BAR 



BAR 



Sir George Sluickbiirtrh has computed a feries of table?, 

 and given precepts for cltimatiiitj the heip^hts of mountains 

 by means of thefc tables ; for which we refer to his own ac- 

 •coiint, ubi fupra. 



Obi. I. If o.oooioi be fvippofed the mean expanfion of 

 mercury for i°, the rediiclion of the barometric heights will 

 be had with fufHcient exactnefs by multiplying the obferved 

 heights of the mercui7 by the difference of its temperatures 

 from 32, and cutting oft tour more decimal places : thus 29.4 

 X ; soSo gives for the reduced height 29.347, and 25.19 X 

 T53^ gives 25.155, and the difference of their logarithms 

 gives 669.4 fathoms for the approximated elevation, which 

 differs from that given above by no more than 15 inches. 



Obf. 2. If 0.0024 be taken for the expanlion for 

 •1°, the correftion for this expanfion will be had by 

 inultiplying the approximated elevation by 12, and this pro- 

 duft by the fum of the differences of the temperatures from 

 32° ; counting that difference as negative when the tempe- 

 rature is below 32", and cutting off four places : thus, 



669.196 X 12X 13 +07'^TCT'!73 = l6.c6l, which added 

 to 669.196 gives 685.257, differing from the former only 

 § inches. 



III. Another rule may be derived from the fame pre- 

 mifes ; and it will be fufficlently exael for all geodxtical 

 purpofes. It requires no tables, and may be eafily remembered. 



1. The height through which we muft rife in order to 

 produce any fall of the mercury in the barometer, is inverfe- 

 ly proportional to the denfity of the air ; tliat is, to the 

 height of the mercury in the barometer. 



2. When the barometer ftands at 30 inches, and the air 

 andquicklilverareof the temperature 32, we muft rifethro\igh 

 87 feet, in order to produce a deprelhon of x'^th of an inch. 



3. But if the air be! of a d:ffcrent temperature, the 87 

 feet muft be increafcd or diminiflicd by 0.21 of a foot for 

 every degree of difference of the temperature from 32". 



4. Every degree of difference of the temperatures of the 

 mercury at the two ftations makes a change of 2.833 ft'ct, 

 or two feet ten inches in the elevation. Hence is deduced 

 the following rule. 



1. Take the difference of the barometric heights in 

 tenths of an inch ; and call it d. 



2. Multiply the difference a between 32, and the mean 

 temperature of the air by 21, and take the fum or difference 

 of this product and 87 feet. This is the height through 

 which we muft rife to caufe the barometer to fall from 30 

 inches to 29.9 : call this height h. Let m be the mtan be- 

 tween the two barometric heights. Then A is the 



approximated elevation veiy nearly. M'.diiply the dif- 

 ference J of the mercurial temperatures by 2.?3 feet, and :idd 

 this product to the approximated elevation, it the uppei- ba- 

 rometer has been the warmell ; otherwife funtraft it. The 

 refult, that is the fum or difference, will be the corrected ele- 

 vation. 



Example, as before. 



<•/ = 294 — 251.9 =42.1 



h ~ %■] -\- 10 y. 0.2 1 = 89.1 



Approximated tlevatii 



= 27.29 

 30 X 42.1 V: 39. 1 _ 

 •2y 



:4l23.24feet. 



Correction for temp, of mercury = 4X 2. S3 = 1I-32 



Coirtiitcd elevation in feet 

 The fame in fathoms 

 ^iiffcring from the former onlv 15 inches 



6S5.32 



This rule may be expreffed by the following formula, 

 which is fimple and eafily remembered ; a being the diiier- 

 ence between 32° and the mean temperature of the air, d 

 the difference of barometric heights in tenths of an inch, m the 

 mean barometric height, c the difference between the nicr- 

 curial temperatures, and E the coiTett elevation. E =: 



^0(87 + 0.2 I <7V/ , k .^ o T- 1 T> V -D 



■ ^ ' -^ '— ± 3 X 2.83. Encycl. Bnt. an. P.n-eu- 



m 

 MATics. See Height o/"//;;" Atmosphere, sai. Atmofpher-kal 



Log ARITH MIC. 



