BAR 



BAR 



works are " Viiidicije librorom deuterc-canonicorum Veteris 

 Teftamenti," 1730, I2mo. ; "A General Hiilory of Ger- 

 many," 1 1 vols. 410. 1748 ; " The Life of Marlhal de Fa- 

 bert," 2 vols. i2mo. 1752; and the " Hiftory of the Laws 

 and Tribur;als of Ji:llice," 410. 1756. Nouv. Diet. 

 Hiftor. 



Bar re', in Geography, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Lozerre, and chief place of a canton in the 

 dillrift of Florae, 2 leagues S. of Florae, and 6j W.N.W. 

 of Alais. 



Barre, La, a town of France, in the depaitment of the 

 Eiire, and chief place of a ca::ton in the diftrlcl of Bernay, 

 3 leagues S.S.E. of Bernav, and 6| W.S.W, of Evreux. 



Barre', a townlhip of America, in Worcefter county, 

 and ilateof MafTach'tfetts, containing 1613 ir^habitants ; 24 

 ir.iles N.\\' . of Worcefter, and 66 W. of Boilon ; deriving 

 its name from that of the late Col. Barre, a Briti:1i fenator, 

 and an advjcjate for the caufe of America, in the war which 

 terminated in the feparation of the two courtrits. The 

 townlliip has good padures, fattens a multitude of cattle, 

 and produces more butter and cheefe for the market than 

 any ttber of the fame extent in the ftate. 



Barre' is alfo a townfhip of Huntingdon county in 

 Pennfv'vania. 



BARREA, a circL- or diftricl of Hindoftan, in the 

 country of Guzerat. 



BARREE Bay. See Baxa. 



BARREGES Lf.s Bains. See Bareges. 



BARREL, an oblong vcfiel, of a fpheroidal, or rather a 

 cylindroidal figure, ufed for the holding divers forts of goods 

 both liquid and dry. 



Barrels are of divers ufes in Artillery, as for powder, fmall 

 (hot, flints, fulphur, falt-petre, rofin, pitch, quick-match, and 

 many other things. 



Barrels filled with earth ferve to make a parapet to cover 

 the men, like gabions and canvas bags. 



Fire-barrels are caflcs of divers capacities, filled with 

 bombs, grenadoes, fire-pots mixed with great quantities of 

 tow foaked in petrol, turpentine, pitch, 5:c. ufed by the 

 beficged to defend breaches. Thcfe are fometimes alfo 

 called thundering barrels, being to be rolled down on the 

 enemy on their entering the breach. 



Barrel is alfo ufed for a certain quantity, or weight of 

 feveral merchandizes ; which is various as the commodities 

 vary. 



The Englifh barrel, wine meafure, contains the eighth 

 part of a tun, the fourth part of a pipe, and the moiety 

 of a hogfliead, that is, thirty-one gallons and a half; 

 of beer it contains thirty-fix gallons, and of ale thirty-two 

 gallo-^s. 



The barrel of beer, vinegar, or liquor preparing for vine- 

 gar, is to contain 34 gallons, according to the ftandard of 

 the ale quart. 10 and 1 1 W. TIL cap. 21. 



The barrel of herrings isto contain 32 gallons, wine mea- 

 fure ; being about 28 gallons, old ftandard : ulually amount- 

 ing to about 1000 full herrings, 13 Eliz. cap. 1 1. 



The barrel of falmon is to contain 42 gallons, 5 G. 

 cap. 18. — And the barrel of eels the fame, 22 Ed. IV. 

 cap. 2. 



The barrel of foap is to contain 256 pounds, 10 A. cap. 19. 



A barrel of Eficx butter weighs 106 pounds, and of Suf- 

 folk butter 256 pounds. 



