BAR 



lag out the guts, faking them, and putting them up in 

 barrels. There are two forts of barrelled herrings ; one 

 wherein they are laid orderly, layer over layer, called by 

 feme packed herrings ; the other wherein they are thrown 

 at random, called herring in wrack. 



The difference arifes thus : as faft as the filhermen catch 

 the herrings, they throw them on the deck of the veffel ; 

 where having gutted and faked them, they throw them at 

 random into the barrel, to be curried home : this is the her- 

 ring in wrack. 



When amved afhore, they take the fifh out of thefe bar- 

 rels, call them into a tub, and faking them anew, range them 

 handfomely in their barrels again, laying fak over them, to 

 preferve them ; thefe are the packed herrings. And it is in 

 this ftate they are ufually fold. 



BARRELL's Sound, in Geography, lies on the N.W. 

 coall of Ameiiea, and is called by the natives Conget-hoi-tot. 

 It is fituated about 6 leagues from the fouthcrn extremity of 

 Wafhington or Charlotte idands, in a N.W. diretlion, about 

 N.lat. 52°. W. long. 131^. It has two inlets, one on the 

 call, the otlier on the weft fide of the ifland ; the latter is 

 the beft, the other is dangerous. The (liores are of a 

 craggy black rock ; and the banks are lined with trees of 

 various kinds ; as pines, fprnce, hemlock, alder, &:c. This 

 found was firft vifited by Capt. Gray in the Wa(hington in 

 J 789, and derived its name from Jofeph Barrell Efq. of 

 Charleftovvn. 



Barrels, the name given to rocks near the fouth coaft of 

 the county of Wexford, in the Irifli fea, 5 miles S.W. of 

 Carnfore point. — Alfo, to rocks near the fouth coall of 

 Ireland, in Courtmafchery bay. 



B.\RRE'ME, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Lower Alps, and chief place of a canton in the dillridl 

 of pigne, 10 miles S.S.E. of Digne. 



B.\RREN, is a term of Saxon origin, and means, applied 

 to animals or vegetables, unfruitful, fteril, incapable of pro- 

 ducing or propagating its like. Land is called barren, on 

 which no plants, fit for the fullenance or nourifhment of 

 man or animals, will grow. Metaphorically apphed to 

 the human mind, it means dull, llupid, uninventive. 



In man and animals banennefs is ufually occafioned by 

 fome defe(fl in the organs of generation. Both fexes are 

 liable to this deficiency ; but it is thought to be more inci- 

 dent to the female than the male. It is remarkable, that 

 hybrid animals, as the mule, are incapable of propagatino- 

 their like. See Hybrids. 



Barrennefs may alio be occafioned by general debility, or 

 ill health ; and yet women in nearly the laft (lage of con- 

 fumption, are not unfrequently found to conceive, to carry 

 the fruit to its full term, and at length produce it in a 

 found and healthy Hate ; the progrefs of the confumption 

 being Hopped during the time of utero-geftation. See 



CONSUMPTIOS. 



Defefts, occafioning barrennefs or (lerility, are either ex- 

 ternal or internal. The mod ufual external deficiency in 

 men, is, a penis too (hort, (lender, or feeble. This flate of 

 that organ is often attended with a degree of curvature, the 

 end being held down by a ftrong bridle. In thefe cafes, 

 the orifice of the urethra, inftead of being at the end is in 

 the under part of the penis, within half an inch of its ex- 

 tremity ; whence there is not only confiderable difficulty in 

 introducing it into the vagina of the female, but in the 

 venereal orgafm, the femen, inftead of being thrown for- 

 wards towards the os uteri, is ejefted backwards, and fo 

 loft. 



In the female, ftraitnefs of the vagina, or cohefion of 

 Its fides, preventing the intromiffion of the male organ, may 



BAR 



occafion barrennefs. Thefe defefts may fometimes be 

 remedied by appropriate operations. (See Vagina, Difiafes 

 of.) The fame eiTeCt, a ftraitnefs of the vagina, may be 

 occafioned by fcirrhoiis affections of its fides (fee as above). 

