BAR 



BAR 



Bafnage, and alfo by Mr. Jeremiah Jones. To this purpofe he 

 alleges that it is not in any of the ancient catalogues of 

 facred books ; that it is not cited in fcripture by any of the 

 fathers ; that it was not read in the aflemblies of the primi- 

 tive Chrillians ; that it contains contradiftions, notorious 

 falfchnods, and grofs millakes ; and alfo many things that 

 are trifling and filly. 



Moflieim fays that it was the produftion of fome fiiper- 

 ftitious Jew whofe attachment to Jewifh fables, as well as 

 mean abilities, {liew that, notwithftanding the uprightnefs of 

 his intentions, he muft have been a very different perfon 

 from the true Barnabas who was St. Paul's companion. Mr. 

 Jones fuppofes that it was written by a perfon who had been 

 originally a Gentile or Pagan. 



Dr. Lardner thinks it molt probable, that it was written 

 by Barnabas, foon after the deftruclion of Jerufalem by 

 Titus, in the year of our Lord 71 or 72 ; and that it was 

 addrefTcd not to Jews, as archbiihop Wake fuppofe's, but to 

 Gentiles, or perhaps rather to Chrillians in general, and in- 

 tended to abate their refpecl for the peculiar rites and inlli- 

 tutions of the Jewifll laws and to (hew that they were not 

 binding upon Chriftians. It was written in Greek ; but the 

 four firll chapters or feftions, and a part of the fifth, are 

 wanting in the Greek copies. It is however entire in an 

 ancient Latin verlion. This cpiftle has no infcription, as 

 it is not direfted to the Chriftians of any particular place ; 

 and on this account it has been fometimes called a Catho- 

 lic epIi'Ue. Lardner's works, vol. ii. 12, &c. Jones's New 

 and Full Mvlliod of fettling the Canonical Autlicrity of the 

 New Teftamenc^ vol. ii. p. 500, &.C. Mofliciin's Eccl. Hilt, 

 vol. i. p. 1 13. 



Barnabas, St, Gnfpcl of, a fpurious gofpel mentioned 

 by pope Gelalius, in his decree againft apocryphal books. 

 The Turks have a gofpel under this name, in which there 

 are many things injurious to Chrift and honoi^rable to Ma- 

 homet. It was compofed in Arabic, as M. de la Crofe 

 thinks, under the emperor Frederic II., A. D. 1211 to 

 1245, and was trandated into Itahan about the middle of 

 tlie 15th ccntui-y. Profeflbr White has given extracts from 

 this gofpel at the end of his " Sermons at the Bampton 

 Leflures." 



Barn-abas'j, St., Day, in the Cahndar, a Chriftiin 

 feftival celebrated on the i ith of June. 



Barnabas, Cape, in Geography, lies in the north-weft; 

 of America, in N. lat. 57° 13', between Trinity ifland and 

 Cape Greville. 



BARN.ABE, St., IJland, is fituated at the mouth of 

 a fnvaU river of this name which falls into the river St. Lau- 

 rence, and molt remote to the north-eall on the fouthern 

 or ftarboard fhore in coming down from Quebec. 



BARNABITES, in Ecckfiapcal Hiftiry, an order of 

 religious thus called from the church of St. Barnabas at 

 Milan, where they were firit eftabliflied, and which was be- 

 llowed upon them in the year 1545 ; and not as iome have 

 imagined becaufe St. Barnabas was their patron : in reality, 

 St. Paul is the patron of the Barnabites. 



The Barnabites are regular priefts of the congregation of 

 St. Paul. Their habit is black, and the fame with what 

 they wore vi'hen firft eftablillied, in 1533, by the exprefs 

 buHs of pope Clement VII. and afterwards confirmed by 

 Paul III. Their ofnce is to inftruCt, catechize, and ferve 

 in niiflion. 



BARNACH, in Geography, a fmall iOand near the weft; 

 coaiL of Ireland, fituate in Black Sod bay. 



BARNACIS, in Anaent Geography, a town of Hifpa- 

 niaTarra^Tonenfis, in the territory of the Carpctani. Ptolemy. 



BARNACLE, or Bernacle, ia Conchology, is the 



common name of the fpecies of Lepas called Anaiifera ; 

 and is applied aUb in a general manner to all the fhells which 

 belong to the Lepas genus. 