In fome parts of Ireland, particularly in the city of Cork, 

 coals and fait are meafured by the barrel. The barrel ufed 

 to contain 7 buihels Wincheller, but that lately introduced 

 for coal is, according to law, 4 bufhels ; i. e. 40 Englilli, or 

 50 Iriih galioDS. Salt is ftiU meafured in the barrel of 7 



buiTiels, but_^/i; meafure ; whereas the coal was fold by 

 heap meafure, which put it into the power of the meafurer 

 to cheat cither the feller or buyer at pleafure. The abufe 

 was found fo great that this kind of meafureraent has been 

 abolilhed. 



The barrel or barille of Florence is a liquid meafure con- 

 taining 20 fiafques, fla{l<s, or one-third of a ftaror ftaio. 



The banvl, bariqiie, of Paris, contains 210 pints, or 26 

 feptiefs and a half; four bariques make three muids, or one 

 tun. 



Barrel, in Anatomy, denotes a pretty large cavity 

 fituated behind the drum of the ear, lined with a membrane 

 in which there are feveral veins and arteries. It is faid to 

 be full of a purulent matter in children ; and in its cavity 

 there arc four fmall bones ; viz. the malleolus, the incus, the 

 Jlapes, and the 6s orhiculare. 



Barrel of a Cloch, in Mechanics, is a cylindrical part, 

 about which the ftring is wound. And the barrel of a 

 watch is the cylinder which contains the fpring, and about 

 which the chain coils. 



Barrel of a Gun, Piflol, &c. is the cylindrical tube 

 through v.-hich the ball is difcharged. 



Barrel o/'(z Jach, is the cylindrical part whereon the line 

 is wound. 



Barrel of a Pump, is the wooden tube which makes the 

 body of the engine, and wherein the piilon moves. 



BARRELET, in Heraldry. See Barrulet. 



BARRE LIE R, James, in Biography, a Dominican 

 monk, was born at Paris, in l6c6, of a noble family. Having 

 received a liberal education, and being well flrilled in Latin, 

 Greek, and feveral modern languages, he applied himfelf to 

 the ftudy of medicine ; but entering among the Dominicans, 

 in 1633, he now confined himfelf to acquiring a knowledge 

 of plants. With this view, he embraced an opportunity of- 

 fered him, of accompanying the head or general of the 

 Jacobins, as an afliilant, with whom he travelled over a great 

 part of France and Spain, collecting every where whatever 

 rare plants could be found, of which he procured drawings 

 to be made. At the end of 23 years, a great part of which 

 was fpent in Italy, he returned to Paris. He now applied 

 himfelf in arranging the plants he had collefted, prcpofing 

 to publifli accounts and dehneations of them, in the m.anner 

 adopted by Tournefort, and had proceeded fo far as to get 

 engravings of 1324 of the plants finifhed, when he died of 

 allhma in 1672. His manufcripts, drawings, and plates, 

 were depofited, after his death, in the librar)' of the 

 Jacobins at Paris, where they remained until the year 17 14, 

 when Antonine Juffieu undertook to pubhih them, under 

 the title of " Plantx per Galliam, Hifpaniam, et Italiam 

 obfer\at2e, et iconibus ssneis exhibits, a 11. P. Jacolo Bar- 

 reliero, opus pofthumum ;" Parifiis, 2 vol. fol. The en- 

 gravings are on a fmall fcale, frequently borrowed from 

 other works, Hal'er fays, and many of them repetitions of 

 the fame plants. Many of them, however, he adds, are new, 

 and of fcarce and valuable plants, which entitles thefe volumes 

 to a place in all botanical libraries. Haller. Bib. Botan. 

 Eloy. Dia. Hitt. 



BAR REELING, the art of putting up certain commo- 

 dities in cafl<s or barrels. 



Gun-powder for the land fervice is often barrelled double, 

 the barrel it is put in being inclofed in another barrel, partly 

 to prevent the powder catching moifture in tiie fubterraneou* 

 places it is kept in, and partly to enable it the better to bear 

 the motion and jolting of carriages, when it is te be con- 

 veyed to another place. 



Barrelling of Herrings, imports the cutting off their 



headi as they are thrown isto the bufs, and afterwards pnll- 



4 U 2 bjf 