 But a more common cafe is an expanfion of the membrane 

 called the hymen, fliutting up the entrance of the vagina, 

 and only having, at the anterior part, a fmall hole for the 

 paflage of the urine. Midwives arc therefore cautioned, on 

 the birth of female children, to examine whether the paffage 

 into the vagina be open, and if they find it covered by a thia 

 membrane, to feparate it with their nails, and to infpect the 

 part for a few fubfequent days, that it may not coakfce 

 again. If this caution has been neglefted, the membrane, 

 which at the birth of the child is fo tender as to yitld to the 

 fligliteft force, becomes, in a few years, thick, firm, and 

 flelhy, and can only then be divided by a painful and trou- 

 blefome operation. See Hyui^k, Imperf/ialed. 



The vagina is alfo fometimes found divided into two 

 canals or palTages, by a flrong, flefhy, membranous parti- 

 tion, running its wiiole length, or nearly fo, rendering the 

 introduction of the male organ difficult or impradlicable. 

 Thefe two paffages fometimes communicate at the upper 

 end, and receive a fingle os uteri ; at others, they continue 

 feparate, terminating, or each of them leading to an os 

 uteri ; the uterus having, in thefe cafes, two cavities, or 

 there being two uteri. (See the articles Vagina, and 

 Uterus.) Tliefe, however, may be ccnfidered as caufes 

 rendering impregnation difficult, but not impoffible. More 

 certain and inevitable caufes of barrennefs in women are, 

 impervioufncfs, fcirrhus, or other difeafes of the 03 uteri. 

 Fallopian tubes, or of the ovaries, which are generally incur- 

 able. 



Debihty, occafioning barrennefs in men particularly, is 

 moft commonly caufed by the too early, or too frequent, and 

 inordinate ufe of venery, by m.anftrupation, or felf-pollution 

 (fee Onanism ), by repeated attacks of gonorrhoea or 

 fiphylis ; by gleets, and by frequent and long continued 

 courfcs of mercury. For the cure of thole complaints, fee 

 GoKORRHOEA, LuEs VENEREA, Gleets ; fee alfo Con- 

 ception, Caufes impeJing. 



Barren Corn, in Agriculture, a term applied to a diftem- 

 per in corn, in which the ears of fuch kinds as are afFe<5led, 

 as wheat and rye, which are the moft fubjcft to it, are long, 

 lean, and white ; in foine, the ftamina, or fmall threads in the 

 middle of the flower, are dry, tranfparent, and horned ; the 

 female organs are fmall, whiter, and lefs velvety than in 

 healthy ears ; in others, the filaments are fwelled, the apices 

 or knobs on the tops of the ftamina void of dull or farina, and 

 the ftigma badly unfolded. The ftigmata of all the bloffoms 

 of an ear are fometimes dried and parciied, and at other 

 timer, the apices are much fwelled out. This diftemper of 

 corn has been afcribed to various caufes ; fuch as its too 

 fudden growth, the influence of froft or of hot gleams of 

 funfhine after heavy (howers ; and fometimes, though rarely, 

 to infefts. Count Ginnani imputes it to the faultinefs of 

 the foil ; and he recommends particular attention to the 

 amendment of it by fuch means as are beil fuited to its 

 nature ; and he alfo direfts to change the feed every 

 year. 



Barren Earth, a term given by fome writers to particular 

 flerile foils, and alfo to the under ftratum of earth, or that 

 which lies immediately below the bed of mould, which is 

 moft frequently turned up and cultivated for the nourifli- 

 ment and fupport of plants. The idea of the under ftrata 

 of foils being improper for the growth and fupport of plants 

 feems to have originated in error, as it is now well known 

 that every kind of earth, whether placed near the furface 



