BAR 



leges by its different poffcfTors. We find the names of 

 John Baliol father to the king of Scotland, the celebra- 

 ted Guy Beauchamp earl of Warwick, and Richard duke of 

 Gloucefter afterwards Richard III., occur among the pro- 

 prietors of the caftle. The latter founded a college for a 

 dean, 12 fecular pritlh, 10 clerks, and 6 choriftcrs ; but it 

 is prefumed that his intentions were in part fruitrated by 

 the fubfequent troubles of his reign, as no traces of this 

 foundation are now difcernible. In the reign of Charles I., 

 this caftle, after being feveral years in the poireffion of the 

 crown, was purchafed by an anccftorof the prefent earl of 

 Darlington, and gives a title to his lordfliip's eldeft fon. In 

 the year 1699 it was created a barony by king William III. 

 The prefent remains cover about fix acres of ground. The 

 parts of chief llrength ftand on the brink of a fteep rock 

 about eighty perpendicular feet above the river Tees, and 

 every way command a moft beautiful profpeft. Many frag- 

 ments of the ruins have the arms of Richard the third, who 

 is fuppofed to have confiderably contributed to this building. 

 Though we can readily afcertain from the above that this for- 

 trefs muft have been a place of great llrength and extent, yet it 

 i^ not poffible to form any competent idea what it was in its 

 original and perfeft Hate. Leland in particular mentions 

 parts of which there are not the leaft remains. The envi- 

 rons of the town are remarkably beautiful ; the vale of the 

 Tees abounding with a great variety of pifturefque, pafto- 

 ral, and auguft fcencry. From the caftle cliffs northward, 

 the river is bordered by a hanging foreft of oaks on one 

 hand, and on the other by fine meadow land. The extended 

 battlements, the circular tower and the moft ilately parts man- 

 tled with ivy, the brown rocks fringed \v^th brufli wood, the 

 brighter yellow towers, and the dark and (haded battlements, 

 are contrafted by the azuf-e lake on whofc furface they are 

 reflefted. Near the path on the margin of the river is a fine 

 new bridge of one arch, ktely ertdled by Saurey Morrit 

 Efq. of Rokeby Park. The number of houfes in thetown- 

 fhip is 3 1 2, and its inhabitants 2966. Hutchinfon's Hiftory 

 of Durham, vol. iii. 410. 



BARNARDO Islands, are five iflands on the north 

 coaft of South America, laid down in modern charts off the 

 north point of the entrance into Morofquillo bay. They lie 

 S. S W. from the harbour of Carthagcna, in the diredliou 

 of the coaft. To the weft of fonth from them is the open- 

 ing into the gulf of Darien, which is the limit between North 

 and South America. Thefe iflands form a large bay and 

 harbour in N. lat. 9° 35', and W. long. 77" 20'. The outer- 

 moft ifland is called St. George's, the innermoft is St. Gif- 

 bertus, and Goerec ifland lies between them. The river 

 Chenu is to the weft of thefe iflands. 



BARNASNE, mountains of Ireland, in the county of 

 Kerry, 8 miles S. W. of Killarney. 



BARNAUL, a town of Siberia, on the weft fide of the 

 Oby, 100 miles S.S.E. of Kolyvan. It is frtuated on the 

 Oby, in the government of Kolyvan, famous for its filver 

 and copper mines, which alfo produce gold. Thefe mines 

 are much more productive than thofe of Nertfhintl<; for the 

 pits hitherto opened in the latter have no continued or ftcady 

 veins, are never powerful, and fcldom terminate in large nefts, 

 are always poorer as they proceed in depth, and change their 

 contents at every fathom. The mines of Barnaul belong to 

 the crown. About 40,000 boors earn their capitation ta:< 

 in working at them, over and above the miners and other 

 workmen properly belonging to them. The quantity of 

 gold produced at Barnaul and the Shlangenberg from 1745 

 to 1780, amounted to 6S6 pood, 16 pounds, 49 folotniks 

 of pure gold. 



BARNEGAT Inlet, called In fome maps Neiv Inht, 



BAR 



is the paffage from the fea into Flat-bay found, on the fouth- 

 eaftern coaft of New Jerfey, 68 miles N. E. from cane May. 

