BAR 



JLondon in the vvine-traJe, introduced him into !iis own 

 bufinefs ; and Iiis ronduft was fuch as fully to jullify the 

 confidence that was repofed in him. Amidll other avoca- 

 tions that occupied his thoughts and time, he dircfted his 

 particular attention to religion ; and without doubt from 

 conviftion, renounced the profefiion of his parents, and 

 became a profclyte to tiie eftablifhed church. Accordingly 

 he was baptifed by Dr. Conipton, bifliop of London, after 

 fcveral previous conferences, at his clianel in Fulham, in 

 1703. It was the uniform praftice ot Mr. Barnard, from 

 his earlicll youtli, to alTociate with perfons of riper age 

 than his own, and with fuch as were didinguifiied by their 

 talents, learning, and religion; and his improvement in know- 

 ledge and virtue correfponded to the felcftion he made of 

 his companions and friends. In this courfe of fediilous 

 application to mental culture as well as to fccular employ- 

 ment, Mr. Barnard perfevered till he had attained the thirty- 

 fixth year of his age ; and he was only known in private 

 life by the excellencies of his charafter. About this time 

 a bill that materially affefted the wine-trade had pafled the 

 commons, and was depending in the upper houie. The 

 merchants that were likely to be injured by the operation 

 of this bill, appointed Mr. Barnard to ftate their objec- 

 tions before the lords ; and fuch were the abihties which 

 he manifefted on this occafion, and fuch was the fuccefs 

 that attended his exertions, that in 172 1 he was propofed, 

 without his knowledge, as a candidate to repref.'nt the city 

 of London at the next eleiflion, which took place in the 

 following year. The conteft was as warm as any that had 

 ever been known in the city ; but Mr. Barnard, though he 

 declined all perfonal felicitation, fucceeded by the zeal and 

 aftivity of his friends. His parliamentary conduft, during 

 a period of forty years, was in the higheil degree indepen- 

 dent and refpeftable ; and he derived from his charafter 

 as well as talents fingular influence. He diftinguiihed him- 

 felf by his oppofition to the meafures of adminillration, 

 then eondufted by fir Robert Walpole, and particularly to 

 the extenfion of the excife, which he condemned both in a 

 commercial and political light, and which, by his vigorous 

 and affiduous efforts, he induced the minifter at length to 

 abandon. Heedlefs of popularity in meafures which in his 

 judgment concerned the good of his country, he attempted 

 to reduce the intereit of the national debt from four to three 

 per cent. ; and by his endeavour incurred a temporary 

 odium. In 1732 he had obtained the honour of knight- 

 hood, on occafion of prefenting a congratulatory addrefs to 

 king George II. ; and in 1737 he was raifed to the dignity 

 of the chief magiftrate of the city of London ; an office wiiich 

 he executed with fingular reputation to himfelf and advan- 

 tage to the public. So attentive was he to the duties of 

 this office, that he would not fieep a fingle night in his 

 houfe at Clapham, left any perfon (hould be injured by his 

 temporary ahfence. No magillrato was ever more vigilant 

 in his attention to the internal police of the city over which 

 lie prefided ; and blended lenity v.ith feverity in the admi- 

 iiiftration of it with fo much difcretion. He would never 

 fufTer any perfon to be committed to prifon for a fingle 

 night, till the accufation agaiidl him had been fairly heard ; 

 for he well knew the danger to which unguarded youth 

 would be expofed even by a ihort abode in thefe receptacles 

 of infamy. The ilate of our gaols had been the objeft of 

 his particular invelligation, and he was fully apprized of 

 thofc abufes that npeded correction and rcllraint. In 1745 

 fir John Barmrd took the lead in figning an agreement to 

 take bank notes in lieu of cafli, and iii thus fupporting 

 public crtdit at a period of peculiar danger. In 1749, he 

 iecame the father of the city ; and the London merchants 



BAR 



Iiad previoufly, viz. in 1747 teftificd their veneration of 

 him by erefling his ftatue in the Royal Exchange. This 

 token of refpeft, however, he difapproved ; as he thought 

 that no charafter v.-ns entitled to it, till its perfeverance 

 in integrity had been fealed by death : and fuch was his 

 modelly, that he never after tranfafted bufineffi within this 

 edifice. In 1754 he was for the laft time, without folici- 

 tation and in oppofition to his own wifhes, elefted a repre- 

 fentative of the city ; but his infirmities incrcafing, he 

 thought proper, in 1758, to refign his alderman's gown. 