Barnacle-Goo5E, or Bernacle-G5»2/?, in Ornithology, 

 the common Englifn nam.e of that kind of goofe which 

 was deemed tlie offspring of the Lepas Anatifera in the fix- 

 teenth century. See Anatifer.\, and Anas Erythropus, 

 the latter being the Linnxan name of the Barnacle goofe. 



BARNADESIA, in Botany, a flirub fo named by Mu- 

 tis, from Michael Bamades, a Spanifh botanift. Lin. g. 

 Schrcb. 1260. Supp. 55. Juir. 178. C\zk,fyngeneJ!a poly- 

 gamia agnalis. Nat. Ord. Cmvpojita d'lfcoideiz — Corymhifere 

 Juff. Gen. Char. Gal. common, fomewhat ventricofc, 

 fpreadlng at the tip, imbricate ; fcales numerous, gradually 

 longer- from the bafe to the tip ; the inferior or exterior, 

 ovate, clofely imbricate, fhsrp, pungent ; the fuperior or 

 interior, fubulate, flat, fpreading, pungent. Cor. compound, 

 rayed ; corollets hermaphrodite, tubular, very few (three or 

 four), remote, in the difl< ligulate, in a fimple feries, in the 

 ray. Proper to the former, funnel-form ; tube very (hort ; 

 border hairy, five-parted ; parts converging. Proper to the 

 latter, ligulate, lanceolate, fpreading at the bafe, incurved 

 at the tip, and fplit, outwardly very haiiy ; tube longer 

 than the calyx. Slam, filaments five ; anthers cylindric, tu- 

 bular. Pili. germ ovate ; ftyle filiform, longer than the 

 flamens ; itigma bifid j clefts fpreading, ovate-rounded. 

 Per. none ; calyx converging ; feeds very many, ovate, 

 hairy ; haiis reverfed. Down of the flowers of the diflc 

 brillly ; rays fubulate, iliff, broken backwards, naked or 

 covered with minute hairs ; of the radial flowers long, 

 ereft, fpreading, many-rayed, feathery, foft. Recept. flat, 

 villofe, without chaff. 



Eff. Gen. Char. Cal. naked, imbricate, pungent. Cor. 

 radiate ; down of the ray feathered, of the diflc briitly, 

 broken backwards. 



Species. Darruid.fia fp'mofa is a fhi-ub with very fmooth 

 branches, fet with a pair of thorns at their origin, which 

 at firft were ftipulcs ; they are petalous, brown, fmooth j 

 leaves alternate, fimple, ovate, entire, fliarp, flat, veined, 

 fomewhat hairy on both fides, whitifti underneath ; petioles 

 very ftiort ; ilipules in pairs, fmall, fubulate ; flowers in pa- 

 nicles, terminating ; calyx pubefcent. The flower is Angular 

 in having two forts of down. This, which is the only fpecies 

 of this genus, is a native of South America, where it was 

 difcovercd by iSIutis. 



BARNARD, or Bernard, John, in Z?%rj/.fv,wasbom 

 at Caftor in Lincolnfliire, and educated at Queen's college in 

 the univerfity of Cambridge. In 164S, he was admitted, by 

 order of the vifitors appointed by parliament, fellow of 

 Lincoln college at Oxford. After the reftoration, he con- 

 formed, and was promoted to be prebendary in the church 

 of Lincoln. He died at Newark, on a journey to the Spa, 

 in 1683. He was in good repute for his learning and or- 

 thodox principles, and was author of the following books ; 

 viz. " Cenfura Clerior, againft Scandalous Minillers, &c." 

 4to. 1660; " Theologo-Hiftoricus, or the Life of Dr 

 Heylyn," whofe daughter lie married, 8vo. 1 6S3 ; "An 

 Anfwer to Baxter's falfe accufation of Heylyn ;" and a 

 " Catechifm" for the ufe of his parifli. Biog. Brit. 



Barnard, Sir John, a patriotic citizen and diflingui/hed 

 magiltrate of London, was boni at Reading in Berkfhire, 

 in 1685, of parents who were Quakers, and educated at a 

 fchool belonging to perfons of this perfuafion at Wandfworth 

 in Surry. In early life he was diftiiiguithed by the integrity 

 and candour of his mind, fo that all differences among his 

 fchool-fellows were fubmitted to his decifion. In the fif. 

 tctiuh year of his age, his fatlier, who was now fettled in 



4O 2 Londoa 