 N. lat. 39''47'3o". W. long. 74° 13'. 



EARNER, James, in Biography, born at Elbing, in 

 Weft PrufTia, in 1641, applied himfclf early to tlie ftudy of 

 chemiftry, in \-.hich he made fuch progrefs, that in 1670 

 he was engaged to give lefturcs in that art at Padua. After 

 refiding fome years in that univerfity he went to Ijeipfic, 

 where he pradiifcd medicine with fuccefs. Retiring at 

 length to Elbing his native country, he died therein 16S6. 

 Earner left feveral works on the fuLjeft of chemiftry, but 

 that by which he is principally known is his " Chymia phi- 

 lofophica, cum do6trina falium, medicamentis fine igne 

 cuhnari parabilibus ;" publifhed at Nuremburg 1689, three 

 years after his death, a work rather curious than ufeful. 

 Haller Bib. Med. Eloy Did. Hiftor. 



BARNERA, in Geography, a fmall ifiand of Scotland, 

 near the weft coaft of Lewis, feparated from the main land 

 by a ftrait, called Loch Barnera, about a mile wide. N. lat. 

 58° 25'. W.long. 7° 3'. 



BARNES, Joshua, in Biography, an Englifh divine and 

 claflical fcholar, was born in London in 1654, and educated 

 in grammar-learning at Chrift's hofpital, where he was diftm- 

 guilhed by his proficiency in Greek, and by fome Latin and 

 Englifh poems. In 167:, he was admitted a fervitor of 

 Emanuel college in Cambridge; and in 1678, he waselefted 

 a fellow of the fame college. In his numerous writings, 

 which were critical, poetical, and hiftorical, he difplayed 

 more induftrj' and fancy than tafte and judgment. His 

 memory was Angularly retentive, fo that he could write and 

 converfe in the Greek tongue with great readinefs; though 

 Dr. Bentley farcaftically remarked of him, that he underftood 

 as much Greek as a Greek cobler. Eut if he excelled in 

 tenacioufnefs of mt-nory, he was notorioufly deficient in 

 folidity of judgment ; and therefore fome perfon recommended 

 this pun to be infcribed upon his monument: 

 " Joftiua Barnes, 



■" Fehcis Memoria:, Judicium expcftans." 

 The enthufiafm of his temper was manifefted in various fin- - 

 gularities of opinion and conduft. Believing that charity 

 never fails in this life of obtaining due recompcnce, he has 

 given his only coat to a common beggar; and he ufed to 

 recite ftrange ftoiies of fome unexpecled remuneration which 

 he had.derived from charities of this kind. Of his talents 

 and learning, and particularly of his acquaintance with the 

 Greek language, he was vain and boaftful; and at the fame 

 time he was prone to depreciate and abufe others. Of his 

 works the moft rcfpcClablc were his editions of the Greek 

 clafTics; and thefe he dedicated, without much appropriate 

 feleftion, to perfons of high rank. In 1695, he was ekftcd 

 Greek profefTor of the univerfity of Cambridge. In i 700, 

 he maiTicd a widow with a handfome jointure, who is faidto 

 have made the firft advances; and, with a view to her amufe- 

 nient, and in order to induce her to fupply him with money 

 towards defraying the expence of his edition of Homer, he 

 vi-rote a copy of Englifh verfes, defigncd to prove that Solo- 

 mon was the author of the poems under Homer's name. 

 He died in 1 7 1 2, and was buried at Hemingford in Hunting- 

 donlhirc, where a curious monument v.-as crefted to him by 

 his widow, with an infcription partly in Latin and partly in 

 Greek Anacreontics. The following memorandum is an- 

 nexed: " Mr. Barnes read a fmall Enghfh bible, that he 

 ufnally caiTied about him, one hundred and twenty-one times 

 over at leifure hours." Of his numerous publications, the 

 principal are the following;: " A Poetical Paraphrafe on the 

 Hiftory of Efther," intitled, " A!/,\..tgxaTo-1.OT," or " The 

 Courtier's Looking-glafs, 5cc." The ftory is paraphraled in 



Greek 



