BAR 



in fmall axilb.ry fpikcs, alternate, and almod feffile. A na- 

 tive of Guiana, in tlie cxtcnlive forefts, near the banks of the 

 river Siiicmari, fifty leagues from its mouth. It flowtrs in 

 November. 



BARRET, George, in Biography, apaintcrof landfcape, 

 was born about the year 1732, in the city of Dublin, andex- 

 hib'ted at a very early age a Itrong difpofition to the art in 

 vhich lie afterwards became eminent. Having gained a pre- 

 mium of5ol. ofil-red by the Dublin focicty for the bcft land- 

 feapcin oil, he vifued Loudon in 1 762, and in the fecond year 

 after his arrival, obtained afimilar prize from the Society for 

 the encouragement of arts, &c. The eftablithment of the 

 Royal Academy of Arts, &c. is faid to liave been much in- 

 debted to the efforts of Mr. Barret, who formed the plan, 

 and became one of its men;bers. He had two decided man- 

 ners of painting, both with regard to colour and touch ; 

 his firll was rather heavy in both, his latter was much lighter. 

 Scarcely any painter equalled him in Irs knowledge or exe- 

 cution of the details of nature, the latter of which was par- 

 ticularly light, and well calculated to mark mod decidedly 

 the true characters of the various objeds he rcprefented, 

 fored-trees in particular. His attention was chiefly diredled 

 to the true colour of Englifli fcenery, with regard to which 

 he was very happy in his bell v^orks. His bed pictures, in 

 this country, executed according to his fird manner, are to 

 be found in the houfes of the dukes of Buccleugh and 

 Portland, &c. and thofe of his latter in his great work at 

 Norbury Park in SuiTy, confiding of a large room, painted 

 with a continued fcene entirely round. The idea in general 

 charaiflerifes the northern part of tliis country ; and for com- 

 pofition, breadth of cffeft, truth of colour, and boldnefs of 

 manner in the execution, has not been equalled by any 

 modern painter. Barret alfo excelled in water-colours ; and 

 his drawings in chalk, Indian ink, and black-lead pencil, 

 have great merit. In all his dudies from nature he was very 

 corred. and minute. He alfo performed fome flight but 

 fpirited etchings in landfcapes. He died at Paddinglon 

 near London in 1784. Pilkington and Stiutt. 



B.*RRET 5«Hif, Great, in Geography, lies at the S. and 

 S.E. end of the ifland of Oleron, on the coad of France, 

 and forms the N.W. fide of the Maumufon paffage, as 

 Point de Gardour, on the main land, forms the S.E. 

 fide. 



BARRETRY. See BARA.TRV,and Barratry. 



B ARRETSTOWN, in Geography, a plantation in Han- 

 cock County, in the didridl of Maine, in North America, 

 having 173 inhabitants. 



BARRICADE, or Barricado, a military term for a 

 fence or retrenchment, hallily made with vefTels or bafl^ets 

 of earth, carts, trees, palifadts, or the like, to preferve an 

 army fiom the fhot or aflault of an enemy. 



The mod ufual materials of barricades are pales, or ftakes 

 which are croffed with b;ittoons, and diod with iron at the 

 feet; ufually fet up in pafiages or breaches, to keep back 

 tlie horfe as well as the foot. 



Barricade, in tiie Marine, is a ftrong wooden rail, fup- 

 ported by pillars, and extending as a fence acrofs the fore- 

 mod part of the quarter-deck. In ftiips of war, the intervals 

 between the pillars are comnw.ily filled with cork, junks 

 of old cable, or plaited cordage. About a foot above the 

 rail, there extends a double rope netting, fupported by 

 cranes of iron ; and between the two parts of tlie netting 

 are duffed hammocks, filled with the feamen's bedding, to 

 intercept inidll fliot fired by fwivel-guns and mudcets, in 

 time of battle. 