BAROMETERS, Anim.^l. See SEA-ANEMONirs. 



BAROMETRICAL Phosphorus, See Phospho- 

 rus. 



BAROMETZ, in Botany. See FolypODIum. 



BARON, a perfon who holds a barony. 



Baron is a term whofe origin and primary import are 

 much contelled. Some will have it originally denote a man, 

 a:-r,p ; fome a /lero, or ■valiant man ; fome a libfrtinus, or frt'e- 

 viati ; fome a great or rich man ; fom.e a vajfal or I'ugc-tran. 

 — Menage derives it from the Latin baro, which we find 

 uled in the pure age of that language for vir, 3,Joul or ia- 

 liant man ; whence, according to this author, it was that 

 tliofe placed next to the king in battles were called haronis, 

 as being the braveft men in the army ; and as princes fre- 

 quently rewarded the bravery and tidelity of thofe about 

 them 'with fees, the word came to be ufed for any noble 

 perfon who holds a fee immediately of the king. — Ifidore, 

 and after him Camden,, take the word in its original fcnfe, 

 to fignify a mercenary Joklicr. Meffieurs of the Port Royal 

 derive it from /Szpoj, luetght, or authority. Cicero ufes the 

 word baro, fcr a ftupid brutal man ; and the old Germar.i 

 make mention of buj/cturg a baron, i. e. a •villain ; as the 



Italians ftill ufe the word barone, to fignify a beggar M. 



De Marca derives baron frcm the German bar, r.:cn ox free- 

 man ; others derive it from the old Gaulifli, Celtic, and He- 

 brew languages. But the moft probable opinion is, tliat it 

 comes from the Spanifh imro, ?i Jicut, noil: perfr ; whence 

 wives come to call their hufbands, ami princes their tenants, 

 barons. In the Salic law, as well as the laws of the Lom- 

 bards, the word baron fignifies a man in the general, and the 

 old gloffary of Philorrenes tranflates baron by avUj;, man. 



Baron, the title of a lord or peer of parliament, being 

 the next degree below that of a vifcount. A baron hatli 

 the title of Right Honourable, and in all acls and proceed- 

 ings is ftyled Moft noble Lord. The parliamentary robe 

 of a baron is fcarlet cloth, linvd with white fattin, having on 

 the ri'Tht fide two guards of Minerva, or ermine, which 

 tignifies his degree. The coronet of a baron is a lim of 

 gold, having thereon fix pearls: this coronet was gi anted 

 them by Charles II. by patent bearing date 6th July 1661, 

 before which they wore a crimfon cap turned up with er- 

 mine, and on the top a taffel of gold, now called a baroii't 

 cap. A bnron m.iy app.int thr e chajilains. In ancient 

 record?, the word barons included all the nobility of Eng- 

 land, bL-cai:fe regidaily all noblemen were barons. 



The word br.ron of itlclf originally did not, more than 

 peer, fignify an immediate vaffal of the king ; for carls pa- 

 latine had their barons, that is, their immediate tenants ; 

 and in old records, the citizens of London are ftyled ba- 

 rons, and fo are the rcprefentatives of the cinq-.ie ports called 

 to this day. Baron, therefore, at tirft fignilied only the 

 immediate tenant of that fupcrior whofe baron he is faid to 

 be ; but by length of t'me it became rcfti-aincd to thofe 

 who, properly and eu'iCily fpeaking, were bcJcnes regis \^ 

 rcgni : and even not to ill of thcfe, but to fuch orly as had 

 manors and courts therein ; for though, by the principles of 

 the feudal conftitution, every immediate military tenant of 

 4 T 2 ti; 



