANISTS, in EcchfuyTical Biftory, a feft thus 

 denominated from their leader, Bardefanes, a Syrian of 

 Edcffa in Mefopotamia, in the fecond century. Bardanes 

 was a man of acute genius and profound erudition, and 

 wrote feveral works which procured him reputation. He 

 was eloquent in the Syriac language, and well acquainted 

 with the Greek. His thirft for knowledge induced him to 

 travel into the eaft, in order to converfe with the brach- 

 mans and other philofophers of that country. He was 

 held in high eftimation by Abgarus, who reigned in Edefl'a 

 from the year 152 to 1S7. A work written by him, " upon 

 Deftiny," againft Abydas the aftrologer, was valued by 

 the ancients ; and a fragment of it is quoted by Eufebius, 

 in his Prxp. Evang. 



Bardelanes adopted the oriental philofophy concerning 

 the two principles ; maintaining that the fupreme God 

 is free from all evil and imperfection, and that he created 

 the world and its inhabitants pure and incorrupt ; that in 



proccfs 