 After fome years of honourable retirement, he died at Clap- 

 ham in 1764, leaving one fon (diftinguidied by hi.: tafte in 

 the polite arts, and by his admirable colleftion of j.-.^ures) 

 and two daughters. Few perfons ever fudained a charafler 

 fo uniformly rcfpeftable as fir John Barnard. He was ,iot 

 only blamekfs, but eminently exemplary in the various rela- 

 tions and offices of life. To the faithful and aftive dif- 

 charge of the perfonal and fecial duties, he added a mod 

 devout fenfe of religion. The firtt hour, at lealt, of every 

 day was employed in the exercife of devotion and the 

 ftudy of the fcriptures. He attended public worfliip twice 

 on a Sunday, and was conftant in receiving the communion. 

 He had fuch a high reverence for the bible, that he always 

 exprefled a great diflikc of any attacks which were made 

 upon its facred original and authority. Although he re- 

 linquifhed the profefiion of his youth, he retained, in a 

 coiifiderable degree, that fimplicity of manners and plainnefs 

 of drefs which diftinguilh the refpeftable body to which 

 his family belonged. But though he was modeft in his 

 deportment, he was fimt and fearlefs in the difcharge of 

 his duty. His language was clear, concife, and unaffeflcd ; 

 and his wifdom and knowledge were recognized by perfons 

 of the firll charafter in his time ; infomuch that he was 

 urged in 174'), by king George the fecond, to accept the 

 office of chancellor of the Exchequer, which he refufed. 

 Lord Granville and Mr. Pulteney frequently confulted him 

 on affairs of moment ; and lord Chatham, when Mr. Pitt, 

 has been known to ftile him the great commoner. The 

 mufe of Pope, by exhibiting him in contrail to worthlefo 

 wealth and title, has imm.ortahzed his name. 



" Barnard in fpirit, fenfe, and truth abounds ; 

 Pray then what wants he ? Fourfcore thoufand 



pounds." I^iog. Brit. 



Barnard, in Geography, a townfhip of America, in 

 Windfor county and ftate of Vermont, containing 673 in- 

 habitants. It gives rife to the northern branch of Water- 

 queche river, and is diftant d^ miles N. E. from Benning- 

 ton. 



BARNARD CASTLE, or Castle Bernard, a 

 town of Durham, in England, 246 miles N. N. W. from 

 London, and 26 from Durham. The town is about a 

 mile in Icngtii, and confifts of feveral ilreets ; the prin- 

 cipal of which is upwards of forty yards in width, and is 

 moftly filled with handfome modern buildings. The air of 

 this part of the country is remarkably falubrious, the mar- 

 ket is abundantly iupplied, and the fituation poflefTcs every 

 advantage to render it pleaf^nt. The woollen manufaftoi-y^ 

 has declined of late from the great ufe of cotton goods ; 

 much bufinels is done by the tanners; and the ftocking trade 

 is particularlv fiourifhing. This town is mentioned as ex- 

 iiling foon after the conqueft ; though it was then probably 

 but an infignificant place, as it derived its chief confequence 

 as well as its name from the magnificent cattle founded here 

 by Bernard Baliol about the year 1178. This fortrefs is 

 fituated on the fum:-#it of a high rock to the weftward of 

 the town, and was anciently of much importance ; maintain- 

 ing a number of officers, and being veiled v. ith high privi. 



leges 



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