BARRICOURT, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Ardeimes, and chief place of a canton 



BAR 



in the diftrid of Grandprc, 6 leagues S. of Sedan, and 3 

 N.E. of Grandprc. 



BARRIER, in Fortijicahon, a kind of fence made at a 

 paffage, retrenchment, gate, &c. to dop up the entry 

 thereof. See Defekce. It is ufually made of great 

 dakes, about four or five feet high, placed at the didance of 

 eight or ten feet from one another, with overthwart rafters ; 

 ferving to flop either horfe or foot that would rufh in. In 

 the middle is a moveable bar of wood, which opens and diuts 

 at pleafure. 



Barrier IJlands, in Geography, iflands which lie off the 

 river Thames, on the E. coad of New Zealand, and fo 

 called becaufe they ditlter it from the fea. They flretch 

 from S.E. to N.W. for 10 leagues. 



Barriers, correfponding to what the French call " jcu 

 de barres," i.e. pa/e/lra, have been ufed to fignify a martial 

 exercife of men, armed, and fighting to /^ther with lliort 

 fwords, within certain rails or bars, by which they were 

 inclofed from the fpeclators ; now difufed in this country. 



Barriers, or Barrieres, a name given, in the chief 

 cities of France, and particularly at Paris, to the places where 

 the cudom-houfes are edabliflted, and where the ofiicers 

 receive the duties of importation, according to tlie tariff 

 fettled bv the king's council. They are called barriers 

 becaufe the pafiagcs, through which the carriages and mer- 

 chandifes liable to pay duties are to pafs, are frat up with a 

 wooden bar, which turns upon a hinge, and is opened and 

 flint at the will of the cudom-houfe officers. 



There are at Paris fixty of thofe barriers, all placed at the 

 entrance of the fuburbs. 



There are alfo harrier to'uins, or places of defence, on the 

 frontiers of kingdoms. 



BARRILE, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the king- 

 dom of Naples, and province of JBalilicata ; 7 miles W.S.W. 

 of Venofa. 



BARRING a Vein, in Farriery, now obfolete. See Bar 

 a Vein. 



BARRINGDIN, in Geography, a town of Africa, in 

 the country of Barra. 



BARRINGTON, John Shute, Lord Viscount 

 Barrikgton, in Biography, a learned nobleman, particu- 

 larly didinguifhed by his attention to theological fubjects, 

 was the younged fon of Benjamin Shute, merchant, by a 

 daughter of the famous Mr. Caryll, author of the commen- 

 tary on Job, and defcended from the ancient family of Shute 

 in the county of Leiceder, of Roman extradion. He was 

 born at Theobald's in Hertfordfhire, in 1678, and received 

 part of his education iu the univerfity of Utrecht. Upon 

 his return to England he devoted himfelf to the dudy of the 

 law in the Inner Temple ; and in 1701 commenced his lite- 

 raiy career as a writer, if we except his Latin oration " De 

 Studio Philofophix conjungendocum Studio Juris Romani," 

 publidied at Utrecht in 1698 ; by an " Eday upon the In- 

 tereds of England in refped to Protedants diffenting from 

 the Edablidied Church," 410. to which clafs of Britilh fub- 

 jeds he belonged. This was followed fome time afterwards 

 by another piece in 410. intitlcd " The Rights of Protellant 

 Diflenters, in two parts." At the age of 24., during the 

 profecution of his legal dudies, he was appointed by the re- 

 commendation of lord Somers, to the arduous undertaking 

 of engaging the PrefLyterians of Scotland to favour the 

 imion of the two kingdoms, and in 170S he was rewarded 

 for his fcrviccs by the office of commiincner of the cudoms. 

 From this fituatlon he was removed by the Tory adminidra- 

 ticn ol queen Anne, in [711, on account of his avowed op- 

 pofition to their principles and condud. In the mean time 

 his fortune was greatly improved by the bequeft of two con- 



fiderable 



